薏苡仁的营养成分和生物活性研究进展

薏苡在我国广泛种植,是一种兼具营养与药用价值的两用作物。根据国内外发表的文献,综述了薏苡仁中主要营养成分和生物活性成分,证明薏苡仁在药物及保健食品等方面都具备深入开发的价值。     

薏米:一种缓和的滋补剂

薏米为一年生禾本科植物薏苡的种仁,又名薏苡仁、米仁、薏仁、水玉米、六谷米、药玉米、菩提珠等,原产于我国,是古老的药食皆佳的作物之一,主要分布于四川、福建、河北、辽宁、广东、海南等地。     

薏苡的高产栽培技术

薏苡(Coix lachryma-jobi L.)为禾本科一年生或多年生草本植物,不仅是一种经济价值较高的谷类作物和药用作物,还是一种较好的保健食品。近年,浙南、闽北山区农民利用旱地及零星园地单种或套种薏苡,面积不断扩大,据不完全统计,1992年泰顺县种植薏苡4000余亩,收种仁千余吨,销往国内外市场。薏苡以种仁入药,中药又称苡米、薏珠子、苡仁,根亦可药用。性味甘、淡、凉。具健脾渗……     

薏苡高产栽培技术

薏苡(Coja lachry—jobi L.)为禾本科一年生或多年生草本,是一种经济价值高的谷类作物和药用作物,还是一种良好的保健食品。在我国栽培历史悠久。近年来,浙南、闽北山区农民把种植薏苡作为一项致富门路,种植面积不断扩大。据不完全统计,1992年泰顺县种植薏苡4000余亩,收种仁千余吨,远销国内外市场。利用旱地及零星园地单种或套种薏苡,是山区优化种植业结构,提高经济效益的可行途径。 1 薏苡的主要作用薏苡是主要中药材之一,以种仁入药,中药又称苡米、薏珠子、苡仁,根亦供药用。性     

冷榨植物油营养功能性成分的研究进展

冷榨植物油中含有大量营养功能性成分,如植物甾醇、多酚、生育酚、角鲨烯和类胡萝卜素等。研究表明,植物甾醇具有降低胆固醇和预防心脑血管疾病等功效;生育酚在一定程度上可以作为天然抗氧化剂,具有抑制油脂过氧化的作用;角鲨烯可以活化机体细胞、促进血液循环;多酚具有预防冠心病等功能;类胡萝卜素具有调节免疫力、抗衰老等功能。针对不同冷榨植物油营养成分进行简要综述,旨在挖掘冷榨油潜在营养成分和功能性价值,为指导消费者合理用油提供科学依据。     

薏米营养及活性成分研究现状

薏苡为1年或多年生禾本科植物,其种仁——薏米的营养成分丰富,已被制成各种食品,如面包、饼干、速食粥,还有发酵产品,如薏米醋、薏米酒等;其活性成分也得到了广泛研究,对于肿瘤、糖尿病、高血压等疾病有良好疗效,还有助消化、镇痛、抗炎、清热消暑、美容等;因此薏米被誉为是药食兼用的"世界禾本科植物之王"。简述薏米均衡的营养成分、活性成分和其价值,以及薏米的加工现状和开发前景。     

柑橘功能性成分研究进展

柑橘中富含类黄酮、类柠檬苦素、类胡萝卜素等多种功能性成分,在功能食品和药品开发方面具有广阔的应用前景。本文概述了柑橘中的功能性成分并对近年来柑橘中主要功能性成分的提取和检测技术进展作一综述,以期为柑橘功能性成分提取及深度开发利用提供参考。     

薏苡氮磷钾养分吸收分配及利用特征

旨在为薏苡科学施肥及高产潜力挖掘提供理论依据。以4个薏苡品系为试验材料,于2018—2019年进行大田试验,分析其在不同生育时期氮磷钾(NPK)元素的吸收、分配及利用规律。结果表明,4个薏苡品系的全株总生物量干重在20.5~24.7 t/hm²,地上部分生物产量干重在18.4~22.6 t/hm²之间,但是籽粒产量相对偏低,产量为1969.2~3109.1 kg/hm²。从薏苡抽穗至籽粒成熟,整个植株对NPK元素的吸收和积累量均有增加;N元素在抽穗至扬花期主要分布在茎鞘和叶片,至完全成熟籽粒中N素积累及分配均高于其他部位,而PK元素则主要分配在茎鞘部位。薏苡植株总NPK的吸收量平均为183.93 kg/hm²、62.57 kg/hm²和320.56 kg/hm²,平均吸收比例为N: P: K=2.94: 1: 5.12。薏苡NPK元素的籽粒生产效率和收获指数相对偏低,每100 kg籽粒对NPK养分需求量分别为5.6~7.3 kg,1.7~2.4 kg,8.0~15.0 kg。4个薏苡品系整体物质累积能力强、生物量大,但籽粒对NPK吸收分配和利用效率相对较低,高产潜力的挖掘仍有很大的提升空间。     

中国薏苡的生态型、多样性及利用价值

通过对我国１７个省、市、区１０２份薏苡资源的形态学、生物学、农艺和品质性状鉴定，认为我国薏苡资源丰富多样，可分为南方、长江中下游和北方三个生态型。我国确是世界薏苡的重要起源地之一。我国薏苡多数品质优良，具有广阔的利用价值。     

贵州省主要农作物及其副产物资源调查与饲用价值评价研究

为了充分挖掘贵州省丰富的农作物副产物资源、缓解饲料资源短缺和加快推进农作物副产物综合利用,基于《贵州统计年鉴》（2006-2019年）及实地调查数据,开展贵州主要农作物（稻谷、小麦、玉米、大豆、甘蔗、花生、油菜、薏苡和荞麦）及其副产物资源调查,对收集到的部分农作物副产物的常规营养成分、消化能和相对饲用价值（RFV）进行综合评价。结果表明,在9种贵州主要农作物副产物中,小麦秸秆、薏苡秸秆和花生秸秆具有较高的粗蛋白含量（8.68%、8.52%和8.45%）、较低的酸性洗涤纤维（46.74%、40.63%和37.75%）和中性洗涤纤维含量（51.74%、46.37%和43.16%）,营养成分较好;油菜秸杆、花生秸秆和薏苡秸秆的消化能（分别为10.91、9.25和8.91MJ/kg）均显著优于其他6种农作物副产物;油菜秸秆、花生秸秆和稻草的RFV均显著高于其他6种农作物副产物,且RFV高于100（分别为148.65、110.34和102.68）。说明在贵州地区,油菜秸秆、花生秸秆和薏苡秸秆等农作物副产物相对利用价值较高。     

玉米种子萌发期抗旱性鉴定方法及不同杂交种抗旱性比较研究

用PEG-6000高渗溶液模拟土壤水分胁迫的方法,比较了培养介质、浸种时间对不同粒质量类型玉米种子发芽率的影响,并采用砂培不浸种方式,研究了黄淮海地区近几年审定的32个玉米杂交种萌发期的抗旱性。结果表明:不同类型的玉米品种,在纸培模式下20%PEG渗透胁迫处理的发芽率均低于或等于25%,远低于砂培模式。砂培模式下,不浸种处理的发芽率总体好于浸种24 h和48 h处理。砂培不浸种方式下,渗透胁迫处理不同程度地降低了32个玉米杂交种种子的发芽率;大多数品种初生根条数低于对照,胚芽长和胚根长均减小,胚芽长比胚根长减小的程度大,胚芽干质量显著降低。     

小麦胚芽营养价值分析及开发利用

小麦胚芽中含有丰富的脂肪和优质蛋白,而且含有多种功能性成分,具有抗氧化等作用。经过干热法、蒸汽法、微波法等稳定化处理后,小麦胚芽可以提取胚芽油、谷胱甘肽、麦胚凝集素,以及制作麦胚食品。主要介绍了小麦胚芽的营养价值,概述了小麦胚芽中功能成分的研究进展,探讨了小麦胚芽的综合利用。以期对小麦胚芽的产业化综合利用提供理论依据。     

Efficacy of gamma irradiation for protection against postharvest insect damage and microbial contamination of adlay

This study examines the protective effects of gamma irradiation against postharvest insect damage and microbial contamination and its effect on the nutritive value of adlay (Coix lacryma-jobi L.). Adlay was treated with doses of 0–20 kGy gamma irradiation and subsequently stored at ambient temperature. The number of insects, microbial quality and chemical properties of irradiated and non-irradiated adlay were evaluated immediately after treatment and after 6 months of storage. Before irradiation, total aerobic microbial counts ranged from 5.6 × 10² to 1.4 × 10⁵ CFU g⁻¹ and the mean total number of insects was 3.2 ± 2.1 per 100 g of polished kernel. Two kilograys was the lowest dose that provided 100% insect control. A radiation-resistant bacterium, Deinococcus radiodurans RC1, was found in 2 of 10 adlay samples. Four kilograys was a sufficient dose for Enterobacteriaceae inactivation, and 6 kGy was a sufficient dose for yeast and fungi inactivation. Twenty and 8 kGy sufficed for the inactivation of all mesophilic microbes in samples with and without D. radiodurans, separately. Moreover the moisture, ash, crude fiber, crude fat, crude protein and riboflavin content all remained constant. However, 8 kGy irradiation reduced vitamin B1 concentration by 24.2%, but did not measurably reduce the amount of amino acids, except methionine and cysteine. Fatty acid contents did not alter after 8 kGy irradiation, but changes were observed after the 6 months of storage. These changes caused by irradiation were no greater than those caused by the 6-month storage. Irradiation up to 8 kGy did not markedly increase the acid value, but did increase the peroxide value to 13% of the initial value right after irradiation. However, significant changes in acid value and peroxide value were noted after 6 months of storage both in non-irradiated and post-irradiated storage samples. Additionally, 8 kGy irradiation did not significantly change the adlay appearance. The improvement in the hygiene of this vital food source compensates for the small loss of some nutritional constituents. Hence 8 kGy of gamma irradiation can be used in cold decontamination of adlay to prolong shelf-life, to improve postharvest quality, and to reduce the risk of food-borne disease.     

香蕉成分及其保健功能研究进展

为了推动香蕉综合利用,促进香蕉产业可持续发展,笔者介绍了香蕉果肉、果皮、茎、叶、花等部位的主要营养物质,归纳了香蕉各部位活性成分,包括多糖、多酚、类胡萝卜素、儿茶酚胺等,综述了其在抗溃疡、治腹泻、降血糖、抗肿瘤、抗菌、抗抑郁、抗氧化等保健功能的研究进展。香蕉保健食品或药品的研发前景广阔,但国内在香蕉活性成分作用机理的研究相对薄弱,如香蕉多巴胺和凝集素等在医学上的应用研究。本研究可以为香蕉综合高效利用和保健品研发提供理论参考。     

枇杷的研究现状和应用前景

枇杷是我国一种产量居世界首位的水果,具有极高的食用价值和药用价值。枇杷的叶、花、果和核均可入药,然而由于化学成分不同,导致其药理各不相同。对枇杷各部分的药用价值、有效成分的药学原理以及经济学意义进行了综述,并就其应用前景进行了展望。     

The Research on Physiological Properties,Functional Ingredients,Development and Utilization of Allium mongolicum

Focusing on physiological properties,functional ingredients,development and utilization,this paper summarized the research progress of Allium mongolicum Regel and prospected its development outlook and trend. On the basis of that,it was recommended to further improve the cultivation techniques,to energetically develop deep processing technology,to develop its potential value,which would make Allium mongolicum Regel become an important resource for new vegetable and medicinal plant resources to promote the development of related industries of the western region according to local conditions,thereby stimulating regional economic development.     

Efficacy of gamma irradiation for protection against postharvest insect damage and microbial contamination of adlay

This study examines the protective effects of gamma irradiation against postharvest insect damage and microbial contamination and its effect on the nutritive value of adlay (Coix lacryma-jobi L.). Adlay was treated with doses of 0–20 kGy gamma irradiation and subsequently stored at ambient temperature. The number of insects, microbial quality and chemical properties of irradiated and non-irradiated adlay were evaluated immediately after treatment and after 6 months of storage. Before irradiation, total aerobic microbial counts ranged from 5.6 × 10² to 1.4 × 10⁵ CFU g⁻¹ and the mean total number of insects was 3.2 ± 2.1 per 100 g of polished kernel. Two kilograys was the lowest dose that provided 100% insect control. A radiation-resistant bacterium, Deinococcus radiodurans RC1, was found in 2 of 10 adlay samples. Four kilograys was a sufficient dose for Enterobacteriaceae inactivation, and 6 kGy was a sufficient dose for yeast and fungi inactivation. Twenty and 8 kGy sufficed for the inactivation of all mesophilic microbes in samples with and without D. radiodurans, separately. Moreover the moisture, ash, crude fiber, crude fat, crude protein and riboflavin content all remained constant. However, 8 kGy irradiation reduced vitamin B1 concentration by 24.2%, but did not measurably reduce the amount of amino acids, except methionine and cysteine. Fatty acid contents did not alter after 8 kGy irradiation, but changes were observed after the 6 months of storage. These changes caused by irradiation were no greater than those caused by the 6-month storage. Irradiation up to 8 kGy did not markedly increase the acid value, but did increase the peroxide value to 13% of the initial value right after irradiation. However, significant changes in acid value and peroxide value were noted after 6 months of storage both in non-irradiated and post-irradiated storage samples. Additionally, 8 kGy irradiation did not significantly change the adlay appearance. The improvement in the hygiene of this vital food source compensates for the small loss of some nutritional constituents. Hence 8 kGy of gamma irradiation can be used in cold decontamination of adlay to prolong shelf-life, to improve postharvest quality, and to reduce the risk of food-borne disease.     

石榴皮和石榴籽组分的差异性分析

以安徽省怀远县的石榴产品玉石籽的石榴皮和石榴籽为原料,研究其组分的差异性。结果表明,石榴籽中粗蛋白含量是石榴皮中的5倍,粗纤维含量是石榴皮的近10倍。石榴皮中可溶性糖含量高达37.8%,高出石榴籽近57%,游离氨基酸含量比石榴籽高35.83mg/100g,黄酮和生物碱等功能成分含量也均高于石榴籽。石榴籽主要含有常规成分,而石榴皮主要含有一些功能性成分。     

转基因抗虫棉种子品质性状的遗传效应及相关性分析

 采用二倍体种子数量性状遗传模型和统计分析方法,分析了陆地棉9个亲本和30个杂交组合的子指、种仁率、仁壳比、蛋白质含量、油分含量和棉酚含量等种子物理性状和营养品质性状的遗传效应、遗传率和遗传相关性。结果表明,所有棉子品质性状均受种子直接遗传效应和母体遗传效应的共同控制,种仁率还受到细胞质效应的影响。子指和仁壳比以母体显性效应为主,蛋白质含量以显性效应为主,油分含量和棉酚含量以母体加性效应为主。遗传相关性分析表明,棉子物理性状和营养品质性状间的显性遗传相关均达到极显著水平,其中子指与蛋白质含量呈极显著显性正相关,子指与油分含量和棉酚含量呈显性负相关。种仁率和仁壳比与3个棉子营养品质性状间的母体遗传相关均达到了极显著水平。