RESEARCH ON THE MECHANISM OF GAS OUTBURST INITATION IN MINES

The mechanism of coal-gas outburst iniration is comprehensively analysed. The direct courses of initating coal-gas outburst are the sudden loss of confining stresses and the gas pressure gradient in coal seam. The effects of working face's advancing rate, geological conditions and gas pressure gradient as well as mechanical & physical characteristics of coal on outburst initation are expounded by means of mathematic analyses about gas seepage which takes place in coal seams. The results are of certain practical significance and reference value to further quantitive study of outburst and its predication.     

Simulation of coal and gas outburst with different gas pressure

To discuss the mechanism of gas pressure in coal and gas outburst process,with the constant of moulding pressure,moisture and forced status of the outburst coal sample, five outburst experiments of the different gas pressure are simulated by the independently developed coal and gas outburst simulation test device and the same coal sample. It is found that coal and gas outburst could produce pyriform or elliptic holes with small mouth and big belly. And the volume of hole to the volume of outburst coal is from 1/2 to 2/3. Moreover, there is a threshold value of gas pressure for coal and gas outburst and greater with the increase of outburst intensity. As the force of outburst, the gas pressure has a certain effect of ejection and porphyrization on the outburst coal powders. The coal sample temperature varies continuously with the trend of rising firstly and decreasing subsequently. And the grads of coal temperature can be adopted for predicting the coal and gas outburst.     

The Ultrafine Physical Structure Characteristics of Coal

The amorphous structure characteristics of coal and their variation regularity are discussed.The pore structure features and models of coal have been reviewed in detail.     

Study on the Chemical Composition and Macromolecular Structure of Outburst Zone Coal

In the light of ultimate analysis data and density of specific gravity liquid, we put forward a formula to calculate the real density of vitrinite, and get a relatively exact computational formula of condensation ring index. The molar fraction of carbon atom ( x C ) could be used to describe the metamorphic degree of coal. Relationship between the macromolecular structure and the probability of coal outburst has been discussed.     

THE STUDY OF THE RELATION BETWEEN COAL-GAS OUTBURST AND PHYSIC AND MECHANIC PROPERTIES OF COAL SEAM IN A COAL MINE

The experimental study of physic and mechanic properties of coal seam in a coal mine is presented, and the relation between coal-gas outburst and the strength, the elastic modulus, as well as the deformation property of coal seam is analysed on the basis of the experimental results.     

穿层钻孔煤巷条带水力压裂防突技术及应用

针对低渗高突煤层煤巷条带预抽区域瓦斯治理难题,运用弹性力学理论,结合高压水动力特性,提出穿层钻孔煤巷条带水力压裂防突技术,建立计算目标煤层起裂压力计算模型,集成配套井下压裂成套设备,并进行工业性试验。试验结果表明：技术实施后,压裂钻孔的瓦斯抽采浓度和抽采纯量曲线呈现“高—低—高”特点,体现了压裂改造的双重作用;相比于水力割缝孔和普通穿层孔,压裂孔的瓦斯抽采纯量分别提高了20倍和133倍;预掘煤巷处的残余瓦斯含量降到8 m 3/t以下,穿层钻孔煤巷条带水力压裂增透技术消突效果显著。     

Characteristics of triaxial creep and constitutive relationship of outburst coal

The creep characteristics of coal and rock under confining pressure in Songzao, P.R. China were studied. The experimental data were analyzed and discussed in detail. The characteristics of creep could be described by the generalized K B model after the experimental data were fitted. The parameters of the model were obtained. The results show that when the creep load was σ≥σs, the curve of coal and rock under confining pressure displayed three typical phases. In the first and second phases, the fitted curve was consistent with the test curve. Thus, the generalized K B model can describe the whole process of coal creep under confining pressure.     

Key Layer and Stress Dike Mechanism of Coal and Gas Outbursts

The outburst coal mass is a geologic body which had objectively existed before outbursts occurred.The authors think the occurrence and development of coal and gas outbursts are controlled by comprehensive factors according to a host of facts of outbursts in their researches,and all the factors belong to the system of "rock coal gas rock".Therefore the authors put forward a completely hypothesis,i.e.key layer and stress dike mechanism of coal and gas outbursts.This hypothesis emphasizes that the outbursts are the result of comprehensive action by coalbed gas,abutment stress and physical and mechanical properties of coal.Of special interest is emphasizing the geologic backgroud and conditions of outbursts to a great extent.Any phenomenon of outbursts which a person could observe could be qualitatively explained with the hypothesis so that the hypothesis can serve the study of geophysical field of outbursts perfectly.     

Analysis on AE characteristic and its confining pressure effect of outburst coal containing gas

Briquette samples made of outburst coal are taken as study objects to study AE characteristic and its confining pressure effect by using self-developed equipment, Shimazu servo test machine and AE monitor system, and the characteristic of AE parameters are analyzed, too. The results show that in the process of outburst coal containing gas triaxial compression, there is no serious dense or sparse area of AE events, but three relative dense appear in compression phase, middle area of linear elastic stage and near peaking phase area so that the characteristic of AE events look like three peaks. But the amplitude of AE events is small and the good consistency between energy change and amplitude change is showed. Microstructure change caused by external stress field change, fracture and fragmentation of particle of samples, movement besides particle of samples and microstructure change caused by dissipation of gas are the sources of AE events. The number of AE events is reduced as the confining pressure is increased, but the influence on total number of AE events caused by confining pressure show nonlinear, expressed by quadratic function. The number of larger amplitude of AE events show decreasing tendency as the confining pressure is increased, the relation between numbers of AE events whose amplitude is more than certain value and confining pressure is expressed by quadratic function.     

A visco elasto plastic creep model of outburstprone coal under triaxial compression

Using self made creep seepage experimental apparatus, triaxial creep tests on outburst prone coal are carried out with coal samples taken from Songzao Coal Mine. It is found that the attenuation creep property is shown in the conditions of less than its long term strength load, while non attenuation creep property for the greater conditions. By introducing a visco elasto plastic body which can describe the deformation property of non Newtonian fluids, the visco elasto plastic creep model of outburst prone coal is put forward combined with a Poyting Thomson model. The model parameters were fitted out with Matlab programmer and validation is employed. It is found that the test results were in good agreement with those by the proposed model.     

煤与瓦斯突出综合预测指标临界值的优化

为了提高煤与瓦斯突出预测的准确性、保障采掘工作面的安全、高效推进和降低防突工程成本,根据“三率”(预测突出率、突出预测准确率、不突出预测准确率)各自具有的合理区间属性和权重,以张集煤矿采掘工作面为例,采用区间数关联决策方法,得出综合预测指标 F ′的最优化区间为［370,380］;根据加权灰靶决策方法,得出预测指标临界值排序为400、390、380等;取最优化区间和排序靠前的临界值的交集,得到煤与瓦斯突出综合预测指标 F ′的临界值为380,并开展现场应用。结果表明,考虑评价指标的区间属性,并取预测指标区间与排序靠前的临界值的交集作为煤与瓦斯突出预测综合指标 F ′的最优临界值方法是合理的。     

Clogging mechanical model and its application in gas extraction borehole

A clogging segment mechanical model is established on gas extraction horizontal borehole. Based on the air pressure extremes pmax of the construction site, we solve the corresponding critical clogging length L0 and find clogging will occur when L> L0. With the clogging segment mechanical model, we analyze the calculation method of the retreat drilling rod resistance in borehole. The influence rule of clogging length and air supplying system pressure on retreat drilling rod resistance is analyzed. Analysis results show that the main reason for difficult drilling clogging and retreat drilling rod is the higher pressure in borehole clogging segment. The retreat drilling rod resistance is especially sensitive to the change of air supplying system; therefore, the effective method of reducing the retreat drilling rod resistance is reducing the air supplying system pressure in borehole. The drilling construction status in Jiulishan coal mine is analyzed by using the clogging segment mechanical model, and three technical measures are put forward, including increasing slagging space, reducing slagging resistance and increasing drilling rod strength. When the improving measures are adopted, the pipe-sticking phenomena decreases, the drilling rod broken phenomenon are averted and the drilling efficiency increases by 17%.     

The effect of original moisture content in coal beds on coal and gas outburst risk level

By using self-made “Coal Containing Gas Thermal-Hydrological-Mechanical (THM) Coupling Experimental Equipment”, an experimental study is carried out to investigate the gas seepage law of containing-gas coal during the complete stress-strain process with different original water contents. Under the conditions of constant gas pressure and confining pressure, and the experimental results are compared with the field test of the gas emission variation of coal seams before and after being infused. The research results show that the triaxial compressive strength and the elastic ratio of coal decrease with the increase of original water content in coal, but the axial strain of coal increases and the absolute value of transverse strain and volume strain of coal increases at the triaxial compressive strength; the methane effective permeability of coal decreases throughout the complete stress-strain process. Outburst prevention by coal seam infusion attributed is analyzed from two aspects: the mechanics of coal and the gas flow in the coal seams. The higher original water content in coal seams is, the smaller the risk of coal and gas outburst becomes. So the original water content in coal seam can be treated as a significant criterion for the judgments of coal and gas outburst criticality.     

Effect of UPC on Energy Distribution and Blast Furnace Smelting Process

The effect of UPC on energy distribution and each smelting index of blast furnace smelting process under a large amount of injection coal with oxygen enriched by an energy management optimizing and expert prognosis system is discussed.[WT5HZ]     

Numerical simulation of outburst prevention air door destruction by coal and gas outbursts

We explore the destruction of outburst prevention air doors by coal and gas outbursts using numerical simulation. The reflective overpressure when an outburst acts on doors is elucidated, and its formula is obtained. The destruction of outburst prevention wind doors by coal and gas outburst are simulated using ANSYS software based on data of wind door pressure obtained by similarity simulation experiment. The simulation results show that the weakest place of gate posts is where the wind tube is. Simulation results also show the first shock wave pressure that acts on an outburst prevention wind door is not the maximum one. Due to the effect of reflected overpressure, the outburst prevention wind door pressure will reach the maximum in several milliseconds. This finding is similar to the experiment result.     

Simulation study on COREX process system

System simulation is carried out based on the COREX process simulation model. The coal consumption increases with the increasing of the volatile content in coal. The control of volatile in coal is an important step for COREX’s iron making. The coal consumption decreases with the increasing of the oxidation degree of raw gas out of the melter gasifier. The energy utilization ratio of COREX process increases with the increasing of the oxidation degree or decreasing of the temperature of raw gas out of the melter gasifier. The maximum value of the energy utilization ratio is just over 50%. The temperature of raw gas should have a much higher value, compared with the temperature of reducing gas entering shaft furnace. The requirement of using much more kinds of coal and facilitating process operations is a key reason.     

Prediction of coal and gas outburst intensity with Incorporate GeneticAlgorithm Based Back Propagation Neural Network(IGABP)

For the prediction of coal and gas outburst intensity, Incorporate Genetic Algorithm Based Back Propagation Neural Network(IGABP) is proposed to solve the limitations in the traditional GABP such as time consuming, optimal stop condition of GA pretreatment indeterminacy, independency and complex task of great importance etc. IGABP addresses some improvements in adaptive crossover and mutation probability to promote GA performance. And with the introduction of BP operator in the evolution of GA operations, the standard GA optimization is from random search to self guiding search and the convergence rate of GA is upgraded, as well as the determination ability of exact solution. With a simulation as a case study, it is found that the minimum error and standard error with IGABP are 0.012 and 0.227, respectively, compared with -0.126 and 1.529 by traditional GABP.     

Dynamic superposition and simulation research on flowing of gas outburst and mine ventilation network

In allusion to the “5·30”especially serious coal and gas outburst accident of Tonghua coal mine of Songzao Coal Electricity Group CO., LTD in 2009, a detailed simulation of the mutation process of mine ventilation system during gas outburst disaster period is done by using theory of ventilation network with sources and numerical simulation technology (we develop a computer simulation system). Three changing processes, namely outburst overflow, natural flow and ventilation downstream occurs in the ventilation system after outburst. Due to the expanded power of outburst source, gas enters main ventilation roadways at first, and flows outward, and flows counter-current along main intake air roadway, and then enters low air quantity roadways with air doors or underground chamber, which leads to gas concentration overrun and threat to the whole mine. After outburst, gas power disappears. Due to the action of gas natural ventilation pressure, mine ventilation may begin to flow naturally. After the ventilation systems are restored, gas flows with the wind as a result of the power of the main fan. Due to the interference of gas natural ventilation pressure, the operating points of main fans may drift (relative to roadway structure), but the operating points recover with the discharge of gas. It is worth noting that the detention time of gas in low air quantity roadways and underground chambers is relatively long, and the gas becomes continuous gas supply sources, so it is dangerous. In addition, the delayed pour between main roadways and by-pass low air quantity roadways and the gas natural ventilation pressure caused by gas detention may lead to airflow disorder of reversion in some local circuits, and may enlarge the affected range of gas, or lead to the delay and detention of gas discharge.