ICP法测定补锌后仔猪血清中锌、铜和铁含量及其变化分析

将40头仔猪分为5组,并在仔猪日粮中补充80、240、1000、3000、5000mg/kg锌,研究日粮补锌对仔猪血清锌、铜、铁的影响;血清样品采用湿法消解,利用ICP法分析测定仔猪补锌后血清中锌、铜和铁含量。研究结果显示:ICP法简便、快速、准确度高,适于大批量的样品分析;仔猪补锌后血清锌含量随日粮增加而升高(P<0.05),高锌1000、3000和5000mg/kg对血清铜、铁含量有显著抑制作用(P<0.05)。     

IPC法测定补锌后仔猪血清中锌、铜和铁含量及其变化分析

将40头仔猪分为5组,并在仔猪日粮中补充80、240、1000、3000、5000mg/kg锌,研究日粮补锌对仔猪血清锌、铜、铁的影响;血清样品采用湿法消解,利用ICP法分析测定仔猪补锌后血清中锌、铜和铁含量。研究结果显示:ICP法简便、快速、准确度高,适于大批量的样品分析;仔猪补锌后血清锌含量随日粮增加而升高(P<0.05),高锌1000、3000和5000mg/kg对血清铜、铁含量有显著抑制作用(P<0.05)。     

酒糟菌糠中五种微量元素的含量测定

目的:研究酒糟菌糠中微量元素的含量,为酒糟菌糠的合理利用提供理论依据。方法:采用火焰原子吸收光谱法对茶树菇菌糠(出菇)、茶树菇菌糠(未出菇)、鸡腿菇菌糠(未出菇)及酒糟中锌、铜、锰、铬、铁的含量进行测定分析。结果:三种酒糟菌糠的铁含量均低于酒糟,锌含量均高于酒糟。茶树菇菌糠(出菇)的锌、铜、铁含量均高于茶树菇菌糠(未出菇)。鸡腿菇(未出菇)的铜、锰、铬、铁含量均高于茶树菇菌糠(未出菇)。结论:三种酒糟菌糠中含有丰富的动物必需的矿物质元素。     

大口黑鲈幼鱼对饲料中锰的需求量

为确定大口黑鲈幼鱼对饲料中锰的需求量,在含锰5.2 mg/kg的半精制饲料中分别添加0、4、8、16、32和64 mg/kg锰(以MnSO₄·H₂O形式),制成6种不同锰水平的饲料(5.2、9.6、13.5、20.7、 38.3和67.9 mg/kg),投喂初始体重(16.00±0.07) g的大口黑鲈幼鱼10周。结果显示,在基础饲料中添加锰,可显著提高大口黑鲈幼鱼的增重率,降低饲料系数,各组增重率与饲料系数在锰含量达到13.5 mg/kg后基本稳定。随饲料中锰含量的增加,血清T-SOD、Mn-SOD活性和全鱼、脊椎骨中的锰含量上升,并在饲料锰含量达到20.7mg/kg后趋于稳定,而血清丙二醛含量则表现为下降的趋势。全鱼铁、骨铁、骨锌和全鱼锰沉积率随饲料锰含量的增加而下降。研究表明,在半精制饲料中补充锰可以促进大口黑鲈幼鱼生长、提高饲料利用率、血清抗氧化能力、全鱼和骨锰的沉积。以增重率、饲料系数、全鱼锰和骨锰为评价指标,经折线回归分析,大口黑鲈幼鱼对饲料中锰的需求量分别为18.3、20.5、21.1和23.4 mg/kg干物质。     

日粮铁对草鱼生长、营养成分和部分血液指标的影响

选用(7.12±0.22)g的草鱼(Cenopharyngodon idellus)鱼种,分别在纯化日粮中添加铁0,100,200,300,400,500 mg/kg,进行为期78 d的生长试验以考察铁对草鱼生长性能、营养成分和部分血液指标的影响。试验结果显示,日粮中添加铁对草鱼的生长、体成分和血红蛋白和红血细胞数目等都有显著影响。日粮中添加铁300 mg/kg时,草鱼增重率、特定生长率、饲料效率、蛋白质效率比、蛋白沉积效率达最大值;体蛋白和肌肉蛋白含量高,脂肪含量低,灰分含量高;血红蛋白和红血细胞均达最高水平。结果说明:草鱼纯化日粮中铁的适宜添加量为300 mg/kg。     

饲粮中硫酸镁添加量对肥育猪便秘及生产性能的影响

通过对中西部山区２万多农户养猪情况的 调查了解,有６０％以上的肥育猪发生不同程度的便秘,严 重影响了正常的生长及饲料报酬。为此,我们在其日粮中 添加不同水平的硫酸镁来观察其生产便秘情况及生产性 能。其结果表明在已发生便秘的５个试验组中日粮添加 ４００·１０－６的硫酸镁可完全控制便秘。在新购进的５个试验 组猪群中以添加４００·１０－６的硫酸镁而不出现便秘现象,且 增重效果最高、饲料报酬最高。     

如何实现低碳养猪

<正>低碳养猪要求养猪业走低能耗、低污染、低排放、高效益的产业发展之路,实现养猪生产与环境保护的协调统一。如何实现低碳养猪,是畜牧业当前乃至今后较长时间研究的重要课题。实现低碳养猪降低环境污染,从技术上看要做到以下几点:1高效日粮配方,提高饲料利用率根据国内先进的饲养标准,遵循营养全价平衡,以理想蛋白模式和可消化氨基酸含量为基础设计饲料配     

乌鳢肌肉营养成分分析

本文分析了乌鳢肌肉常规营养成分 (蛋白质、脂肪、水分、灰分、钙和磷 )的含量。同时对其蛋白质的17种氨基酸和肌肉中的主要微量元素铁、铜、锰、锌进行了测定。通过与其它鱼类营养成分的比较 ,表明乌鳢是一种营养价值较高的经济鱼类。     

改善饲料色氨酸质量的措施

本文综述了饲料和家畜饲养中有关色氨酸利用的相关知识。从分析常用饲料原料中色氨酸含量及其可消化性、影响饲料色氨酸质和量的因素等入手,提出了改善饲料色氨酸质量的措施:适时收获,用物理、化学、生物学等方法对饲料原料进行加工处理,合理配合日粮,饲料添加剂的使用等。     

南亚热带水库消落带土壤主要金属元素流失及其对沉积物磷释放的影响

磷从陆地向水体迁移以及沉积物内源磷的释放是水体富营养化的主要过程。南亚热带地区土壤富含铁,铁结合态磷是该地区土壤和沉积物中磷的重要组成部分,铁与磷的相互关系可能在该地区水体富营养化中扮演关键角色。本文比较了中国南亚热带地区31座大型水库消落带裸露土壤、表层沉积物和水体中的磷和主要金属元素(Al、Ca、Fe和Mn)含量或浓度。结果显示：沉积物与消落带土壤中各元素含量的比值依次为Mn>P>Fe>1>Al>Ca,与土壤铁和锰高的流失率相比,铝和钙基本无流失作用,铁和锰从流域土壤向水体和沉积物迁移可能是华南地区水体铁锰超标的重要原因。水库消落带土壤和表层沉积物总磷与铁含量显著正相关(p<0.05),且沉积物铁结合态磷含量占总磷的百分比显著高于土壤(p<0.05)。表明磷主要与流域土壤中的铁结合并共同迁移、沉降,最终汇入沉积物中。当Fe：P>70时,水体磷浓度基本低于20μg/L,水库处于中营养状态,表明表层沉积物中的铁能吸附水体磷并抑制磷释放,此时沉积物是磷的“汇”。当Fe：P<70,总磷含量与铁含量之间无显著相关性,水体磷浓度与沉积物铁磷比显著负相关( p<0.05),表明这些水库沉积物中铁对磷的吸附可能已开始饱和。暗示沉积物铁磷质量比为70可能是南亚热带水库沉积物开始由磷汇向磷源转化的关键阈值。     

Comparative Net Absorption of Chelated and Inorganic Trace Minerals in Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus Diets

Coefficients of net absorption for copper, iron, manganese, selenium, and zinc were determined for chelated sources (copper proteinate, iron proteinate, manganese proteinate, selenium proteinate, zinc proteinate) and inorganic sources (copper sulfate pentahydrate, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, manganese sulfate monohydrate, sodium selenite, zinc sulfate hep-tahydrate) of these elements with channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus . Fish weighing approximately 60 g were placed into 40-L aquaria (12 fish/aquarium) at a temperature of 28 f 2 C and fed either an egg white-based, purified diet or a soybean meal-based, practical diet with and without the test mineral sources for 6 wk then killed and feces collected from the hindgut. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Absorption coefficients for the elements in the basal and mineral supplemented diets were calculated by the indirect indicator (chromic oxide) method and corrected for residual amounts of element in the basal diets. Net absorption of the chelated minerals was significantly higher ( p < 0.05) than net absorption of the inorganic minerals in both basal diets. Average percentage improvement in net absorption of chelated minerals over inorganic minerals was 39.3% in the purified diets and 81.1% in the practical diets. These results may indicate that appreciably lower amounts of chelated trace minerals than inorganic trace minerals can be used as supplements in catfish feeds.     

Distinct regional profiles of trace element content in muscle of Japanese eel Anguilla japonica from Japan, Taiwan, and China

Trace element distribution patterns were examined in Japanese eel from five Asian regions for the purpose of identifying the elements and patterns that could be used to determine provenance. Distinctive patterns were found in eels from the Japanese prefectures of Miyazaki, Kagawa, and Shizuoka, and from Taiwan and China. The levels of six trace elements, selenium, mercury, copper, manganese, zinc, and arsenic, in muscle tissue varied among eels of different origins, and factorial analysis of the elemental patterns showed that Factor 1 was attributable to selenium and mercury levels and Factor 2 to zinc and copper levels. Multivariate analysis showed that the patterns of elemental composition in fish muscle were mainly differentiated by these two factors.     

Macro and Micro Mineral Levels in the Tissues of Menhaden Fish

Various tissues of menhaden fish were analyzed for macro and micro minerals. Tissues selected were gill, heart, intestine, kidney, liver, muscle, spleen, and stomach. Phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, sodium, manganese, and zinc were found to be most concentrated in the gill. Potassium, iron, and boron were least concentrated in the gill. Liver contained the highest concentration of copper, selenium and boron. The stomach was the highest in potassium and lowest in phosphorus. Sodium and selenium concentrations were lowest in the muscle. Mercury concentrations were approximately 2 mg/g dry matter in all tissues     

Heavy metals removal from influents to prevent mortality in salmon fry

The concentration of heavy metals in water, above certain values, threaten industrial salmon production and have occurred in two of the most important salmon producers, Norway and Chile. Aluminum and iron are two of the main heavy metals found in fresh water of the salmon industry, although manganese, zinc and copper have also been detected. In Chile, an experimental study found a solution to remove aluminum, iron and manganese. The present works studies copper and zinc removal by ionic exchange using AMBERLITE IRC747. The resin's removal capacity is 0.025 meq/g and does not depend on the solution's pH. An ionic exchange column was designed and continuously operated to remove copper and zinc from concentrations equal to 1000 μg/L of each metal. Then, the column was modularly operated with an aluminum, iron and manganese abatement system removing them by precipitation, oxidation (for iron and manganese) and granular filtration. When operating the modular system, the final aluminum, copper, iron, manganese, and zinc concentrations were 0.1, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 0.3 μg/L, respectively. As a result, the system implemented obtained values below the maximum limits allowed for aluminum, iron, manganese, copper and zinc.     

Effect of sediment on growth and survival of post-larval Litopenaeus stylirostris (Boone, 1931)

The sediments from four areas that are used or will be used for shrimp culture were evaluated for their effect on post‐larvae growth of Litopenaeus stylirostris. Texture, organic matter, total, and bio‐available fraction of phosphorus, manganese, iron, zinc, copper, and cadmium of the sediments were measured. A positive significant correlation was obtained between total and bio‐available concentrations of iron, cadmium, and manganese, but not for copper, phosphorus, or zinc. Significant differences in final weight, survival rates, and shrimp yield were obtained among treatments. The highest survival rates were obtained with sediments that had the highest manganese levels. This survival high rate was significantly correlated with total manganese content of the sediment (r=0.92). The highest final weight were obtained in treatments with sediments containing higher levels of phosphorus, which was reinforced by a significant positive correlation between final weight and total and bio‐available phosphorus (r=0.94 and 0.95 respectively), while final weight seems adversely affected by high concentrations of copper (r=?0.83) in the sediment. Texture of the sediment influenced shrimp yield, with lower values for sandy sediments relative to silty sediments.     

Control of bacterial kidney disease in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., by dietary modification

Abstract. The effects of dietary treatments were investigated as a prophylactic measure to minimize the occurrence and severity of bacterial kidney disease (BKD) infections in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., at Margaree Fish Culture Station, Nova Scotia, Canada. Six diets containing various levels of calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron, copper, manganese, cobalt and iodine in addition to one commercial diet were fed to post–yearling Atlantic salmon in two consecutive experiments. Natural infection was utilized to examine the effects of each diet on the prevalence of BKD. Diet containing high levels of iodine (4.5 mg/kg feed) and fluorine (4.5 mg/kg) reduced BKD prevalence rate to 3% and 5% respectively compared to 95% and 38% with commercial feed. Some other experimental diets also reduced prevalence of BKD, but to a lesser degree than the diet with additional iodine and fluorine.     

Rotifers enriched with iodine,copper and manganese had no effect on larval cod (Gadus morhua) growth,mineral status or redox system gene mRNA levels

It currently remains unclear if rotifers contain sufficient mineral levels to meet larval fish requirements. In this study, rotifers were enriched with a commercial enrichment (control), or with additional iodine, iodine and copper, or iodine, copper and manganese, and the effects of feeding these rotifers to Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) larvae from 3 to 18 days post hatch were investigated. Rotifer enrichment with minerals was successful, but Mn enrichment also increased rotifer zinc levels. No differences were observed between treatments in larval growth or survival, or in the mRNA levels in the majority of the redox system genes analysed. Only Zn levels increased in cod larvae in response to mineral enrichment of rotifers. Apart from Zn, little evidence was found to suggest that cod larvae require increased concentrations above the control rotifer levels of the essential elements studied here.     

3种淡水鱼肉中Ca、Te、Cu、Ze含量测定

采用原子吸收光谱仪对鲫、鲢、草鱼肌肉中Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn元素含量进行测量。样品用干法灰化和湿法消解。结果表明3种淡水鱼肉中微量元素含量丰富,其中草鱼中Ca含量高,鲢中cu含量高,鲫中Fe含量高。ca的加标回收率95％～108％,相对标准偏差RSD〈5．0％;Fe的加标回收率92％～109％,RSD〈2．4％;Zn的加标回收率94％-111％,RSD〈1．1％;Cu的加标回收率109％～113％,RSD〈2．4％。     

苏州地区泥鳅与大鳞副泥鳅肌肉微量元素含量比较

为了评价泥鳅与大鳞副泥鳅营养与食品安全性,采用电感耦合等离子体一原子发射光谱法（ICP—AES）对苏州地区泥鳅与大鳞副泥鳅肌肉组织中的K、Ca、Na、Mg,P、Fe、Zn、Cu、Mn、Se、Cr、Pb、Cd、As14种元素含量进行测定与分析。结果显示：泥鳅与大鳞副泥鳅肌肉组织中均富含K、Ca、Na、Mg、P等常量元素,并含有人体所必需的Fe、Zn、Cu、Mn等微量元素,As未检测出,Cd、Pb的含量均低于国家限量标准。     

Utilization of fish and animal by-product meals in low-pollution feeds for rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)

The apparent digestibilities (availabilities) of dry matter, protein, phosphorus and selected minerals in fish and animal by‐products were determined using rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). Blood meal (ring‐dried), feather meal and deboned fish meal had relatively high concentrations of protein, low concentrations of phosphorus and many minerals, and high digestibilities (availabilities) of these nutrients. Other animal by‐products, however, had high concentrations of minerals, including phosphorus, which are associated with the bone fraction. Availabilities of manganese and zinc in the diet were reduced by the inclusion of high‐ash animal by‐products in the diet, whereas availabilities of potassium, sodium and copper were relatively unaffected. Dietary concentrations of bone minerals (calcium, phosphorus) and ash were inversely correlated with availabilities (% of intake) of most minerals except copper in the diet. Also, dietary concentrations of bone minerals correlated inversely with the net absorption (mg g^?1 diet) of zinc, manganese and magnesium in the diet. When rainbow trout were fed diets containing incremental concentrations of fish bones, the apparent availabilities of phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and iron decreased as fish bone content in the diet increased. Reducing the bone fraction of high‐ash (high‐phosphorus) by‐product meals is therefore an essential approach to using such ingredients in low‐pollution fish feeds.