银杏茎腐病的防治

介绍了防治银杏腐病Macrophomina phaseoli的方法。采用种子、土壤消毒，适时播种，遮荫保护，喷洒50％退菌特wp600倍、50％多菌灵wp800倍、70％甲基托布津wp1000倍液等措施可减轻该病的危害，使苗木存活率在90％以上。     

国外松枯梢病防治试验

对国外松枯梢病作施硼和药剂防治试验，晶体硼砂３０克／株的效果最好，平均防治效果８０．４％，其次是２；２：１００波尔多液为７６．５％，４０％多菌灵４００倍液为５９．３％，７０％甲基托布津４００倍液为５９％，营林措施防治效果为６５．８％－６６．２％。     

银杏枯梢病防治技术研究

采用化学防治、人工修剪病枝梢的方法进行银杏枯梢病防治研究,结果表明:选用25%多菌灵300倍、50%多菌灵500倍、70%甲基托布津800倍、K1 500倍、B3 500倍、惠满丰400倍液,对实生苗银杏和嫁接苗银杏进行防治,其防治效果最好是50%多菌灵、70%甲基托布津、70%甲基托布津与惠满丰混合液;其次是25%多菌灵;再次是K1、B3.人工修剪病枝梢,配合用50%多菌灵效果较好.防治后可使实生苗银杏、嫁接苗银杏发病率降低10.7%,2.65%;生长量得到提高,4年生实生苗银杏平均苗高、根径是对照区的1.79倍和1.23倍;苗木主干分岔率由41%降低到2.9%.化学防治的关键要抓住病原的初侵染期.     

猕猴桃果实霉斑病防治试验

采用不同药剂、不同防治时间和间隔期对猕猴桃果实霉斑病进行防治试验，结果表明：用75％百菌清(Chorothalcnil)和70％甲基托布津(Thiophanate-Methyl)800—1000倍液防治效果较好，施药间隔期75％百菌清和70％甲基托布津以12d、50％多菌灵(Carbendazin)以7d较为合理。     

国外松枯梢病防治试验

对国外松枯梢病Ｄｉｐｌｏｄｉａｐｉｎｅａ（Ｄｅｓｍ）Ｋｉｃｋｘ．作施硼和药剂防治试验，晶体硼砂３０克／株的效果最好，平均防治效果８０．４％。其次是２２１００波尔多液为７６．５％，４０％多菌灵４００倍液为５９．３％，７０％甲基托布津４００倍液为５９％。营林措施防治效果为６５．８％—６６．２％。     

樟树溃疡病综合防治研究

樟树溃疡病菌为弱寄生茵，主要从植株伤口和衰弱组织侵入。在防治上应采取以营林技术措施为基础，以减少创伤，提高植株抗病力为主的综合防治措施；即(1)选用健壮无病苗木；(2)选择土壤肥沃、湿润、深厚、排水良好的中性或微酸性土壤的林地造林；(3)避免植株机械损伤和日光灼伤；(4)在子囊孢子释放初期喷施70％甲基托布津1000倍液、40％多茵灵1000倍液、70％代森锰锌500倍液或等量式波尔多液等药剂保护；植株发病后和整枝伤口处，喷施70％甲基托布津1000倍液或40％多茵灵1000倍液等药剂。     

合欢枯萎病研究初报

济南市首次发生合欢枯萎病,初步鉴定其病原菌为镰刀菌Fusarium sp.。40％多菌灵胶悬剂800倍液、60％瑞毒锌500倍液、50％托布津500倍液防治有效。     

花椒褐斑病的初步研究：Ⅱ,发病规律和防治试验

花椒褐斑病菌(Cereospora zanthoxyli)以菌丝体、子座和分生孢子在病落叶上越冬,初侵染始于5月上、中旬,生长季有多次再侵染发生。药剂防治应在5月下旬进行,50％甲基托布津500倍和50％多菌灵800倍喷雾效果较好,全年喷药3～4次可控制为害。     

杂交竹枯梢病菌的室内杀菌剂筛选

为了筛选防治杂交竹枯梢病的有效药剂，以菌落生长法和孢子萌发率法测定和比较了12种常用杀菌剂对杂交竹枯梢病菌竹长喙壳菌Ceratosphaeria phyllostachydis Zhang TZ01菌株的毒力。试验结果表明：甲基托布津、多菌灵、代森锰锌、炭疽福关这4种杀菌剂对TZ01有较好的抑制作用，能极显著的抑制TZ01的菌丝生长，其EGn分别是1．265，3、567，4．569，26．450mg／L。另外筛选出的药剂对TZ01孢子的萌发均有较强的抑制作用，在EGn浓度下这4种药剂对TZ01孢子萌发的抑制百分率分别为59．5％，67．9％，54．8％，47．8％。综合菌丝生长抑制率和孢子萌发抑制率两方面评定，认为甲基托布津对病菌的抑制作用最强。但因为甲基托布津易引起病菌的抗药性因而在田间试验和推广应用时可与其它筛选出的3种杀菌剂轮换使用。     

高节竹梢枯病发生规律及防治试验

在掌握高节竹梢枯病Arenrinium phaeospermurn发生规律的基础上，对10种杀菌剂进行室内药效测定，选出的70％甲基托布津、50％多菌灵、80％402乳剂、40％异稻瘟净、20％粉锈宁等5种杀菌剂对暗孢节菱孢菌有较强的抑菌作用。野外防治试验表明，采用综合治理措施，防治效果可达88．2％。     

合欢溃疡病流行规律与综合防治技术研究

通过对合欢溃疡病危害症状、流行特点和发生规律开展详细调查研究,及8种药剂试验筛选,表明40％福美砷、50％福美双、70％甲基托布津和50％多菌灵治愈效果较好.通过刮除病斑后涂药和在病斑上直接涂药2种施药方法比较,前者取得更理想的防治效果,其中40％福美砷、70％甲基托布津100倍液药防治效果分别高出18.1％,10.4％.并实施营林综合防治方法,纯片林病害发生率最为严重,多行混交林带次之,单行纯林带较轻.     

番茄枝枯果病及其防治

番荔枝枯果病主要危害果实，造成果实干腐僵硬，发病株率100％。病原为豆英大茎点菌Macrophoma mame Hara．，病菌以菌丝体、分生孢子器在树上僵果中越冬，高湿对病菌侵入、发展、流行有利。及时摘除僵果，幼果初期喷洒70％甲基托布津wp750倍或75％百菌清500倍液可控制此病的危害。     

糖槭叶枯病发病规律及防治

糖槭叶枯病 Phyllosticta negundinis病菌孢子放散开始期和高峰期与每年的温、湿度变化有关。病害发生严重程度与降雨量关系密切 ,降雨早且量大时病害严重。病菌以分生孢子器和分生孢子在病叶上越冬 ,通过气流传播成为翌年初侵染源。喷洒 70 %甲基托布津可湿性粉剂 10 0 0倍液和 75%百菌清可湿性粉剂 80 0倍液均能收到较好的效果     

肉桂枝枯病的防治试验

于广东德庆县三叉顶林场肉桂林设试验小区对枝枯病及其媒介昆虫进行了化学防治试验。采用杀菌剂和杀虫剂单施或混施的方式。施用的农药扬甲基托布津，菌毒清，敌杀死，桂虫灵和敌敌畏。其中只有1%敌杀死粉剂防治枝枯病效果较好。达63.5%。     

火炬松枯梢病防治技术

火炬松枯梢病Sphaeropsis sapinea是为害火炬松Pinus taeda的毁灭性病害。该文通过剪枯梢、施肥和喷药相结合进行防治试验，结果表明：以前枯梢为主，结合施肥或喷50％多菌灵的防治措施效果较好，防治率88.6%。     

6种药剂对枸杞炭疽病的防治效果及其残留量的比较

为了筛选针对枸杞炭疽病的高效低残留农药,选用戊唑醇等6种药剂,就其药效及农药残留情况进行了田间比较试验。结果表明:施药后第7天,43%戊唑醇(SC)2 000倍液、40%氟硅唑(EC)6 000倍液、50%异菌脲(WP)1 000倍液、25%嘧菌酯(SC)1 000倍液、25%苯醚甲环唑(EC)1 000倍液和50%多菌灵(WP)500倍液对枸杞炭疽病的防治效果分别为97.00%、76.67%、69.33%、59.00%、56.00%和28.67%,施药后第10天的防治效果分别为92.50%、65.55%、47.41%、45.59%、45.44%和6.44%;戊唑醇的防治效果最好,氟硅唑次之。枸杞干果中戊唑醇的残留含量为2.60 mg·kg-1,低于最大残留限量;氟硅唑的残留含量为0.16 mg·kg~(-1),高于最大残留限量。6种试验药剂中只有戊唑醇符合高效低残留农药的筛选标准,可用于采果期枸杞炭疽病的防治。     

不同药剂对油茶炭疽病的防控效果

采用最常见的5种药剂(75%百菌清、50%多菌灵、50%代森锰锌、58%瑞森霉、70%扑菌清)对油茶炭疽病进行防治的结果表明:5种药剂都有一定的防治效果,其中,以50%多菌灵和70%扑菌清处理组的防治效果最佳,但5种药剂防治效果的持续性较差,建议适时采取第3次药剂喷洒。     

Planting stress, water status and non-structural carbohydrate concentrations in Corsican pine seedlings

Two-year-old Corsican pine (Pinus nigra ssp. laricio var. Corsicana) seedlings were either well watered or subjected to a moderate drought for one month before being lifted from the nursery bed on October 9 and transplanted. Well-watered, non-transplanted seedlings served as controls. Needle predawn water potential (Psi(wp)), non-structural carbohydrate concentrations and plant development (survival, bud break, shoot elongation) were assessed before and during the first growing season after transplanting. On April 16, just before bud break, Psi(wp) was lower for the well-watered + transplanted and drought-conditioned + transplanted seedlings (Psi(wp) = -1.45 and -1.83 MPa, respectively) than for the controls (Psi(wp) = -0.56). There was a close relationship between the Psi(wp) measured on April 16 and bud break, shoot elongation and plant survival during the following growing period. Above a Psi(wp) of -1.1 MPa, all plants developed normally. Between -1.1 MPa and -1.6 MPa, bud break, and thus shoot elongation, did not occur in all plants. Between -1.6 MPa and -2.1 MPa, the plants were characterized by the absence of shoot growth, but mortality was zero. Below -2.1 MPa, there was a large increase in plant mortality. On April 16, starch concentrations were markedly lower in the roots of transplanted seedlings than in the controls. There was a positive correlation between Psi(wp) and root starch concentration. The Psi(wp) (-2.3 MPa) at which complete starch depletion was observed in the roots corresponded to the Psi(wp) below which plants did not survive. These results suggest that mechanisms specifically linked to altered water status and metabolic processes associated with altered carbohydrate status are involved in transplanting stress; however, it was not possible to disentangle the two effects. Drought conditioning did not lead to a marked increase in soluble carbohydrate concentrations, as reported for other species, and did not increase plant tolerance to transplanting stress.     

Control of verticillium wilt in Cotinus coggygria

We analyzed the inhibition rates of eight kinds of fungicides to the pathogen of verticillium wilt of smoke tree (Cotinus coggygria) by measuring mycelium growth. Results show that four fungicides (Weijunjing, thiophanate-methyl 70% WP (wettable powder), carbendazim 50% WP and Junxianwei) have the best antifungal effects. Three fungicides, Weijunjing, carbendazim 50% WP and Junxianwei, were selected to determine the control of verticillium wilt in potted smoke tree seedlings. We found that the relative efficacy of Weijunjing was up to 74%. Based on the results, Weijunjing and carbendazim 50% WP were prepared for field trials. The results indicate that the relative efficacy of Weijunjing (300 times diluted) and carbendazim 50% WP (400 times diluted) were 66.2% and 48.9% in plot 1 and 26.4% and 31.8% in plot 2 after soil disinfection, and were 224% and 61.8% in plot 3 without soil disinfection in 2007. The relative efficacy of Weijunjing and carbendazim 50% WP were 49.6% and 45.4% in plot 2 in 2008.