犬猫冠状病毒病

由犬猫冠状病毒感染导致的犬猫冠状病毒病对宠物危害较大，不仅影响宠物行业的健康发展，还对人类健康和公共卫生安全构成潜在威胁。本文从病原学、临床症状与病理变化、诊断方法等方面分别对犬冠状病毒病和猫冠状病毒病进行介绍，并对犬猫冠状病毒病的防治进行概述，以期为犬猫养殖者、饲养者及研究人员提供参考。     

犬冠状病毒病的特征以及防治对策

犬冠状病毒病具有较高的传染率和致死率,一旦在犬身上发生将严重危害犬的生命健康,该病毒可通过病犬使其他动物感染,严重影响环境安全和生态安全。本文主要介绍犬冠状病毒病的特征、临床症状、流行特点以及诊断方法,并提出了犬冠状病毒病的预防对策和治疗对策,治疗对策包括抗病毒疗法和输液疗法。一、犬冠状病毒病特征和临床症状(一)犬冠状病毒病的特征犬冠状病毒属冠状病毒科,冠状病毒属,多呈圆形或椭圆形。     

犬冠状病毒研究进展

2020年2月,我国香港报道了新冠肺炎（COVID-19）患者家养的宠物犬感染了新型冠状病毒（SARS-CoV-2）,这引起了人们对犬冠状病毒的关注。为有助于人们全面了解犬冠状病毒,做好犬冠状病毒病防治,本文从病原学与流行病学、临床症状以及诊断和防治措施等方面进行了综述。犬冠状病毒在犬群中广泛存在,主要包括α冠状病毒属的犬肠炎冠状病毒和β冠状病毒属的犬呼吸道冠状病毒。犬冠状病毒致病性不强,引起的临床症状通常较轻,但对幼犬或与犬细小病毒、犬瘟热病毒等发生混合感染时,会引起较严重症状,且易发生突变,产生新的变异毒株,具有致病性增强的风险。目前,犬冠状病毒检测方法主要包括病原学检测、血清学检测以及RT-PCR、qRT-PCR、纳米PCR等分子生物学检测。犬冠状病毒感染的防治主要通过疫苗免疫以及科学饲养管理、卫生消毒和对症治疗等综合措施。虽然犬可感染SARS-CoV-2,但尚不清楚感染犬是否可将病毒再传染给其他动物或人类。因此,应加强犬冠状病毒的病原生态学研究和监测预警。     

犬冠状病毒病的免疫预防研究进展

犬冠状病毒病是由犬冠状病毒引起的以胃肠炎为主的一种高度接触性传染病,对幼犬危害尤其严重,发病率和死亡率都很高,是目前对养犬业危害较大的疾病之一.文章就犬冠状病毒感染的流行病学、发病机理、机体免疫、免疫程序和免疫预防进行了综述,特别是对犬冠状病毒病的免疫类型、疫苗种类以及免疫预防存在的问题进行了详细阐述.     

犬猫的冠状病毒病与“非典”无关

目前,提起“非典型性肺炎”令人紧张异常。由于报道说“人体中以前没有发现过冠状病毒”、“冠状病毒可能来源于动物”等说法,使养动物的人们感到困惑,已有许多犬、猫的主人打电话到中国农业大学动物医院,询问动物的冠状病毒事宜,在此,作为临床兽医工作者,我认为有必要将犬、猫的冠状病毒病与这次人的“非典”作个对比,并将犬、猫的冠状病毒病加以说明。 犬的冠状病毒病不是什么新病。至今为止,世界各国的犬冠状病毒仅感染犬,从来没有发生过感染犬的主人或者兽医的情况,这是不容置疑的事实。 犬的冠状病毒感染犬后引起犬的胃肠炎,特征包…     

犬冠状病毒病的防治

犬冠状病毒病在犬类饲养过程中比较常见。笔者主要对犬冠状病毒病进行研究,并分析冠状病毒特征,提出具体的防治措施,以期从根本上提高内蒙古赤峰市巴林左旗林东镇犬类饲养质量。     

犬冠状病毒病的诊断与防治措施

正犬冠状病毒病(Canine Coronavirus Disease,CCVD)是由犬冠状病毒(CCV)引起的一种多发性传染病,不同年龄的犬均可感染,该病对幼犬危害严重,发病率和死亡率都较高,是目前对养犬业危害较大的疾病之一。本文系统地对犬冠状病毒病的病原学、流行病学、诊断及防治措施等方面进行综述,以期为犬冠状病毒病的防控提供理论依据。     

浦东地区犬细小病毒与犬冠状病毒感染状况调查

犬细小病毒病和犬冠状病毒均能引起犬出血性肠炎的相似症状,临床上很难鉴别。本文从建立犬细小病毒和犬冠状病毒PCR检测方法入手,对336份临床病料进行病原学PCR检测,结果表明:犬细小病毒病的阳性率为55.71%,犬冠状病毒的阳性率为16.07%,二者混合感染率为4.76%。本文为犬细小病毒病和冠状病毒病快速诊断及防治提供了有效的技术支持。     

中西医结合治疗犬冠状病毒病

犬冠状病毒病是由犬冠状病毒引起犬急性胃肠炎的一种高度接触性传染病。近几年来,我区养犬业发展迅速,犬冠状病毒病日益流行,给养犬业带来很大的危害,犬不分品种、年龄、性别都可感染,若不及时治疗可引起死亡。笔者自2011年以来,先后收治多例冠状病毒感染的病例,并摸索出较为理想的综合治疗方法及预防措施,治愈率达98％。     

简述犬的冠状病毒病

当前出现的人类新型冠状病毒(COVID-19)病给整个社会生活和人民健康带来了巨大的影响。犬也会患冠状病毒病,犬冠状病毒病会不会传染给人呢?于此,就犬冠状病毒病做一个简要的论述。一、冠状病毒病的前世今生冠状病毒按病毒学分类属于尼多病毒目、冠状病毒科、冠状病毒亚科。之所以称为冠状病毒是因为其电镜外形类似皇冠样。     

Canine respiratory coronavirus: an emerging pathogen in the canine infectious respiratory disease complex.

Infectious respiratory disease in dogs is a constant challenge because of the involvement of several pathogens and environmental factors. Canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV) is a new coronavirus of dogs, which is widespread in North America, Japan, and several European countries. CRCoV has been associated with respiratory disease, particularly in kenneled dog populations. The virus is genetically and antigenically distinct from enteric canine coronavirus; therefore, specific tests are required for diagnosis.     

新冠疫情期间我国部分地区猫冠状病毒感染状况调查

旨在了解新冠疫情期间我国部分地区猫是否携带新型冠状病毒以及猫冠状病毒的感染状况。从我国14个城市的宠物医院收集表现呼吸道症状和或腹泻症状猫的鼻拭子和直肠拭子样品，提取样品中的总RNA，反转录后进行PCR检测，检测样品是否携带新型冠状病毒和猫冠状病毒核酸。结果显示，在收集的269只猫的鼻拭子和直肠拭子样品中没有检测到新型冠状病毒核酸，检测到35只猫携带猫冠状病毒。这些结果说明在新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间，上述14个城市宠物医院就诊猫未携带新型冠状病毒。     

An enteric coronavirus infection of cats and its relationship to feline infectious peritonitis

An enteric coronavirus that is antigenically closely related to feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) is ubiquitous in the cat population. This virus has been designated feline enteric coronavirus to differentiate it from FIPV. The virus is shed in the feces by many seropositive cats; in catteries it is a cause of inapparent to mildly severe enteritis in kittens 6 to 12 weeks of age. The virus may produce a more severe enteritis in young specific-pathogen-free kittens. Feline enteric coronavirus selectively infects the apical columnar epithelium of the intestinal villi, from the caudal part of the duodenum to the cecum. In severe infections, there are sloughing of the tips of the villi and villous atrophy. Many cats recovering from the disease remain carriers of the virus. Recovered cats, observed for 3 to 24 months, remained healthy and did not develop peritonitis, pleuritis, or granulomatous disease. The relationship of feline enteric coronavirus and FIPV was studied. Although the viruses were antigenically similar, they were distinctly different in their pathogenicities. The enteric coronavirus did not cause feline infectious peritonitis in coronavirus antibody-negative cats inoculated orally or intraperitoneally nor in coronavirus antibody-positive cats inoculated intraperitoneally or intratracheally. Serologic tests, using FIPV, canine coronavirus, and transmissible gastroenteritis virus of swine as substrate antigens in fluorescent antibody procedures may not accurately identify FIPV infection. These tests do not appear to distinguish between FIPV and this feline enteric coronavirus.     

Fatal outbreaks in dogs associated with pantropic canine coronavirus in France and Belgium

Infection with pantropic canine coronavirus was detected during outbreaks in France and Belgium. This was concurrent in most cases with canine parvovirus 2c. One outbreak was a deadly acute systemic disease with a single pantropic canine coronavirus infection. This is the first report of a fatality associated with pantropic canine coronavirus alone outside Italy.     

Swollen-head syndrome in broiler chickens

Swollen-head syndrome is a disease seen in broiler chickens between 4 and 6 weeks of age in Southern Africa. It appears to be caused by a mixed coronavirus and Escherichia coli infection. The coronavirus appears to be of a hitherto unrecorded serotype. The disease is controlled by an attenuated live-virus vaccine and antibacterial medication.     

Serologic evidence of coronavirus infection in New York and New England dairy cattle with winter dysentery.

Acute and convalescent sera were collected from 8 dairy herds with classic clinical features of winter dysentery. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure coronavirus antibody titers, employing calf diarrhea coronavirus as antigen. Twenty-two of the 35 animals tested (63%) showed a greater than or equal to 4-fold seroconversion. Adult cattle in all 8 herds seroconverted. These findings complement previously reported immunoperoxidase and electron microscopic evidence, suggesting an etiologic role for an enteric coronavirus in this disease.     

Association of diarrhea in cattle with torovirus infections on farms.

An epidemiologic survey was performed to determine the incidence of torovirus infections in 2 disease entities of cattle: diarrhea of replacement calves up to 2 months old, and winter dysentery of adult cattle. Samples were obtained from 187 diarrheal and 115 healthy calves from 15 farms, as well as 149 diarrheal and 67 healthy cows from 27 farms with or without winter dysentery. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for detection of torovirus, rotavirus, and coronavirus antigen in feces, and of torovirus and coronavirus antibodies in serum were used to monitor infections in these groups. Torovirus was detected in 9 of the 15 farms in the study, and in 6% of calves with diarrhea, which was significantly higher than in healthy calves (2%). Seroconversion to torovirus was found significantly more often after winter dysentery episodes than on farms without a disease history; coronavirus seroconversion was less common.     

Pathogenicity studies of feline coronavirus isolates 79-1146 and 79-1683

Two feline coronavirus isolates were characterized by their disease-causing potential in cats. The 79-1683 feline coronavirus isolate caused an inapparent-to-mild enteritis when given oronasally to specific-pathogen-free kittens and was not a cause of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). Target tissues for the virus were the mature apical epithelium of the small intestine, mesenteric lymph nodes, tonsils, thymus, and (to a lesser extent) the lungs. Inoculated kittens shed high numbers of virus in their feces for 14 to 17 days, but remained infectious to susceptible kittens for longer periods of time, as evidenced by contact-exposure studies. Because the 79-1683 isolate induced only enteritis, it was designated feline enteric coronavirus (FECV) 79-1683. The 79-1146 feline coronavirus isolate induced effusive abdominal FIP in specific-pathogen-free kittens after oronasal and intraperitoneal inoculation. Clinical signs of disease appeared within 12 to 14 days in almost all inoculated kittens. Because this isolate caused FIP, it was designated FIP virus (FIPV) 79-1146. Cross-protective immunity was not induced by the various coronavirus infections. Kittens preimmunized with the UCD strain of FECV (FECV-UCD) or with FECV-79-1683 were not immune to infection with FIPV-79-1146. Likewise, kittens previously inoculated with FECV-79-1683 were not immune to infection with FIPV-UCD1. In fact, preexisting heterologous FECV-79-1683 immunity often accelerated and enhanced the severity of disease caused by inoculation with FIPV-UCD1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)