居住建筑室内热环境低能耗营造的多目标设计方法

人居环境改善涉及重大民生问题,节能减排是国家重大战略。因此,有必要寻求合理的居住建筑设计方法,使设计方案既满足居民的室内热舒适需求又能降低建筑能耗。基于多目标遗传优化算法,建立能够对建筑设计方案进行优化、实现增加室内热舒适时间比例的同时降低建筑全年冷热负荷的居住建筑设计双目标优化模型。最后,以重庆典型户型为实例进行优化,优化后的设计方案建筑全年冷热负荷降低了47.74%,室内热舒适时间比例提高了3.94%,验证了模型的可行性和准确性。     

Utilizing Industry Solid Wastes as Resource of Building Material in Chongqing

To embed or heap industry solid wastes somewhere will occupy the earth and pollute the environment seriously. So utilizing the industry solid wastes as regeneration resource is important for sustainable development of city. Based on application and research for years in utilizing industry wastes and widely investigation, the produce status of industry solid wastes in Chongqing such as fly ash, desulfuration gypsum, blastfurnace slag and chromium slag are introduced. At the same time,this paper introduces application and research on these wastes in field of building material in Chongqing. Analyze problems and countermeasures during utilizing industry solid wastes as regeneration resource in Chongqing. As a further the prospect of utilizing industry solid wastes as regeneration resource of building material is discussed.     

Analysis of Building Energy Efficiency Contribution Ratio of Chongqing in "11th Five-Year Plan"

How much contribution ratio of building energy efficiency for Chongqing in "11th Five-Year Plan" to the target of reducing 20% energy consumption per 10,000RMB GDP was the important problem to promoting building energy efficiency work.It has important significance to make target and measure of building energy efficiency.In this paper,the developing situation of building energy consumption,building energy consumption and energy-saving index for Chongqing in "11th Five-Year Plan" were analyzed and calculated through the statistics data published by statutory bodies and pre-setting work scenarios of energy efficiency for Chongqing in "11th Five-Year Plan".Calculating result confirmed that energy efficiency for Chongqing in "11th Five-Year Plan" payed 15.5% contribution ratio to the target of 20% less energy consumption per 10,000RMB GDP till 2010 compared to 2005.     

Development and Build of Green Ecological Residential Guarter

This paper, from the perspective of green ecological construction, discusses the development tendency of green ecological residential quarter, analyses the cause, implication, characteristics and practical functions of green ecological residential quarter. And it proposes some suggestions of developing and constructing green ecological residential quarter with green design, wholesale afforestation, green building materials, energy saving and water saving, green lighting, classified garbage disposal and so on. The paper then raises some new suggestions about the programme and design of green ecological residential quarter.     

Water Supply and Drainage Design of Residential Building

This paper sums up the current situation of water supply and drainage designs of residential building. In accordance with the owner's demands, the problems related to the installation of water meter and water heater, the layout of pipeline, selection of pipe material and engineering measures are discussed respectively. It also points out some problems existed and inquires into the water system design for residential houses in the future.     

Residential Environment Ethic and Green Building Materials

The environment ethic deals with the research on relation between human beings and the nature. The residential environment ethic is a detail study of environment ethic, which studies the relation between human beings and residential environment. The residential environment ethic presents the human duty to care about and protect residential environment and actually to protect human beings themselves. But the residential environment is facing many dangers, such as city pollution and indoor air pollution, which are closely related to building materials. So, one of the ways for improving the residential environment quality is to use green building materials.     

Numerical Model of Hot Smoke Flow in Residential Fire

Based on the characteristics of spatial structure of residential units, the law of indoor hot smoke flow was investigated by experimental research on a platform model with multiple floors and rooms in a residential building. Three factors exerting influence on hot smoke flow in residential construction were mainly analyzed, including the relationship between the height of space and the area of single room, the size of doorway opening, and the hub space. Based on basic concepts of thermodynamics and fluid mechanics, the geometric relational model of the height of space and the area of single room impacted on filling speed of hot smoke in room was presented by conservation of mass. Moreover, under the influence of hot smoke flow, the formula of doorway opening size was developed by conservation of momentum. The results show that the fire safety of residential building should take full account of the impact of spatial structural. The indoor temperature distribution and hot smoke flow path will be controlled effectively by the design of single room size and room connectivity.     

Study on Simulation Method of Heating and Air - conditioning Energy Consumption of Residential Buildings

The heating and air conditioning energy consumption of residential buildings is influenced by the behavior of indoor living personnel.On the basis of research and analysis,two kinds of calculation modes reflecting the behavior of indoor living personnel are estimated.Under two kinds of different calculation modes,by using the building thermal environment simulation Toolkit DeST to simulate the energy consumption calculation for certain residential building in Shanghai,and the simulation results are compared with the research results.The influence of calculation mode on heating and air conditioning energy consumption of residential buildings in Shanghai is analyzed in this paper.In order to obtain the right simulation calculation method correctly reflecting the energy consumption of residential buildings.This method can be used for analysis and evaluation of heating and air conditioning energy consumption of residential buildings in Shanghai,and it can serve as instruction for right energy design of residence building.     

Effects of Operation Mode of Air Conditioning on Energy Consumption of Heating and Air Conditioning in Residential Buildings

By using the building thermal environment simulation Toolkit DeST to simulation calculation of a residential building in Shanghai,the quantitative relationship between the factors of operation mode of air conditioning affecting the energy consumption of heating and air conditioning in residential buildings has been obtained in this paper,moreover,it has come to a conclusion that the tolerable temperature is superior to control temperature of air conditioning in respect of sensitivity and the living mode of indoor personnel has certain effect on the cold energy consumption.     

Friendly Neighborhood Boundary Space Design

Residential area mode of China originates from "neighborhood unit" and "unit compound", they are isolated from the city and known as "islet" and "fragment". The isolation of residence from city breaks the urban structure, increases scale of blocks, and aggravates urban traffic and other problems. In view of this, it is imperative to explore the ways of designing "friendly neighborhood boundary spaces" between residential areas and the city, for example, by extending urban street spaces inward, opening boundary spaces of residential quarters to the city, constructing a boundary space network of residential areas harmoniously integrated into street life.     

Ventilation regulating methods adapting by climate for residential housing

To study the climatic control strategies of the residential building indoor acceptable thermal environment, firstly, based on adaptive model, integrated indoor activities, clothes and spot investigation on air velocity of residential building, this paper calculates an acceptable temperature range. Secondly, through state-space techniques, common passive regulating technologies in residential building have been simulated, including different ventilation rates and divided-period setting ventilation effect on indoor temperature. Meanwhile, monthly regulating methods for ventilation have been proposed. Thirdly, through ventilation technology, effective regulating zone of outdoor climate parameters have been analyzed, which is combined with hythergraph of outdoor temperature, humidity, solar radiation and air velocity. Taking the characteristics of the human thermal comfort adaptability into consideration, the energy-saving potential of the study results is also analyzed.     

Making Good Use of the Situation for Reasonable Optimization-The Sidelight of Planning & Design for Teaching Hospital of Medical Research Institute in Chongqing University

In this paper, taking the project of the Teaching Hospital of Medical Research Institute in Chongqing University, the one of the reconstruction of original building, as an example, the design methods in the course of location, planning and building design as well as detail design under the design principle "Making Good Use of the Situation for Reasonable Optimization" are expounded.     

关于河北省农村新民居建设的实证性研究

农村新民居建设是推进社会主义新农村建设的重要内容,代表农村发展的方向。有鉴于此,本文力求总结河北省农村新民居工作的经验,为农村新民居建设提供决策依据。通过广泛而深入的调查研究,总结了河北省当前推进新民居设所取得的成效,梳理分析了河北省新民居建设进程当中所存在的问题,并提出了解决问题的对策建议：盘活农村土地,以城带乡,以工补农;简化审批手续,放宽建设周转用地政策;制定新民居建设推进法和新民居拆迁实施细则;完善扶持政策,加强落实督办;教育培训领导干部,提高认识。对河北省新民居建设工作进行了归纳,进而总结出的工作方法对于推进农村新民居建设进程有一定的借鉴意义。     

Optimizing insulation thickness of external walls for residential buildings

Many residential buildings use externally insulated wall structures in Chongqing, P.R. China. The process of determining the economic insulation thickness was based on degree days and present worth factor when wall structure adopted different insulation materials. The optimal economic insulation thickness was related to the region of the building, air conditioning operating time, and price of insulation material. Insulation materials with better thermal performance have a shorter payback time and wider prospects for application.     

Experimental Analysis of Building Space Constructions on Hot smoke Flow in Residential Fire

Based on the characteristics of spatial structure of residential units, the effect of building space construction on temperature raise and hot smoke flow in residential fire was analyzed on building model with simulating multiple floors and rooms. The raise and distribution of temperature indoors were mainly tested under varied location of fire sources. And, the rule of smoke flow was discussed by using the law of temperature raise, indirectly. The results indicate that the mode of smoke flows is influenced by three spatial factors which include the form of junction terminal room construction; the height of down stand above the door and the relative locations of each room. The diffusion of hot smoke is prevented effectively by the down stand of the room; the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor should be higher than that of the room without down stand. When the open direction of door in non fire room is opposite to that of the door in fire room, there is much more hot smoke.     

The Research of Dynamic Characteristic with GPS under Ambient Excitation for High-rise Building

Based on GPS technology,this paper studies the dynamic characteristic under ambient excitation of major blocks of Chongqing University and analyze excitation data and verifies the excitation scheme.The result of research indicates that the building vibration frequency can be obtained accurately and quickly to monitor dynamic characteristic of buildings under ambient excitation with GPS.It provides reference for structural design of high-rise building and basis of correcting error of construction accurately.     

Application of GPS Technology in High-rise Building Axis Monitoring

In order to meet the modern construction demand,in this paper,with the project where the GPS technology used to monitor the axis of main teaching building of Chongqing University(verticality),the application of this technology is expounded.The result indicates,in high-rise construction,it is a kind of effective method to use GPS to control the axis.     

Analyses of Current Situation of Energy Management in LargePublic Buildings of Chongqing

This study doing statistics of energy consumption and energy auditing of state organs buildings and large public building in Chongqing, then according to the buildings use function classification, analysis problems in energy management and give advices, provides theoretical foundation for establishing state organs buildings and large public building energy-saving system and improving level of building energy-saving management.     

Building Energy Conservation with MARKAL Model

MARKAL is a generic model tailored by the input data to represent the evolution over a period of usually 40 to 50 years of a specific energy system at the national, regional, state or province, or community level. The database specifies the energy demands -industrial, commercial, residential, and transportation that need to be satisfied over the next several decades. It describes the available sources of supply of energy, either domestic resources or imports of oil, coal, natural gas, nuclear fuel, and renewable. A menu of technologies is provided for extracting, transporting, converting, and using energy, both existing technologies and those expected to be available within the time horizon of the model. The essential characteristics of the technologies are specified, such as their investment cost, operating and maintenance costs, service life, fuel use, efficiency, availability, output, and maximum expected market penetration. As a linear program, the model then chooses the best combination of these technologies to satisfy the projected energy demands. The basic components in a MARKAL model are specific types of energy or emission control technology. Both the supply and demand sides are integrated, so that one side responds automatically to changes in the other. The model selects that combination of technologies that minimizes total energy system cost. In the end, the article describes energy conservation for building in Chongqing.