9个品种桑果营养、香气成分与抗氧化活性评价

[目的]为了科学、合理利用果桑品种资源,比较不同桑椹品种间营养、香气成分和抗氧化活性的差异,筛选出适宜深度开发的北方果桑品种.[方法]以河北省主栽的9个品种果桑的果实为材料,采用紫外分光光度法、固相微萃取联合气相色谱-质谱联用法、酶标仪法,对每个品种桑椹的营养、香气成分和抗氧化指标进行检测,并运用SPSS 23.0软件...     

果桑的种植技术

<正>果桑是在叶桑基础上选育出来的桑果和桑叶兼用型品种,以采摘桑果为主,讲究果叶两用,尤其是它的果实桑椹,既是食品又是药品,它营养丰富,酸甜可口,具有生津止渴,祛病强身等多种功效。科学合理地调节桑椹和叶子的产量,可以达到果品与蚕茧双丰收,提高果桑的综合经济效益。因此,果桑的种植越来越受到人们的重视,已成为蚕桑产业发展的一个新亮点。     

果桑的优良品种

1品种来源果桑,桑科桑属。原产我国,北至黑龙江,西至新疆,南至广东、广西都有种植。传统桑树是以采叶养蚕为目的,结果晚,桑椹小而且少。我国农业科研人员历经十余年攻关,选育出桑椹大、结果早、产量高的果桑系列新品种,使果桑的规模化种植成为现实。三年生以上果桑园,一般每666.7平方米产量1500千克左右。2开发价值(1)果桑的果实称桑椹,现代科学检测证明,桑椹含有丰富的果糖、果酸、果胶、天然色素,人体必须的16种氨基酸,7种维生素尤以维生素C含量最高,具有补血、补肾、明目乌发、生津止咳、抗衰老、防治慢性肝炎、治疗失眠和神经衰弱等医…     

果桑高产栽培初探

果桑为果叶兼用，以采摘果实桑椹为主的桑科类落叶乔木。桑果富含葡萄糖、果糖、无机盐及丰富的维生素和人体所需的15种氨基酸，具有补肝益肾、滋阴养血、止渴生津、驻颜抗老的保健药用价值。桑果除鲜食外，还可制成桑椹酒、桑椹膏、桑椹饮料等。我县2003年从浙江引进1320株果桑早熟品种红果2号种植于龙津镇五家坑果园基地，果桑高产栽培技术如下：     

扶贫背景下发展果桑产业的探讨——以河南省汝州市焦村镇靳村为例

果桑是从桑树中选育出的以收获桑果为主、桑叶为辅的桑树品种。以河南省汝州市焦村镇靳村果桑园为研究对象,调查了园区主栽3个果桑品种的结果性状、多元开发利用现状,并在此基础上,揭示了果桑产业助力精准扶贫,实现贫困地区人口快速脱贫致富的机理所在,总结了加快果桑产业发展面临的困难与问题,提出了扶贫背景下发展果桑产业的机遇和解决对策,以期为果桑产业扶贫提供一定的参考依据。     

保健佳果——巨王果桑及栽培要点

<正>巨王果桑是我国果桑专家经过多年选育成功的大果型鲜食和加工型的果叶两用的桑新品种,是我国第三代水果——"果桑"中较有发展前景的品种。1生物学特征和经济性状1.1植物学特征     

大十果桑在云南蒙自的引种表现

大十果桑是广东省农业科学院蚕业研究所选育的三倍体果桑品种,该品种的特点是桑椹优质、丰产、无籽,同时桑叶产量较高,质量较好可果叶两用.云南省林业科学院经济林研究所于2002年3月从陕西省汉阴县引入该品种,经示范试验,在当地表现出较好的适应性,现已在蒙自、开远、文山、澜沧、建水、石屏等县（市）示范推广.     

果桑优良新品种及高产栽培技术

传统桑树品种是以采叶养蚕为主,桑椹小而且少,难以作为水果开发利用。我国农业科研人员历经十余年攻关,采用现代生物技术与传统方法相结合,终于在世界上率先成功选育出桑椹大、结果早、产量高的果桑系列新品种,并对其栽培技术进行了系统研究,使果桑品种的规模化种植成为现实。在我国,南起广东、广西,北到黑龙江,东起山东,西到新疆,均可种植。1特征特性果桑,落叶乔木,株高可达15m,生产上一般控制在1.8～2.2m左右。树冠倒卵形,树皮灰褐色,有纵裂。根黄色,叶卵形,边缘具较整齐锯齿,很少浅裂或深裂。花淡绿色,雌雄异株,自花授粉。聚花果(桑椹)为…     

果桑的栽培技术

果桑是以结果为主、果叶兼用桑树的统称。桑椹“既是食品又是药品”,营养丰富,酸甜可口,具有生津止渴,祛病强身多种功效。自古就作为水果或制干代食。桑椹能加工成果汁饮料、果冻、果酱、桑椹酒等特色产品;桑叶可用来养蚕、做药、作饲料等,用途广泛。种植果桑具有显著的经济效益、生态效益和社会效益,前景广阔。果桑栽培技术要点如下：     

果桑菌核病的综合防治技术

<正>果桑是近几年新兴的经济林新品种,果桑的果实称桑椹(桑果、桑乌等),因其风味独特、营养丰富、保健效果好,鲜食和加工兼用,经济效益高,近年来,临海市果桑发展迅速。但由于主栽"大     

我国果树多倍体育种研究进展

综合有关文献对主要果树多倍体的现状、果树多倍体育种的途径及其取得的成就、果树多倍体的鉴定、果树多倍体育种中应注意的问题进行了系统的阐述。果树多倍体育种的途径主要有利用对自然变异的选择获得多倍体、利用人工诱变获得多倍体、利用有性杂交培育多倍体、利用胚乳培养获得多倍体和利用原生质体融合培育多倍体;对多倍体的鉴定可以从形态特征、解剖结构、生理生化特性和染色体数目观察等方面来考虑;在今后的果树多倍体育种中应注意确定合适的倍性作为育种目标、重视多倍体种质资源的创新与应用、重视对多倍体嵌合类型的分离纯化、注意利用现代新技术提高育种效率、要加强对多倍体育种中有关问题的研究。     

Association analysis of fruit traits in mulberry species (Morus L.)

Improvement of fruit traits is an important objective in current mulberry breeding programs. In this study, 93 mulberry accessions of diverse origin were genotyped using 15 ISSR markers to identify marker–trait associations with fruit traits. Fifteen ISSR primers generated a total of 104 amplification products, of which 94 were polymorphic, revealing 90.38% polymorphism; the mean PIC value was 0.2698. UPGMA cluster analysis showed clear genetic relationships between the 93 mulberry cultivars, and the major clusters were related to known pedigree relationships and their ecotype. The mean r² value for all intra-chromosomal loci pairs was 0.0210. Marker–trait associations were investigated using the unified mixed-model approach, considering both population structure (Q) and kinship (K). In total, 24 marker–trait associations (p < 0.01) were identified using different ISSR markers. The results suggest that association mapping in mulberry is a viable alternative to quantitative trait loci mapping, and detection of associations between markers and mulberry fruit traits will also provide important information for marker-assisted breeding.     

A Field Survey of Promising Mulberry (M<Emphasis Type="Italic">orus spp</Emphasis>.) Genotypes from Turkey

In this study the mulberry population in the Mediterranean and Eastern Anatolia Turkey was examined with regard to fruit properties. The research material consisted of uncultivated mulberry (Morus spp.) trees. Thirty five mulberry genotypes for table, 6 genotypes for fruit juice, 11 genotypes for syrup (pekmez) and 9 genotypes for drying, were selected, 32 of which belonged to Morus alba, 12 to Morus rubra and 8 genotypes to Morus nigra. Continued and more detailed selection studies with this population of genotypes are necessary to provide material that is suitable for future breeding efforts. It may also be possible to select some of this native material that has sufficient commercial value to justify its release to growers.     

世界樱桃育种进展

较系统阐述了樱桃的分类及其在世界范围内的分布,明确了优质、自交可孕、不易裂果、耐贮运、适于机械采收、抗病虫、抗寒等现代育种目标,总结了育种技术和手段、生物技术应用,列出了世界主要国家育成的品种等方面的研究成果,简要介绍了我国的樱桃育种情况,并展望了甜樱桃和酸樱桃育种前景。     

果桑绿枝扦插影响因素研究

以"大十"果桑和"台湾果桑"为试材,以基质(河沙、草炭与蛭石混配基质)、插穗插口(插穗下剪口作平剪和斜剪)、生长素(NAA、吲哚丁酸、国光生根粉)为因素进行绿枝扦插正交实验,以在较短的时间内繁育出较多果桑优良苗木。结果表明:果桑绿枝扦插与品种有很大关系,"台湾果桑"适合于绿枝扦插,成活率较高,且在150mg/kg吲哚丁酸中浸泡生根率较高,为54.4%,有白色愈伤组织产生;平口剪效果好于斜口剪,河沙更适宜做扦插苗床,有利于生根。     

Züchtungsinitiative Niederelbe

In the year 2002 the breeding initiative Lower Elbe (Züchtungsinitiative Niederelbe, ZIN) was founded with the aim to establish a private financed breeding program of apple cultivars in North Germany. Members of the breeding initiative are fruit farms, the fruit co-operative Marktgemeinschaft Altes Land and some fruit retailers. Breeding work happens in close cooperation with the nursery firm Carolus (Belgium) and the institutes of fruit growing and nursery of the University of Applied Sciences Osnabrück. In the year 2005 selection work in selection step I started. From 2010 12.000 to 14.000 clones will be tested each year. In 2008 the first 24 clones of the selection step II were planted on two locations. Yearly 25 to 50 clones will follow in this selection step. Scientific research projects flank the breeding work.     

落叶果树生物技术育种研究进展

现代生物技术如胚培养、离体诱变、基因工程技术等为果树育种开辟了一条新途径,它不仅可以定向改良果树遗传性状,而且扩展了育种范围,提高了育种效率。根据有关文献综述了落叶果树胚胎培养育种、胚乳培养育种、花培育种、离体诱变育种、原生质体培养与细胞融合、基因工程育种所取得的成绩,侧重介绍了胚培、花培、离体诱变及原生质体培养与细胞融合4种育种方法及其培养技术,初步分析了目前落叶果树生物技术育种中存在的问题,并对今后的工作重点提出了建议。     

中国梨育种的回顾和展望

对我国梨育种工作进行了系统的回顾,包括梨的种质资源、引种、实生选种、芽变选种、辐射育种、杂交育种、遗传规律研究和生物技术研究等。我国梨的种质和品种资源丰富、栽培面积大,是世界上梨栽培面积最大、产量最多的国家。除了继续进行早熟梨的选育外,还要加强品质改良育种、加工用品种、矮化密植用品种、绿色食品用抗病等新品种的培育。探索用生物技术手段,如遗传标记和转基因技术,来改良梨的品质和抗逆性等性状。     

CjFRO2在转基因枳中的整合与表达

三价铁螯合物还原酶（Ferric-chelator reductase,FCR）在植物对三价铁的吸收过程中起着关键作用,导入外源三价铁螯合物还原酶基因是改良植物耐缺铁能力的有效途径。香橙（Citrus junos Sieb.ex Tanaka）是目前表现最好的柑橘耐缺铁砧木之一,在铁胁迫时,香橙三价铁螯合物还原酶基因（...     

A possible influence of pedicel dimensions on fruit size and yield in strawberry

During the investigation of factors affecting fruit size in strawberry, the physical characteristics of the fruiting structure were examined as a possible cause of size limitation in fruit. The greatest total weight of fruit which can be sustained at any one time on an inflorescence appeared to be related to the dimensions of the main peduncle. At this limit the fruit yield may be no more than half the potential fruit yield of the inflorescence, indicating that unless ripe berries are removed development of immature berries may be restricted or stopped.This implies that under conventional management high yields will require frequent picking to achieve full potential. Once-over cropping, as in mechanical harvesting, may entail accepting yields one half or less of those now being obtained by conventional hand picking.It is suggested that if evaporative losses from ripe berries can be reduced, as by cloching, tunnelling, windbreaks, or plant breeding for less permeable cell walls, increased yields might be expected.