新疆榆牡蛎蚧的生物学特性及防治

榆牡蛎蚧在新疆库尔勒地区１ａ发生２代，以卵在雄蚧壳下越冬，翌年４月下旬孵化；６月中旬为第１代若虫发生期，８月下旬第２代开始产卵越冬。主要捕食性天敌有大草蛉、孪斑唇瓢虫，寄生性天敌有蚧蚜小蜂，雄成蚧被寄生率可达３０％。在果树休眠期或若虫出壳分散前，采用农业和药剂防治相结合，保护和利用天敌，可取得较好防治效果     

云南大理李树朝鲜球坚蚧发生情况及防治对策

2012—2019年,于云南大理对李树朝鲜球坚蚧发生为害情况及其生物学特性进行了调查。结果表明,在大理的李树上朝鲜球坚蚧1年发生1代,2月上旬雌雄虫分化,3月为雌虫为害高峰期,4月下旬至5月上旬为卵孵化盛期,5月中、下旬至10月上、中旬为1龄若虫期,约150 d;10月中、下旬若虫进入2龄,在11月中、下旬至翌年的1月以2龄若虫越冬。不同李树品种的受害情况不同,早熟品种受害较严重。提出冬春季修剪、人工防除及在2月下旬至3月上旬越冬若虫出蛰期至雌虫虫体膨大初期开展化学防治等防控措施。     

吐伦球坚蚧在杏树上的分布及抽样方法研究

为确定吐伦球坚蚧在杏树上的分布格局及其田间虫口数量估计的最佳抽样方法,以最近邻体法分别对吐伦球坚蚧越冬若虫、成虫和越夏若虫在杏树上的分布进行研究,并比较五点法、棋盘式、双对角线、Z字形、平行线5种抽样方法与总体平均数的差异显著性及各抽样方法的误差率。结果表明：吐伦球坚蚧越冬若虫、成虫和越夏若虫在杏树上的分布均为聚集型。Z字形抽样方法对田间吐伦球坚蚧越冬若虫和成虫进行抽样最可靠;越夏若虫以平行线抽样法最具代表性且最为可靠。     

苹果树球坚蚧、梨圆蚧识别与防治

近年来 ,三门峡市春季球坚蚧发生为害严重 ,削弱树势 ,影响春梢生长 ,秋季梨圆蚧发生为害严重 ,果面红斑累累 ,商品价值下降。1　球坚蚧 (朝鲜球坚蚧、日本球坚蚧 )、梨圆蚧的识别球坚蚧等 3种蚧壳虫的识别见表 1。2　防治方法介壳虫因有较厚的蜡质保护 ,难以防治 ,必须抓住两个关键时期进行防治 ,才能取得较为理想的效果。一是 3月中旬 ,越冬若虫开始活动之时 ,二是 5月中、下旬卵孵盛期 ,至二龄若虫固定分泌蜡质之前。1 )人工防治 :冬季剪除有虫枝条 ,或刷除越冬幼虫 ,或雌成虫产卵以前刮除虫体。2 )保护天敌 :梨圆蚧天敌有 50多种。捕食…     

赣南地区湿地松粉蚧生物学特性研究

对赣南地区湿地松粉蚧生物学特性和生活史进行观测,湿地松粉蚧在赣南地区1年发生4代,以1龄若虫聚集在老针叶的叶鞘内或叶鞘层之间越冬,次年3月开始活动,卵期9~19 d,若虫期22~34 d,越冬代若虫期136~176 d,成虫分有翅型雄成虫、无翅型雄成虫和雌成虫3种,雄成虫生命极短,虫期不到1星期,雌成虫虫期24~37 d。     

防治梨树蝽蟓措施

危害梨树的蝽象主要有梨蝽象、臭本蝽象和梨花网蝽等３种。梨蝽象和奥木蝽象均一年发生１代，而梨花网蝽一年可发生３～４代．其共同特点部是在春季梨树萌芽、展叶后，越冬若虫或成虫集中于叶背和枝条上吸食汁液，造成危害。春季是防治梨树蝽象的重要时期。１、清洁梨园：冬春彻底清除梨园内的枯枝落叶，清除果园中杂草．２、人工防治；在春梨树萌芽前，刮刷梨树枝干的粗皮裂缝．收集枝干碎皮和越冬若虫，集中烧毁。３、药剂防治：喷药时期应在蝽象的若虫期：梨蝽可在嫩梢发育至５～１０ｃｍ时喷药；臭木蝽应在若虫孵化期连续喷药；梨花网蝽…     

大豆根绒粉蚧在北安市大面积发生

2000年6月初，黑龙江省北安市大面积发生大豆根绒粉蚧(Eriococcussp.)，发生面积达7000hm2以上，每株大豆的粉蚧若虫多达30～40头。以雌成、若虫剌吸大豆根部，使主根呈灰黑色，严重影响生长发育。为害严重时，大豆叶片枯，不能正常结荚。　　大豆根绒粉蚧属同翅目，粉蚧科。雌成虫体长3.5～4.0mm，椭圆形，背部隆起，紫褐色，腹部棕红色，体节凹陷，有白色蜡粉。初孵若虫红色，腹部末端有两条较长的白蜡毛。1a发生3代，以卵在卵囊内于土中或附于根部越冬。第一代主要为害小蓟、小旋花，第二、第三代为害大豆。　　大豆根绒粉蚧一般只在1棵…     

防治龟蜡蚧四法

龟蜡蚧ＣｅｒｏｐｌａｓｔｅｓｆｌｏｒｉｄｅｎｓｉｓＣｏｍｓｔｏｃｋ又名龟甲蚧,主要危害法国梧桐,大叶黄杨、枣、柿、石榴等。此虫１年发生１代,以受精雌虫在枝条上越冬。其危害特点：以若虫及雌成虫固定在枝条上吸食枝叶汁液。由于该虫排泄物布满枝叶,易引起煤污...     

玉米耕葵粉蚧首次在平山县危害成灾

玉米耕葵粉蚧首次在平山县危害成灾玉米耕葵粉蚧以若虫在土中越冬，在我县过去从未造成过明显的危害，１９９３年此虫在回舍、古月镇、孟贤壁等乡（镇）玉米田危害成灾。发生面积达１２０００亩，受害毁种５００亩，绝收１２００田。７月１５日－９月２５日在回舍镇东望楼...     

梨枝圆盾蚧发生规律观察及防治试验

梨枝圆盾蚧在陕西省苹果园1a发生3代。主要为害时期:越冬代为4～6月,第一代6～8月,第二代8～10月。此虫主要为害苹果树枝条,而以为害果实造成的经济损失最大。防治上应重点抓好冬春修剪有虫枝条,以及果树发芽前、开花前和果实套袋前的化学防治。     

麦双尾蚜种群动态及天敌的作用

作者根据新疆塔城麦田的系统调查资料,探讨了麦双尾蚜Diuraphis noaxia Mordvilko及其天敌种群动态,应用相关分析和通径分析方法,寻找影响麦双尾蚜数量变动的关键天敌种类。结果表明,麦双尾蚜在麦田为聚集分布;影响冬麦田麦双尾蚜数量的天敌主要有七星瓢虫Coccinella septempunctata、意大利豹蛛Pardosa italica等;影响春麦田麦双尾蚜数量的天敌主要有白足蚜小蜂Aphelinus albipodus、燕麦蚜茧蜂Aphidius picipes和环足灰斑腹蝇Leucopis annulipes等。     

麦茎蜂发生情况及其天敌调查初报

对甘肃、青海地区春、冬小麦麦茎蜂及其天敌发生情况进行调查,发现灰翅麦茎蜂(Cephus fumipennis Eversmann)在甘肃地区的平均危害率为7.9%,在青海地区平均危害率为12.5%。调查发现,灰翅麦茎蜂天敌以镜面茎姬蜂(Collyria catoptron Wahl)为优势种,甘肃地区天敌寄生率为9.6%,青海地区仅为1.6%。有针对性地对麦茎蜂的发生原因进行了分析,提出了以天敌保护利用、抗虫育种为主的综合防治措施。     

生态调控对东亚飞蝗的控制作用研究

东亚飞蝗的成活率,在野生植物中以取食荻和稗者最高,在栽培作物中以取食小麦、玉米最高。生殖力,在野生植物中以取食食狗芽牙根最强,在栽培作物中以取食高粱最强。据此,应用以植被改造为主的生态调控技术,可以形成不利东亚飞蝗的发生、繁衍,而有利天敌繁衍和觅食的生态环境,从而抑制东亚飞蝗的发生。生态控制区在战略上还对飞蝗的迁移起到了隔离作用,但种植棉花、苜蓿、冬枣等不同作物的生态控制区的控蝗效果有一定差异。     

柑橘蚜虫及天敌生态位的研究

通过研究分析柑橘蚜虫及其天敌在柑橘春梢期的生态位格局，探讨了柑橘蚜虫种群间的共存竞争机制，评价了柑橘蚜虫主要天敌的自然控制效应。     

湖南丘陵桔园间种藿香蓟对桔树螨类和昆虫的影响

作者评价了湖南丘陵桔园间种藿香蓟对桔树螨类和昆虫的影响。桔园间种藿香蓟、免耕蓄草能改善桔园的小生境,提高桔园夏季相对湿度和冬季温度,降低夏季树冠和土壤温度,创造一个有利于天敌生存的良好环境;能提供钝绥螨的交替食料和栖息、产卵场所;能控制柑桔全爪螨的秋季为害,减轻柑桔全爪螨的春季为害和柑桔潜叶蛾的为害,但加重了柑桔花蕾蛆和天牛类害虫的为害。能提高树体的抗旱和抗寒能力,改善土壤结构,增加土壤肥力,提高柑桔品质和产量,降低防治费用。文中还评价了防治策略、灌溉方式和藿香蓟的长势等因素对间种藿香蓟控制柑桔全爪螨的作用。     

助迁、保护捕食性天敌控制桔全爪螨

报道了生防园和常规化学防治园中桔全爪螨及其主要天敌的种群数量动态。在春季助迁尼氏钝绥螨补充自然天敌数量的不足，结合其他天敌的作用，使试验期间生防园中桔全爪螨种群数量得到控制。而在常规化学防治园中，桔全爪螨密度大大高于生防园     

Winter wheat pests and their natural enemies under organic farming system in Slovakia: Effect of ploughing and previous crop

Organic farming system of winter wheat was investigated in Solvakia over three years, 1995–1997. The system was carried out on a small scale (four plots of 50 m²). Neither pesticides nor inorganic fertilisers were applied. Effect of two treatments, ploughing and previous crop, on the community of pests and natural enemies was surveyed. There were two types of ploughing (shallow and deep) made in autumn before sowing. As previous crops, silage-maize and alfalfa were used each season. The effect of all factors was analysed by multivariate method, redundancy analysis (RDA) and Monte Carlo permutation to assess statistical significance. During three years, 37 taxons of pests and 27 taxons of natural enemies were recorded. The results of RDA showed that the community of insects (pests and natural enemies) was mainly influenced by temporal variation. The highest abundance of all insects was observed in 1996. The effect of the two treatments on the community of pests and natural enemies was less obvious. Pests were found to be significantly more influenced by ploughingthan by previous crop. Most of pests occurred more abundantly on plots with shallow ploughing and on plots after maize. Abundance of natural enemies were, however, significantly affected by previous crop. Majority of them were more abundant on plots after maize than after alfalfa. Ploughing had only marginally significant effect on natural enemies that were more abundant on shallow ploughed plots. Both ploughing and previous crop had only negligible effect on species diversity of natural enemies.     

Winter wheat pests and their natural enemies under organic farming system in Slovakia: Effect of ploughing and previous crop

Organic farming system of winter wheat was investigated in Solvakia over three years, 1995–1997. The system was carried out on a small scale (four plots of 50 m²). Neither pesticides nor inorganic fertilisers were applied. Effect of two treatments, ploughing and previous crop, on the community of pests and natural enemies was surveyed. There were two types of ploughing (shallow and deep) made in autumn before sowing. As previous crops, silage-maize and alfalfa were used each season. The effect of all factors was analysed by multivariate method, redundancy analysis (RDA) and Monte Carlo permutation to assess statistical significance. During three years, 37 taxons of pests and 27 taxons of natural enemies were recorded. The results of RDA showed that the community of insects (pests and natural enemies) was mainly influenced by temporal variation. The highest abundance of all insects was observed in 1996. The effect of the two treatments on the community of pests and natural enemies was less obvious. Pests were found to be significantly more influenced by ploughingthan by previous crop. Most of pests occurred more abundantly on plots with shallow ploughing and on plots after maize. Abundance of natural enemies were, however, significantly affected by previous crop. Majority of them were more abundant on plots after maize than after alfalfa. Ploughing had only marginally significant effect on natural enemies that were more abundant on shallow ploughed plots. Both ploughing and previous crop had only negligible effect on species diversity of natural enemies.     

柑桔园矢尖蚧化学防治策略

1995～1998年对柑桔的矢尖阶重发园、一般发生园和始发园等不同为害程度的柑桔园的化学防治技术进行了比较详细的研究。建议重发园防治矢尖阶实行春季越冬代 第1代防治法，一般发生园实行第1代1次防治法，始发园实行根治法。一般发生园的防治指标是越冬代雌成虫基数超过冬季1头/梢或春季0.5头/梢，低于该指标的轻发园天敌就能自然控制矢尖蚧。春季越冬代宜用松脂合剂8～10倍防治，第1代1龄若虫峰末期宜用40%速扑杀EC或40%氧乐果EC1500倍 95%机油乳剂100倍或25%扑虱灵WP1500倍防治。     

稻棉轮作对棉红蜘蛛控制作用的研究

稻棉轮作棉田因轮种水稻使红蜘蛛越冬的土壤和寄主杂草环境受到严重破坏，减少了红蜘蛛的越冬基数及早春活动繁殖场所，推迟了进入棉田为害的时间，并促进棉田中天敌数量的增加。从而有效地控制了轮作棉田红蜘蛛的发生危害，减少了防治棉田红蜘蛛的用药次数。