具集中质量悬索在轴向激励作用下的主共振分析

针对具有集中荷载作用的两端固定悬索在悬索端点外激励作用下悬索系统发生的强迫振动,研究了激励频率接近悬索主共振频率时,系统产生的主共振.1)采用多尺度法,得到了不同振型的主共振分叉图和主共振分叉点的解析解;2)通过实例计算,得到了悬索的不同振型的主共振分叉图和主共振分叉点位置.     

移动集中力作用下的悬索非线性动力分析

建立了移动集中力作用下悬索的非线性方程．指出了移动集中力对悬索的影响相当于强迫激励．当移动集中力运动速度与悬索横向弹性波速度一致时．系统将发生主共振．通过多尺度法求解．得到了主共振时各阶分叉点．通过效值计算,得到了分叉图．     

横风公路行车安全引导系统

公路上横风由于其突发性和隐蔽性,对车辆行车安全性有较大影响,对大、中型客车等厢式车辆影响尤为突出,常导致重大恶性交通事故。目前国内在横风多发路段并无完备的横风预警与控制方面的智能设备,仅仅通过设置橫风标志牌以警示驾驶人,无法满足车辆在横风天气下的安全行驶。本研究以横风公路行车安全限速模型为基础,建立一个通过风速、风向传感器等实时测量和数据采集,经Zigbee通信传输至中心ARM处理器进行分析处理,再由可变信息板等组成的发布模块对结果进行发布的横风公路行车安全引导系统,以提高公路车辆在横风气象条件下的安全性。从实际应用角度出发,建立的公路横风的安全引导系统,具有价格低廉、智能灵敏特性,拥有良好的系统扩展性和市场推广性。     

基于虚拟样机技术的双横臂独立前悬架振动仿真分析及参数优化

根据振动力学以及多刚体系统动力学原理，分析了悬架系统的振动模型，同时对双横臂独立前悬架做了合理的简化，建立了双横臂独立式前悬架力学及虚拟样机模型，并在虚拟样机软件ADAMS/VIEW模块上进行仿真，在此基础上对前悬架的各个参数进行优化设计，使得悬架振动达到一个最优值。     

大跨度悬索静力构形和内力计算方法

建立悬索重力曲线方程的差分形式,给出悬索在自重、索端移动、集中力作用下非线性分析的一种简单的有限差分法迭代模型。与有限元方法不同,本方法不需要悬索初始线形,只需要输入悬索两端坐标、索截面面积、弹性模量、初始张力,可计算悬索在不同状态下的张力和线形,算例表明该方法收敛速度快,精度高。     

缆索吊车悬索系统吊载振动计算

缆吊悬索系统的振动是影响工作稳定、生产效率以及结构强度的主要因素。文章作为悬索系统动力学研究的第一部分,侧重分析起吊荷载的振动,建立了吊载的动力学模型;并对卸载冲击、平面外偏斜起吊等工况下,悬索及吊载的振动进行了计算。结果表明,单索缆吊悬索系统及吊载的振动相当显著,带来的危害严重,工程实践中必须加以重视。     

无荷悬索计算精度与悬空条件的研究

通过对无荷悬索的受力分析,运用抛物线理论的假设条件和曲线方程,推导出无荷悬索设计、架设和安装时的主要参数计算公式,进而计算分析满足无荷悬索的悬空条件时的水平张力系数λ_0的取值大小。     

集中荷载作用下悬索张力的检测与实验

推导了移动集中荷载作用下悬索的非线性振动方程,用瑞利能量法得到索力与悬索固有频率之间的计算公式,同时用实验的方法测量了悬索索力与自振频率的关系.结果表明:索力不单决定于悬索的固有频率,还与集中荷载大小及其在悬索上的位置有关,采用传统的索力计算公式将产生很大的误差.     

缆索吊车悬索系统运动载荷的动力响应

缆索吊车悬索系统在集中运动载荷作用下,将发生一系列参数变异。本文作为动力学研究的第二部分,系统地分析了运动载荷作用下悬索的横向振动特性,推导了动力影响线和索张力动分量的显式数学解。计算结果表明,利用动力影响线来描述实际平稳运动载荷作用下的悬索动力响应,具有相当的可靠度;运动速度的变异对动态振幅和张力影响不大,而集中载荷大小是敏感影响参量。     

塔架弹性对缆索起重机悬索系统横向振动特性的影响

本文将刚度系数 K_T 引入到悬索功力计算公式中,定量地研究了支承塔架弹性对缆索起重机悬索系统横向振动特性的影响。这一影响除了随 K_T值的减小愈加严重外,还受到其它参数,如悬索垂跨比 n_0的制约,当 n_0较小时更应予以关注。     

垂直轴风力机概述

指出了风力机分为水平轴风力机与垂直轴风力机,随着对风能利用率要求的提高,垂直轴风力机以其独特的优势逐渐成为风力研究的重点领域。介绍了垂直轴风力机的主要类型、简要的发展历程以及国内外学者目前的一些研究现状,分析了垂直轴风力机发展所遇到的一些问题及今后可行的研究方向。     

北京西山可燃物特点及潜在火行为

以北京西山魏家村林场为研究区域,通过样地调查和森林清查数据将可燃物划分为针叶林、阔叶林、混交林和疏林地。根据样地调查和树木生物量模型计算不同类型和不同层次的可燃物载量、厚度和高度。根据2000—2006年当地气象数据,确定历史平均最大风速的平均值和主风向,在此背景下对风场进行模拟,进而对地表火和树冠火进行模拟计算,计算出不同类型火发生时火蔓延速度、火强度和火焰高度的分布图。地表火的蔓延速度为0.01～0.22m.s-1,树冠火的蔓延速度为0.12～2.25m.s-1;地表火的火线强度为144～6595kW.m-1,树冠火的火线强度为3214～189002kW.m-1;地表火的火焰高度为0.37～2.50m,树冠火的火焰高度为1.75～13.4m。通过对可燃物和火行为指标的计算,可以为防火林带规划和防火林管理提供依据,也可为可燃物管理、扑火安全防范等提供借鉴。     

低郁闭度乔灌混交林防风效果风洞试验研究

通过对均匀分布和行带式分布模式的风洞试验研究,得出2种分布的水平和垂直空间风速的变化存在差异。主要表现在：（1）2种分布模式形成风影区和风速加速区相互组合的复杂水平风速流场结构。均匀分布模式中产生＂狭管增速效益＂,出现了较大面积的三角形风速加速区,而行带式分布模式未形成风速加速区。（2）2种分布模式对风速的影响高度低于20 cm,20 cm以上的风速均为层流运动。均匀分布模式0.4-6cm高度的风速有一定变化,但风速运动方式仍为层流运动;行带式分布模式0.4-6 cm高度的风速变化较大,风速为湍流运动。2种模式末端的风速,行带式分布要低于均匀分布。因而,行带式分布模式乔灌混交林的防风效果高于均匀分布模式。     

两行一带式乔木固沙林带风速流场和防风效果风洞试验

研究在风速为10和15 m·s<'-1>的风洞试验条件下,覆盖度为20%和25%的3种两行一带模式固沙林内的水平和垂直方向的风速变化情况,以期对3种模式的风速流场和防风效果进行比较分析.结果表明:3种配置模式在0.31H高度形成了风影区和风速加速区相互组合的复杂流场结构,覆盖度25%的两行一带模式的防风效果高于覆盖度20%的两行一带模式.3种模式在不同高度的风速变化规律相同,可划分为3层:微变化层(1.54H和2H)、显著变化层(0.46H和0.92H)和稳定变化层(0.06～0.12H)3个层次.3种模式降低风速的效果为:D=4H(H为带间距)L=4 cm(L为行距)模式大于D=5H,L=0.08 m模式和覆盖度20%(D=5H,L=0.04 m),后2种模式相同.     

THE DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTICS OF TURBULENCE ON LEESIDE OF WINDBREAKS

The distributive characteristies of turbulence,turbulent vclocity,turbulent intensityand Rcynolds stress,in horizontal and vertical direction on leeward side of windbreak were dis-cussed in this paper.The results show that all the three kinds of parameters of turbulence have thesimilar distributive patterns in lec,their peaks were around 10H for houizontal and Z/H=1 forvertical.The windbreak is important barrier to affect the structure and distribution of wind speedand turvbulence.Porosities of windbreaks could alter the patterns of turbulence,therefore,affect theabilities and functions of windbreaks.     

民勤沙区沙丘的基本特征及其移动规律研究

民勤沙区的沙丘包括新月型沙丘、新月型沙丘链、沙垄、沙堆和复合型沙丘及沙丘链5 种类型;沙丘高度一般为4~10 m;沙丘走向有横向(NE-SW)和纵向(NW-SE)以及多风向形成的不规则形。沙丘移动的基本特征是:(1)风是沙丘移动的动力,风向单一时沙丘移动速度快。(2)沙丘越高移动速度越缓慢。(3)沙丘自西北向东南方向移动为主。(4)沙丘移动的方式有前进式、摆动式和摆动前进式3 种。(5)植被盖度越大移动就越缓慢。(6)一年中5月份移动速度最快,9月份最为缓慢。     

The stability of different silvicultural systems: a wind-tunnel investigation

We report on a wind-tunnel study with 1 : 75 scale model treesdesigned to examine the influence of canopy structure on theformation of turbulent gusts above forests. This was to testthe hypothesis that more irregular canopy structures produceless intense gusts because the change in wind speed with heightat canopy top is less severe. Measurements were made of windspeeds and turbulence within and above the model forests andof the wind loading on model trees in four different silviculturalsystems. The systems tested were even-aged, single-tree selection,shelterwood/group selection and strip felling. The measurementsshowed that the profiles of different mean wind and turbulencecharacteristics above the forests are remarkably similar whenvertical heights are normalized by the height of the tallesttree but differences do exist within the canopy. The wind loadingmeasurements indicated no difference between the systems interms of stability except possibly for the shelterwood/groupselection. In the shelterwood/group selection system the presenceof smaller sub-canopy trees appears to reduce the loading onthe main canopy trees either by providing support and increasingdamping or by absorption of energy from the canopy-penetratinggusts.     

Climate change and the probability of wind damage in two Swedish forests

We simulated how possible changes in wind and ground-frost climate and state of the forest due to changes in the future climate may affect the probability of exceeding critical wind speeds expected to cause wind damage within one northern and one southern study area in Sweden, respectively. The topography of the study areas was relatively gentle and the forests were dominated by Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). Using estimated changes in the net primary production (NPP) due to climate change and assuming a relative change in the site productivity equal to a relative change in NPP, we simulated possible future states of the forest under gradual adjustment of the site index in response to climate change using the model The Forest Time Machine. Global climate change scenarios based on two emission scenarios and one general circulation model were downscaled to the regional level. The modified WINDA model was used to calculate the sensitivity of the forest to wind and the probability of wind damage for individual forest stands for the periods 2011–2041 and 2071–2100 and for a control period 1961–1990. This was done while taking into account effects on stability of the forest from expected changes in the occurrence of ground frost. Increasing sensitivity of the forest to wind was indicated for both study areas when adhering to recommended management rules of today. Adding also a changed wind climate further increased the probability of wind damage. Calculated probabilities of wind damage were generally higher in the southern study area than in the northern one and were explained by differences in wind climate and the state of the forests, for example with respect to tree species composition. The indicated increase in sensitivity of the forest to wind under the current management regime, and possibly increasing windiness, motivate further analysis of the effects of different management options on the probability of wind damage and what modifications of Swedish forest management are possibly warranted.     

Impact of wind direction on diurnal and seasonal changes in wind profiles

We explored the relationship between directional variation (changes in direction from a reference point) in vegetation and wind profiles, and propose an empirical wind profile model that may reproduce the wind profile within the canopy (such as secondary wind maximum) and reduce calculation loads. Based on the results of our observations in secondary broad-leaved forest, we clarified the variation in secondary wind maximum and aerodynamic parameters in wind direction, and assessed the influence of forest structural heterogeneity on the wind profile. Wind blew from specific directions depending on the time of day and season, and secondary wind maxima were observed in particular wind directions. Outlier estimations of aerodynamic parameters were determined for wind directions of 45°, 120–210°, and 300°, and these did not show a logarithmic distribution. Our proposed model reproduced the wind profile within and above the canopy, closely resembling K-theory and closure models, and reduced the required number of calculations and observations. The influence of forest structural heterogeneity was greatest in the upper part of the canopy (9.14 m), and reproducibility of the wind profile was improved by 0.05 m/s (3.4% on average) by changing the forest structural parameters of the model according to the wind direction. It was clear that forest structural heterogeneity did not cause critical errors in estimation of the wind profile, even at our study site, which had complex forest structure.     

后期热固化处理对竹基纤维复合材料性能的影响

对竹基纤维复合材料进行两种条件(80℃处理8h和50℃处理24 h)的热固化处理后,观测其表观形貌,并进行拉伸、压缩、水平剪切性能以及疲劳性能检测.结果表明:经过热固化处理后,竹基纤维复合材料表面有不连续的微小裂纹产生,其拉伸、压缩、水平剪切性能略有提高,疲劳性能则无显著变化.