多效唑与矮壮素对百合试管苗生长的影响

为了探索多效唑与矮壮素对百合试管苗生长的最适作用浓度,提高东方百合试管苗的质量及移栽成活率,本试验以东方百合试管苗为试验材料,设置单因子变量,在MS基本培养基中分别附加不同浓度的PP₃₃₃（0.5、1.0、2.0、3.0mg/L）和CCC(5、10、15、20mg/L),对照组不加任何植物生长延缓剂,探讨最适合百合试管苗生长的PP₃₃₃和CCC浓度。结果表明,适当浓度的PP₃₃₃和CCC能提高百合试管苗的生根和不定芽分化数量,表现为株型矮化,叶片增多,根系发达。但高浓度处理后,叶片反卷,甚至出现黄化现象。适合东方百合生长的最佳PP₃₃₃浓度为1.0mg/L,CCC浓度为10mg/L。     

药用植物白及组培苗瓶内复壮研究

对白及(Bletilla striata)试管苗进行复壮研究,以期解决其羸弱纤细、不利于生根培养及生根后成活率低等问题,同时优化复壮培养条件。在课题组已有的白及增殖及生根培养基配方中,分别添加不同质量浓度植物生长延缓剂多效唑(PP₃₃₃)和矮壮素(CCC)并改变培养基碳源浓度,以不同继代试管苗为材料,通过单因素和L₉(3⁴)正交实验研究不同材料和不同植物生长延缓剂种类及其质量浓度对试管苗复壮、繁殖生长、生根培养及驯化移栽的影响。实验表明,4代苗在MS+活性炭1.0 g/L+香蕉泥50 g/L+ 6-BA 0.5 mg/L+ NAA 0.01 mg/L+ PP₃₃₃ 0.5 mg/L+CCC 0.1 mg/L+蔗糖40 g/L中获得最佳的复壮效果,培养70天后,试管苗基茎直径平均达(0.26±0.06) cm,繁殖系数2.13,假鳞茎发生率100%;复壮后的试管苗在1/2MS+活性炭1.0 g/L+香蕉泥80 g/L+ 6-BA 0.1 mg/L+ NAA 1.0 mg/L+蔗糖15 g/L中培养60天后,可获得具假鳞茎、根粗苗壮的再生植株,生根率100%;再生苗移栽成活率亦达100%。本研究完善了白及体外快繁及复壮条件,建立了高效的植株再生体系。     

ABA和PP333对蕙兰抗寒性的影响

为探讨植物生长调节剂ABA和PP333对蕙兰低温胁迫下抗寒性指标的影响,以蕙兰名品‘大一品’为试验材料,采用不同浓度的ABA和PP333对‘大一品’幼苗叶片进行叶面喷施处理,于光照培养箱[昼温/夜温=(5±0.5)℃/(0±0.5)℃]中进行低温处理,研究ABA和PP333对蕙兰抗寒性指标的影响。结果表明：ABA和PP333处理均降低了受低温胁迫的蕙兰叶片的相对电导率,提高了游离脯氨酸、可溶性糖含量和POD活性,对冷害具有缓解作用,所有处理中以15 mg/L和20 mg/L ABA处理效果最好。     

三种植物生长延缓剂对马铃薯试管苗生长和保存的影响

以MS为基本培养基,添加不同浓度的多效唑(PP333)、比久(B9)和甘露醇(GLC),比较其对脱毒马铃薯试管苗生长和保存的影响。结果表明:0.01~0.10mg/L PP333、5~20mg/L B9和1~10g/L GLC均对脱毒马铃薯试管苗有复壮和增殖双重效果,其中GLC的增值效果最为显著,最大增殖率达120%;0.1mg/L PP333和15~20mg/L B9利于移栽,植株生长旺盛、茎粗叶茂;0.1~1.0mg/L PP333、15~50mg/L B9和10~25g/L GLC适合于试管苗的保存。     

植物生长调节剂对黑麦草种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

利用植物生长延缓剂PP333、B9处理黑麦草（Lolium perenne L.）种子，研究其对种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明：二者均可以在不影响发芽率的前提下，有效控制黑麦草苗期的高生长，但B9的抑制效果要显著强于PP333。PP333的最佳浸种浓度为750mg/kg;B9的最佳浸种浓度为3000mg/kg。最佳的浸种时间为8h。     

PP333对马铃薯试管苗抗氧化酶及蛋白质含量的影响

为探明PP333对马铃薯试管苗壮苗及离体保存延缓衰老的作用机理。本试验以马铃薯试管苗为材料,在MS培养基中添加不同浓度PP333,测定其生长过程中CAT、POD、SOD等抗氧化酶活性及MDA和可溶性蛋白含量的动态生理指标。结果显示：0.01、0.05及0.25 mg/L PP333处理,诱导了CAT、POD、SOD等抗氧化酶活性的上升,保持了膜脂过氧化产物MDA相对较低的含量水平,并延缓了可溶性蛋白的下降。而1.25 mg/L PP333处理,虽有较高的CAT、POD活性,但SOD活性低,可溶性蛋白明显下降。由此可知,低浓度（0.01~0.25 mg/L）PP333可保持较高的抗氧化酶和蛋白质水平以及较低含量的MDA,从而培育壮苗和延缓试管苗的衰老。较高浓度（1.25 mg/L）PP333则使蛋白质含量和SOD活性降低,表现出一定的毒害作用。     

温度和渗透压对苹果试管苗延缓生长法种质保存的效应

以富士、乔纳金试管苗为试材,通过在继代培养基中加入不同浓度的蔗糖、琼脂、甘露醇提高渗透压或置于不同温度下,筛选合适的延缓生长的条件。试验结果表明：低温条件抑制试管苗生长效果明显,适宜的低温处理为接种后在25℃培养室条件下缓苗5～10d移至8℃培养,可延长保存时间至1年半以上,茎尖成活率达100%;提高培养基琼脂、蔗糖浓度或添加甘露醇都能提高培养基渗透压,抑制试管苗生长,且随浓度增加,抑制作用愈发明显,但琼脂、甘露醇处理中有部分茎尖死亡;综合比较,8℃低温、60 g/L蔗糖处理延缓试管苗生长效果较好。同一处理下品种间有差异,富士延缓生长的效果好于乔纳金。     

植物生长延缓剂提高红茄抗旱性的研究

为了提高盆栽红茄（Solanum integrifolium Poir.）的抗旱性能,试验运用植物生长延缓剂多效唑（PP333）、比久（B9）和矮壮素（CCC）在干旱条件下对其进行叶面喷施处理,并测定其生理指标。结果表明,3种植物生长延缓剂均能提高植物体内脯氨酸含量和SOD活力,而丙二醛和可溶性糖含量有所降低,其中PP333能提高红茄叶片中叶绿素的含量,在一定程度上提高了红茄的抗旱性,PP333和CCC导致红茄根的生物量下降,并且CCC还会产生药害。总体上,在各自药剂类型和浓度范围内,以浓度为400 mg/L的PP333、6000 mg/L的B9和4000 mg/L的CCC最好。     

PP_(333)、GA_3和BA对马铃薯试管苗生长调节作用的研究

针对马铃薯试管苗在继代培养中,苗生长细长、瘦弱和叶嫩黄等现象,在培养马铃薯的培养基中附加不同浓度的生长调节剂PP_(333)(mg/1,单位下同)、GA_3、BA、GA_3+BA、PP_(333)+GA_3、PP_(333)+BA和PP_(333)+GA_3+BA等进行培养壮苗的试验.加入PP_(333)各处理对试管苗的高、茎粗和增绿效应明显,但高浓度的PP_(333)对试管苗生长过于抑制;加GA_3对PP_(333)有拮抗作用.适宜浓度的PP_(333)+GA_3+BA能培养壮苗,并促进侧芽分化,增加叶面积、叶绿素含量和干物质的累积.各处理对马铃薯试管苗的抑制生长效应为PP_(333)>PP_(333)+BA>PP_(333)+GA_3>PP_(333)+GA_3+BA>BA>GA_3>GA_3+BA;生理效应和移栽苗成活率的顺序为PP_(333)+GA_3+BA>PP_(333)+GA_3>GA_3+BA>PP_(333)+BA>GA_3>BA>PP_(333).     

植物激素对马铃薯试管苗的影响及微型薯高效形成条件分析

以荷兰薯与川薯3号品种为试验材料,通过加入不同浓度NAA、6-BA、2,4-D、KT,探讨不同植物激素对试管苗生长的差异,研究光照条件、固液培养方式和不同激素对试管薯形成的影响。结果表明:NAA对试管苗根部作用明显;6-BA对试管苗茎叶作用明显;2,4-D对试管苗株高有显著促进作用;KT单独使用对试管苗有较强的抑制作用。激素NAA和6-BA混合使用培养出的试管苗效果最好。使用固体培养基MS+NAA0.1mg/L+6-BA0.05mg/L+GA30.1mg/L,在24h全天强光照条件下,14~28d后即可获得试管薯。黑暗培养优于光照培养,液态培养优于固态培养,采用黑暗培养与光照培养相结合的培养方式形成的试管薯质量最好。     

微生态制剂及其使用策略对刺参生长与养殖水质的影响

为研究微生态制剂及其使用策略对刺参生长和水质的影响,实验组添加以芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌等为主的微生态制剂和饲料分别混合放置0、6、9、12、15 h后投喂体质量为(7.81±0.25) g的刺参,实验共持续进行30天,期间10天换1次水。结果显示,添加微生态制剂组刺参特定生长率(SGR)显著高于对照组(P<0.05),其中,与饲料混合放置12 h后投喂实验组刺参SGR最高,为0.618%/d,是对照组的1.52倍,但与混合放置9 h实验组无显著差异(P>0.05);对照组氨氮、亚硝酸盐、COD随时间的延长逐渐升高,而实验组各项水质指标随着与饲料混合放置时间的增加而增加,与饲料混合放置0 h组各项水质指标最低,但各实验组间无显著差异(P>0.05),至实验结束时显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结果表明,将微生态制剂与饲料混合放置9~12 h后投喂刺参,对刺参的生长和养殖水质均可达到理想效果。     

WO3/g-C3N4复合催化剂的制备及其可见光 光催化性能分析

在盐酸质子化条件下,采用超声微波协助法成功制备了可见光型复合催化剂WO₃/g-C₃N₄。利用X射线多晶粉末衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、紫外可见漫反射(UV-Vis)和BET比表面测试仪对样品进行了表征,并以罗丹明B(RhB)为目标降解物对其光催化性能进行研究。结果表明:复合催化剂样品是由片状的WO₃纳米片负载在g-C₃N₄表面组成的。当WO₃负载的质量分数为40%时,前驱物在500℃条件下煅烧2 h后所得样品的光催化性能明显好于同条件下制得的单一相WO₃和g-C₃N₄,在可见光(波长大于420 nm)照射下,5 h内对100 mL浓度为10^-5 mol/L罗丹明B橙溶液的降解高达98%。     

Molecular mapping of genic male-sterile genes ms15, ms5 and ms6 in tetraploid cotton

Two genic male sterile (GMS) lines, Lang-A conditioned by ms ₁₅ and Zhongkang-A conditioned by ms ₅ ms ₆ duplicate recessive genes in Gossypium hirsutum L., were chosen to map GMS genes. These two lines were crossed with Gossypium barbadense cv. 'Hai7124' to produce segregating populations. The ms ₁₅ gene was mapped on chromosome 12, and was flanked by two simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, NAU2176 and NAU1278, with a genetic distance of 0.8 and 1.9 cM respectively. The ms ₅ and ms ₆ genes were mapped to one pair of homoeologous chromosomes, ms ₅ on chromosome 12 flanked by three SSR markers, NAU3561, NAU2176 and NAU2096, with genetic distances of 1.4, 1.8 and 1.8 cM, respectively, and ms ₆ on chromosome 26 flanked by two SSR markers, BNL1227 and NAU460, with a genetic distance of 1.4 and 1.7 cM respectively. These tightly linked markers with the ms ₁₅ , ms ₅ and ms ₆ genes can be used in the marker-assisted selection among segregating populations in a breeding programme, and provide the foundation for gene isolation by map-based cloning for these three genes.     

NaCl与Na2CO3+NaHCO3对玉米萌发期胁迫效应的比较

以发芽势、发芽率、根长和苗长作为指标,用不同浓度NaCl及Na2CO3+NaHCO3对3个玉米基因型进行苗期耐盐性试验,结果表明:供试玉米基因型的发芽势、发芽率、根长及苗长随NaCl和Na2CO3+NaHCO3溶液浓度的升高都呈下降趋势,但两种处理对不同玉米基因型的萌发胁迫存在差异,Na2CO3+NaHCO3对玉米萌发的抑制作用比NaCl强烈,各项指标都随浓度增加锐减,而NaCl在低浓度时甚至有刺激种子萌发的作用,丰禾1在60mmol/L NaCl处理下盐害指数为负值,发芽率比对照高24.44%且达到显著水平,而在(30mmol/L+30mmol/L)Na2CO3+NaHCO3丰禾1的发芽率却比对照减少了40%,并且高浓度NaCl对玉米萌发的胁迫效应也轻于同浓度的Na2CO3+NaHCO3。     

亲本未知的棉花F1杂种及其F2单株的SSR分子鉴定

在棉花品种区域试验中,杂交种纯度的分子检测一直是比较困难的课题,尤其是在亲本未知的情况下,杂交种的纯度的分子检测研究尚未见报导。本研究利用17对SSR核心引物对参试品种邯6402的F1进行纯度检测,SSR标记纯度达100%,17对引物中有12对呈现共显性,5对引物为非共显性。同时,构建了F1的SSR指纹图谱,以此可以鉴定邯6402的真实性。继续用这些引物对F2的44株棉苗进行检测,F2群体棉苗均有不同程度的分离,绝大部分基因型为杂合体,许多位点显示共显性,且共显性位点互不相同,在分子水平上验证了F2群体的杂合状态。应用这一套SSR核心引物,能够在室内鉴定棉花杂交种的真实性和纯度,还能够鉴别是F1杂交种还是F2分离群体,比对杂交种的指纹图谱能检测出F1中掺杂成分。     

二硫化碳与四氯化碳混合熏蒸防治谷试验

在四川省和重庆市的部分散、包装储粮中应用了以二硫化碳与四氯化碳科学混配的“熏杀净”,熏蒸杀虫试验证明该药具有高效、低毒、低残留、低价格、使用安全方便等特点,适用多品种储粮和低温环境,对磷化氢抗性极强的谷蠹、米象、玉米象和螨类等害虫有特效.可与磷化氢轮换使用.     

Cytogenetic Studies of Crosses between Lolium multiflorum Lam. and Festuca arundinacea Schreb. III. The Generations C1, C2 and C3

Meiotic observations of 56-chromosome plants of the C₁, C₂ and C₃ generations of the amphidiploid Lolium multiflorum × Festuca arundinacea showed that most of the chromosomes paired as bivalents. However, uni- and multivalents were frequently observed. No difference in meiotic regularity and stability could be detected between the different generations. The average chromosome number and; the percentage of 56-chromosome plants decreased with increasing generations. The direct use of the 56-chromosome amphidiploids of L. multiflorum and F. arundinacea in a breeding programme appears to be quite difficult, but these plants can be used in a backcross programme with Lolium and Festuca.     

Heterosis for yield and other agronomic traits of winter triticale F1 and F2 hybrids

Triticale is generally treated as a self‐pollinating crop and line breeding is practised. Hybrid breeding has been discussed for some time, but there is little information for winter triticale. This study investigated heterosis for eight agronomic traits in F₁ and F₂ hybrids grown together with their parents as drilled plots in three environments. On average, grain yield heterosis was 12.5 dt/ha (a relative 10.5%) compared with the mid‐parent value for F₁ hybrids, and 6.2 dt/ha (5.0%) for F₂ hybrids and withawide range of 4.4–17.1 dt/ha for F₁ hybrids. A positive contribution to the heterosis of yield was made by kernels/spike and 1000‐kernel weight, whereas spikes/m² showed negative heterosis. Hybrid plants in F₁ and F₂ were taller than mid‐parents (8.3 cm and 5.3 cm, respectively), with a tendency to earlier heading. The negative heterosis for falling number in F₁ and F₂ hybrids could be a problem for commercial production of triticale hybrids. By selecting parents for combining ability and the identification of heterotic patterns, grain yield heterosis of 20% appears feasible.     

Relationship of Root and Shoot Characters in Parent, F1 and F2 Populations of Rice

The direct and indirect contributions of root characters — root length, roots/plant, fresh and dry root weight on grain yield/plant were worked out from a 7 × 7 diallel set of rice hybrids. The materials were grown in pots with four replications. Path analysis was done at genotypic level of correlation.
The grain yield/plant showed positive correlation with all the root characters in parent, F₁ and F₂ except with roots/plant in F₁ population. Fresh root weight demonstrated positive direct effect on grain yield/plant in all the three generations. Roots/plant had highly positive direct effect in F₂. Direct effects were negative in respect of root length and dry root weight in F₂ generation.     

Cytogenetic study of Helianthus laevigatus and its F1 and BC1F1 hybrids with cultivated sunflower, Helianthus annuus

Although the wild sunflower species Helianthus laevigatus has not been extensively studied it may be considered for sunflower breeding as a potential source of desirable genes for Sclerotinia stalk rot resistance and high contents of proteins and linoleic acid in the seed. A set of six H. laevigatus populations was crossed to cultivated sun~ower lines and produced nine F₁ (2-14 plants) and 66 BC₁F₁ hybrid combinations (1-13 plants). Male sterility occurred in F₁ and BC₁F₁ hybrid combinations and pollen viability was lower in the progenies than in the parents (51.6-77.2%in F₁ and in F₁ and 4.8-34.0% in BC₁F₁). Meiosis was normal in the H. laevigatus populations It was found that this tetraploid species also occurred in a hexaploid form Numerous irregularities were observed in the meiosis of the F₁ interspecific hybrids During diakinesis, quadrivalents and hexavalents were recorded in addition to bivalents Dislocated chromosomes and chromosome bridges were present in the other phases The chromosome number in F₁ was 68 (tetraploid). Irregularities in chromosome pairing were observed in the interspecific hybrids at BC₁F₁. There were many univalents, and trivalents quadrivalents and hexavalents were also present The chromosome number in the BC₁F₁ generation ranged from 34 to 60. The occurrence of meiotic irregularities in the F₁ and BC₁F₁ interspecific hybrids indicates that H. laevigatus and the cultivated sunflower differ in genome constitution.