低Froude数新型消能尾坎数值模拟研究

低佛氏数水流在下挖式消力池的消能不充分,一般采用在消力池尾坎处增设消力坎形成综合式消力池,从而增加消力池内的消能率。针对新集水利枢纽工程综合式消力池的消力坎体型设计对消力池消能率的影响,基于Flow3D对不同形式的消力坎进行了数值计算,给出了Fr2.0时的综合式消力池的体型设计形式,提出一种新型消能尾坎,这种齿形消力坎对增加消力池消能率具有重要作用。     

台江电站戽面流消能的水力设计

提出了适用于低佛氏数大流量水流的戽面流消能方式，为类似工程的消能提供了新的设计思路。并通过模型试验验证，设计计算成果与试验结果相符合，认为本工程中采用戽面流消能方式具有明显的经济性、实用性、合理性。     

新洲举水橡胶坝的泄水闸设计

新洲举水橡胶坝坝高和跨度均较大，为了管理方便，在坝左侧设计一孔泄水闸。由于闸上下游水头差较大，下游水深较浅，消能防冲问题较为突出。介绍了新洲举水橡胶坝的总体布置，并从底板高程和孔口尺寸确定消能防冲计算及闸门设计等方面讨论了泄水闸设计特点。     

T型墩联合消力戽消能工的应用

坝上水电站大坝溢洪道由于受特殊的地形地质限制，以及大流量、弱水跃、坝后式电站枢纽布置紧凑等问题，使大坝泄洪消能设计复杂。经分析计算及水工模型试验，设置了T型墩+消力戽联合消能工。经五年多的运行泄洪消能验证，戽内消能充分，下游河床及两岸均未发现明显冲刷，证明了T型墩+消力戽联合消能工对低弗氏数的中低坝的消能效果是比较理想的。     

消能坎水力计算的可靠性分析

为了消除传统消能坎水力计算方法的不足，根据可靠性理论对消能坎的水力计算进行了研究，其水力计算准则是泄水建筑物下游形成低淹没度水跃。利用低淹没度水跃保证率的概念，使用一次二阶矩计算方法，对消能坎的水力计算提出了简单可行的方法。改进了传统的确定性设计。     

计算消力池深度的一种新方法

为了寻求计算消力地深度的简单方法,从底流的消能负荷出发,导出了计算消力池深度的理论公式,并将其拟合成计算简便的实用公式,与传统的计算方法相比,该法无须进行繁琐的试算,计算简捷,精度可达设计要求。     

旁侧溢洪道消能新构思

阐述了双层散流式消能工的工作原理、水流特性和水力计算方法。该新型消能工吸收了国内外对撞消能、倒悬、扩散等异形鼻坎的优点，特别适合于狭窄河谷、水舌落水点难以控制及河道转弯等不利地形的下游消能防冲设计工程，该消能工与等宽挑流相比，冲刷深度可降低一个数量级，与斜切扩散坎等新型挑流消能工相比，仍可减少冲刷５０％，甚至可以做到不冲刷，关于双层散流式消能工的报导，国内外未见有关研究资料。     

旁侧溢洪道消能新构思

阐述了双层散流工消能工的工作原理，水流特性和水力计算方法，该新型消能工吸收了国内外对撞消能、倒悬、扩散等异形鼻坎的优点，特别适合于狭窄河谷、水舌落水点难以控制及河道转弯等不利地形的下游消能防冲设计工程，该消能工与等宽挑流相比，冲刷深度可降低一个数量级，与斜切扩散坎等新型挑流消能工相比，仍可减少冲刷５０％，甚至可以做到不冲刷，关于双层散流式消能工的报导，国内外未见有关研究资料。     

低水头水闸不护底消力池消能防冲研究

传统的低水头水闸消能防冲设计多采用护底消力池进行底流消能。对于某些地质条件良好的低水头水闸,可直接利用开挖后的基岩作为消力池底板而不进行护底。以幸福堰拦河水闸不护底消力池为研究对象,结合水力学计算,选用Flow-3D RNG湍流模型,采用VOF法对消力池流场进行三维数值模拟。结果表明:数值模拟结果与水力学计算基本吻合,消力池内最大流速小于基岩抗冲流速,验证了该水闸采用非护底消力池消能的科学合理性。成果可为同类低水头水闸消能工程提供设计支撑与参考。     

九洲江软基上水闸工程设计特点

从沿海岸水闸的工程设计出发,针对九洲江软基河床防冲能力和承载能力低的实际情况,对原有水闸基础处理不妥进行改建过程中,在注重总体布置合理、紧凑、上、下、左、右互相协调,造型美观、雄伟的同时,切合实际地选取了闸下游水位～流量关系曲线和消能工的形式。以营仔河水闸实例工程设计为背景,提出较为具体的水力计算方法、基础处理与防渗、消能工等设计方法,并与水工模型试验比较,所设计的消能工消能率达到７０％～８７％,     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

农村剩余劳动力就业问题的探讨

论述了我国农村剩余劳动力就业的意义，并针对我国农村剩余劳动力的现状，提出多渠道促进农村剩余劳动力就业的途径和办法。     

车用发动机润滑油失效规律与更换周期研究

研究在正常使用条件下１０Ｗ／３０－ＱＣ级润滑油用于某型车用发动机时所表现的失效规律,确认期服从两参数Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ分布,并给出分布的尺度参数η和形状参数ｍ之最佳线性无偏估计（ＢＬＵＥ）同时,还为定量分析,计算车用发动机润滑油的使用可靠性和合理确定其更换周期提供了一套可供借鉴的方法,并给出了具体的计算实例。     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

乡（镇）农业技术推广体系存在的问题及对策

乡（镇）农技推广体系是农业发展的关键。介绍朝阳市农业技术推广体系的现状,针对目前体制及运行机制、服务手段等方面存在的问题,提出适合朝阳市乡（镇）农技推广体系改革与发展的对策,以期对全省农技推广体系改革和发展起到一些借鉴作用。     

草莓的采收与贮藏

草莓果味酸甜爽口,营养价值高,为人们所喜爱的应市鲜果之一。由于草莓易受损伤和微生物侵染,因此其采收、贮藏过程极为重要。介绍草莓采收过程中的注意事项以及11种贮藏保鲜技术的实施步骤和操作方法,推介9种加工方式,为草莓产业化提供技术支持。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。