我国薄翅天牛属两种幼虫记述(鞘翅目:天牛科)

记述我国薄翅天牛属的滇薄翅天牛和沟翅薄翅天牛幼虫的形态特征,并列出包括这两种天牛幼虫在内的6种为害橡胶木材的薄翅天牛属天牛幼虫的检索表。     

桔狭胸天牛幼虫记录（鞘翅目：瘦天牛科）

本文记述桔狭胸天牛Philus antennatus(Gyllenhal)幼虫形态特征及发生、为害情况。     

我国粒肩天牛属(Apriona)主要幼虫(鞘翅目 天牛科)

本文记载了我国为害林木、果树的重要害虫,隶属于粒肩天牛属的幼虫4种,它们是粒肩天牛、二色粒肩天牛、锈色粒肩天牛和灰绿粒肩天牛,可作为鉴定这一属幼虫的参考。     

我国筒天牛属八种幼虫(鞘翅目:天牛科)

本文记述我国筒天牛属8种天牛即瘦筒天牛、南亚筒天牛、黑尾南亚筒天牛、灰翅筒天牛、忍冬筒天牛、日本筒天牛、构树筒天牛和樟筒天牛等的幼虫形态。     

榕树星天牛生物学特性及其防治

星天牛[Anoplophorachinensis(Forster)]是厦门市榕树(FicusmicrocarpaL.f.)的最主要树干害虫,在厦门市1年发生1代,以老熟幼虫在树干内越冬,5月中旬成虫出现,5月下旬成虫羽化、交配、产卵,6月上旬幼虫孵化;并提出了星天牛的物理、化学和生物防治方法。     

贵州苎麻天牛化学防治研究

1999年对苎麻天牛(Paraglenea fortunei Saunders)进行了化学防治研究，结果表明在头麻适时收剥后，每亩用8kg3%呋喃丹颗粒剂穴施，防治效果达93.1%，有效的防治苎麻天牛幼虫的为害，其次为每亩用80%的敌敌畏乳油800倍液淋蔸，防治效果达90.63%，均增产30%以上。     

苎麻不同收剥措施对苎麻天牛幼虫抑制作用研究

1998年就苎麻不同收剥措施对苎麻天牛幼虫抑制作用进行了初步研究,结果表明当卵孵化率达20%左右时剥头麻,而后齐泥砍麻骨,即可较好的抑制苎麻天牛幼虫为害,防治效果可达68.70%,增产28.77%.     

苎麻不同收剥措施对苎麻天牛幼虫抑制作用研究

1998年就苎麻不同收剥措施对苎麻天牛幼虫抑制作用进行了初步研究，结果表明：当卵孵化率达20%左右时剥头麻，而后齐泥砍麻骨，即可较好的抑制苎麻天牛幼虫为害，防治效果可达68.70%，增产28.77%。     

贵州苎麻天牛化学防治研究

1999年对苎麻天牛（Paraglenea fortunei Saunders）进行了化学防治研究，结果表明：在头麻适时收剥后，每亩用8kg3%呋喃丹颗粒剂穴施，防治效果达93.1%，有效的防治苎麻天牛幼虫的为害，其次为每亩用80％的敌敌畏乳油800位液淋蔸，防治效果达90.63%，均增产30％以上。     

海南岛脊胸天牛生物学的进一步研究

进一步的生物学研究结果表明,海南岛芒果树重要害虫脊胸天牛在那大地区于室内平均一代需时423.6天,其中卵期11.7天,幼虫期351.4天,前蛹期14天,蛹期22天,成虫寿命24.5天。幼虫共有十二龄。     

海南岛芒果害虫相

在海南岛,为害芒果的害虫约80种,分属于7目38科。其中,24种为我国芒果害虫新记录。在这些害虫中,芒果叶蝉类(Idiocerus niveoaparsus Leth., Idiocerus sp. ),脊胸天牛(Rhytidodera bowringii White),桔小实蝇(Strumeta ferruginea dorsalis Hendel)和尾夜蛾类(Chlumetia transversa Walker, Bombotelia jocosatrix(Guen. ))为主要种类。     

Impacts of Dryland Cropping Systems on Ground Beetle Communities (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in the Northern Great Plains

Ground beetles are natural predators of insect pests and small seeds in agroecosystems. In semiarid cropping systems of the Northern Great Plains, there is a lack of knowledge to how ground beetles are affected by diversified cover crop rotations. In a 2-yr study (2018 and 2019), our experiment was a restricted-randomization strip-plot design, comprising summer fallow, an early-season cover crop mixture (five species), and a mid-season cover crop mixture (seven species), with three cover crop termination methods (i.e., herbicide, grazing, and haying). Using pitfall traps, we sampled ground beetles in five 48-h intervals throughout the growing season (n = 135 per year) using growing degree day (GDD) accumulations to better understand changes to ground beetle communities. Data analysis included the use of linear mixed-effects models, perMANOVA, and non-metric multidimensional scaling ordinations. We did not observe differences among cover crop termination methods; however, activity density in the early-season cover crop mixture decreased and in summer fallow increased throughout the growing season, whereas the mid-season cover crop mixture peaked in the middle of the summer. Ground beetle richness and evenness showed a nonlinear tendency, peaking in the middle of the growing season, with marginal differences between cover crops or fallow after the termination events. Also, differences in ground beetle composition were greatest in the early- and mid-season cover crop mixtures earlier in the growing season. Our study supports the use of cover crop mixtures to enhance ground beetle communities, with potential implications for pest management in dryland cropping systems.     

DNA Quantity and Quality in Remnants of Traffic-Killed Specimens of an Endangered Longhorn Beetle: A Comparison of Different Methods

The sampling of living insects should be avoided in highly endangered species when the sampling would further increase the risk of population extinction. Nonlethal sampling (wing clips or leg removals) can be an alternative to obtain DNA of individuals for population genetic studies. However, nonlethal sampling may not be possible for all insect species. We examined whether remnants of traffic-killed specimens of the endangered and protected flighless longhorn beetle Iberodorcadion fuliginator (L., 1758) can be used as a resource for population genetic analyses. Using insect fragments of traffic-killed specimens collected over 15 yr, we determined the most efficient DNA extraction method in relation to the state of the specimens (crushed, fragment, or intact), preservation (dried, airtight, or in ethanol), storage duration, and weight of the sample by assessing the quantity and quality of genomic DNA. A modified cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide method provided the highest recovery rate of genomic DNA and the largest yield and highest quality of DNA. We further used traffic-killed specimens to evaluate two DNA amplification techniques (quantitative polymerase chain reaction [qPCR] and microsatellites). Both qPCR and microsatellites revealed successful DNA amplification in all degraded specimens or beetle fragments examined. However, relative qPCR concentration and peak height of microsatellites were affected by the state of specimen and storage duration but not by specimen weight. Our investigation demonstrates that degraded remnants of traffic-killed beetle specimens can serve as a source of high-quality genomic DNA, which allows to address conservation genetic issues.     

贵州东部地区茶园瓢虫种类调查研究初报

报道了贵州东部地区茶园瓢虫２７种,分属６亚科。其中十二斑巧瓢虫、链纹裸瓢虫、黑襟毛瓢虫、隐唇瓢虫、黑方突毛瓢虫、臀斑隐势瓢虫等６种是本地区茶园首次采得,文中描述了它们的形态及简单习性     

ScreeningSolanum germplasm for resistance to Colorado potato beetle

TuberousSolanum accessions were screened for resistance to Colorado potato beetle (CPB),Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), in terms of CPB-caused defoliation in field trials with natural infestations of CPB. Cluster and multivariate discriminant analyses were used to distinguish among species and accessions. Several highly CPB-resistant and relatively homogeneous accessions were identified.     

云南橡胶树小蠹虫研究

云南植胶区橡胶树小蠹虫为4个科17个种的小蠹虫群体,是主要蛀食橡胶树死亡组织的次期性害虫,长期生存在橡胶林中。1990年后,橡胶树小蠹虫为害逐渐明显,表现大量发生,虫害树快速死亡,造成严重的经济损失。经2000-2007年的研究表明：橡胶树小蠹虫种群结构已发生重要变化,活蛀性的角面长小蠹（Platypus secrelus Sampson）、小杯长小蠹（P.calicutus Chapuis）已发展成为优势种,致使橡胶树小蠹虫种群从次要害虫逐渐变为主要害虫,成为橡胶树衰退重要的促进因素（Contributing factors）;橡胶树衰退,特别是过度的乙烯利刺激割胶导致的橡胶树衰退,是促变小蠹虫群体结构并逐渐发展成为主要害虫的主要诱因。因此,提高管理水平,调控生产技术,使胶林生态系统达到新的平衡,才是有效地控制橡胶树衰退趋势和控制小蠹虫为害于经济阈值之下的正确途径。     

Rove beetles (Coleoptera Staphylinidae) – Their abundance and competition with other predatory groups in Bt maize expressing Cry34Ab1, Cry35Ab1, Cry1F and CP4 EPSPS proteins

This study investigated the effects of different GM maize crops on the abundances of rove beetles. It also investigated competition between rove beetles and other epigeic arthropod predatory groups (ground beetles and spiders). Altogether a total of 5926 rove beetle individuals belonging to 25 species were collected. Whilst the average number of rove beetle individuals per replicate per sampling date varied and, moreover, decreased each year, there were no observed differences in rove beetle abundance when compared between isogenic and GM maize plots within the study period. Furthermore, no clear trends on positive correlations between weed coverage and rove beetle abundances were detected. Altogether a total number of 76,070 ground beetle individuals and 11,126 spiders (including all Araneae) were collected with pitfall traps. Analyses revealed a strong negative relationship between rove beetles and the other two groups in each treatment and year. According to the results the effect of interspecific competition on rove beetle abundance in GM maize is much higher than the effects of treatments including both Bt toxins and extra glyphosate applications.     

EFFECTS OF WHITE CLOVER ON THE BOTANICAL COMPOSITION OF SWARDS OF RYEGRASS, TIMOTHY AND MEADOW FESCUE AND MIXTURES OF THESE THREE

Results are presented to show the effect of white clover (Trifolium repens) and of applied N on the hotanical composition of swards sown with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perernne), timothy (Phleum pratense), meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis) and mixtures of two and three of these species. White clover had a more favourahle effect on the growth of perennial ryegrass than on either timothy or meadow fescue both in terms of yield and in terms of tiller numbers. Tiller numbers of rough-stalked meadow grass (Poa trivialis) were increased and tiller numbers of Agrostis species were reduced by application of N and by inclusion of clover. Possible reasons for these effects are considered.     

Genetic variation in a population of tetraploid potatoes: Response to the potato leafhopper and the potato flea beetle

Progenies from a group of tetraploid parental clones from the USDA potato breeding program were used to investigate variation in resistance to the potato leafhopper,Empoasca fabae (Harris), and the potato flea beetle,Epitrix cucumeris (Harris). The study utilized two mating designs: i) selfing and testing both the parents and the S₁ progeny; and ii) nine clones, used as males, were each crossed to three different clones, and progenies from the resulting families were tested. Statistically significant differences between families were measured in each test for both insects. Non-additive genetic variance was larger than additive genetic variance in progeny reaction to leafhopper infestation and hopperburin, but was smaller in progeny reaction to flea beetles. Environmental variation contributed heavily to the total variation of plant reaction to both insect species. Selecting individuals was indicated to be slightly more effective than selecting males on half-sib progeny performance but not as effective as selecting clones on S₁ progeny performance. Because of the large environmental variance and small additive variance for both the leafhopper and flea beetle, slow progress in increasing the level of resistance to these two species in this sample population was predicted. Resistance to leafhopper infestation was genetically quite highly correlated (positive) with resistance to hopperburn, but phenotypically the correlation was considerably smaller. Negative genotypic, phenotypic, and environmental correlations between leafhopper infestation and flea beetle infestation suggest that selecting for resistance to one of these species, in the population sampled for these tests, would tend to increase susceptibility to the other.