五种桉树木材的吸声性能

本文以广西东门林场的人工林尾叶桉(Eucalyptusurophylla),尾巨桉(EucalyptusurophyllaE.grandis),尾园桉(E.urophyllaE.tereticornis),尾赤桉(E.urophyllaE.camaldulensis)和大花序桉(E.cloeziana)木材为主要材料,用驻波管法测试了五种桉树木材的吸声系数,比较了这些桉树木材的吸声性能,结果显示五种桉树木材的吸声系数在频率1000赫兹之内变化不大,之后随频率的增加吸声系数也在增加。在频率200至2000赫兹范围内,五种桉树木材的吸声系数差异不显著,在低频区域,尾叶桉的吸声性能较好。在所测试的声波频率范围内,桉木弦锯板的吸声系数高于径锯板;0.5厘米厚的锯材的吸声性能好于1.0厘米厚的锯材;因此,桉木板材的种类和板材的厚度影响其吸声性能,但五种桉树木材的吸声性能差异不显著。图2表4参6。     

两种桉树与厚荚相思混交的生长效应研究

对尾叶桉和雷林１号桉与厚荚相思的两种混交方式混交林的生长、抗风力进行了研究,结果表明：以桉树为主要目的树种的混交林,所选用桉树的生长量大于相思时,其增产效应显著,尾叶桉与厚荚相思带状混交能明显提高尾叶桉的生长量,以４行带效果最好,适宜在风害不严重的地区采用。尾叶桉与厚荚相思行间混交能降低厚荚相思的风害率并能明显增加混交林单位面积的木材产量,在沿海台风多发地区是有推广价值的一种混交方式。     

桉树良种DH32-43扦插育苗技术

DH32-43是广西国有东门林场选育的尾叶桉×巨桉杂交桉无性系,于2012年12月通过广西林木品种审定委员会审定为桉树良种(良种编号:桂S-SC-EE-024-2012).为了规范DH32-43扦插育苗技术,促进桉树产业化发展,对DH32-43实施扦插育苗的相关技术流程提出了具体要求,本文从采穗圃的建立、优质母苗的培育、扦插及插后管理等进行了分述,以期为DH32-43扦插育苗的规模化生产提供参考.     

Characterization of viscoelastic,shrinkage and transverse anatomy properties of four Australian hardwood species

Abstract

Several key wood properties of four Australian hardwood species: Corymbia citriodora, Eucalyptus pilularis, Eucalyptus marginata and Eucalyptus obliqua, were characterized using state-of-the-art equipment at AgroParisTech, ENGREF, France. The wood properties were measured for input into microscopic (cellular level) and macroscopic (board level) vacuum-drying models currently under development. Morphological characterization was completed using a combination of environmental scanning electron microscopy and image analysis software. A clear difference in fibre porosity, size, wall thickness and orientation was evident between species. Viscoelastic properties were measured in the tangential and radial directions using dynamic mechanical analysis instrumentation. The glass transition temperature was markedly different for each species owing to anatomical and chemical variations. The radial direction showed higher stiffness, internal friction and glass transition temperature than the tangential direction. A highly sensitive microbalance and laser technology were used to measure loss of moisture content in conjunction with directional shrinkage on microsamples. Collapse shrinkage was clearly evident with this method for E. obliqua, but not with other species, consistent with industrial seasoning experience. To characterize the wood–water relations of E. obliqua, free of collapse, thinner sample sections (in the radial–tangential plane) are recommended.     

赣南北缘寒冷地区引种、试种桉树报告

通过对江西省宁都县引种、试种的多个桉树品系/种源的生长量及冻害调查分析,结果表明:参试品种(品系)仅本沁桉、邓恩桉和赤桉冻伤程度相对较轻,但是生长较慢;其它速生品系冻伤较重,冻伤等级均达到Ⅲ级(含以上),如巨桉、尾细桉、尾赤桉、韦赤桉、尾巨桉等。赣南北缘大规模发展速生桉树风险较大。综合考量情况下,局部地区发展速丰用材林可选择亚林巨桉、韦赤桉GY-66、尾细桉M1、DH184-1四种品系,邓恩桉、本沁桉和赤桉等较耐寒品系适宜生态公益林、园林绿化或公路旁栽种。     

吴钰琳尾巨桉废料的白背毛木耳栽培技术

通过专业调查,发现尾巨桉是栽培白背毛木耳的好原料之一,据此介绍尾巨桉栽培白背毛木耳的菌种、生产工艺流程、栽培关键技术。分析认为：利用尾巨桉锯末、边角料种植白背毛木耳,既开辟了桉树新用途,又改善了工厂卫生环境;而种植白背毛木耳的废料,又可用作育苗轻型基质、有机肥等,是循环经济的一种好的利用模式。     

Relationship between species diversity and biomass of eucalyptus plantation in Guangxi, south China

To reveal the relationship between species diversity and biomass in a eucalyptus (Eucalyptus urophylla × E. grandis) plantation located in the Dongmen State Forestry Farm of Guangxi, south China, 18 sample plots were established and the total biomass, arbor layer biomass and undergrowth biomass of communities were subsequently harvested. The results were as follows: 1) Species richness in eucalypt plantation had remarkable positive correlation with biomass of arbor layer, undergrowth and community (α = 0.001), its correlation coefficients were 0.6935, 0.7028 and 0.7106 respectively. 2) Leaf area index (LAI) had remarkable positive correlation with species richness and undergrowth biomass (α = 0.001). Its correlation coefficients were 0.7310 and 0.6856, respectively. 3) Arbor layer biomass had remarkable correlation with soil organic matter and hydrolysable N, its correlation coefficients was 0.6416 and 0.6203 respectively. Species richness had remarkable correlation with soil organic matter and correlation coefficient was 0.6359. Among them, the correlation was significant at the 0.1 level. Undergrowth biomass had little correlation with nine soil nutrients and correlation coefficients were under 0.4. To sum up, species diversity was advantageous to the promotion of the biomass of the eucalyptus plantation, and the variation of LAI and soil nutrient in small-scales could result in the difference of species diversity and biomass in different sample plots. Translater from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2008, 44(4): 14–19 [译自: 林业科学]     

桉树纸浆材生长、材性指标近交退化和杂种优势分析

以尾叶桉 (EucalyptusurophyllaS .T .Blake)自交F1子代、尾叶桉株间杂交F1子代、尾叶桉自由授粉F1子代和尾×巨桉 (E .urophylla×grandis)种间杂交F1子代林为试材 ,讨论分析了桉树生长、材性指标的近交退化和杂种优势规律性 .结果如下 :①尾叶桉近交退化现象呈现自交子代比自由授粉子代显著 ,生长性状比材质性状显著的规律性 .②尾叶按自交子代树高、胸径和材积具有显著至极显著的近交退化 ;生材含水率、木材基本密度和树皮厚度无近交退化 .③尾叶桉自由授粉子代树高、胸径和材积有一定程度的近交退化 ,但不甚显著 ;生材含水率、木材基本密度和树皮厚度无近交退化 .④尾叶桉与巨桉种间杂交子代的树高、胸径和材积可获得显著的杂种优势 ,但不同杂交组合的杂种优势率大有差别 ;子代的生材含水率、木材基本密度和成熟材纤维长度无杂种优势 ;子代的树皮厚度和 1%NaOH抽提物含量呈显著性降低     

9种桉树幼林营养元素累积特性研究

为了研究在相同立地和养分供给条件下,不同桉树的生物量和营养元素(N、P、K)累积量及其分配特征,以1年生9种桉树(尾叶桉、窿缘桉、细叶桉、大叶桉、赤桉、巨桉、粗皮桉、托里桉、大花序桉)为材料,通过测定树根、树干、树皮、叶片、树枝5个器官的生物量以及氮、磷、钾含量,了解养分吸收和分配情况,揭示生物量构成特点。结果表明:9种桉树总生物量最大的是赤桉,为711.20 g·株-1,其次是托里桉、粗皮桉、巨桉、大叶桉、细叶桉、尾叶桉和大花序桉,窿缘桉的生物量最小,为69.20 g·株-1。不同器官生物量分配规律为树干或叶片最大,树根、树枝、树皮次之。不同器官营养元素含量为叶片最高,树干最低。9树种营养元素累积总量由高到低排序为赤桉(29)托里桉(29)巨桉(29)大叶桉(29)粗皮桉(29)细叶桉(29)尾叶桉(29)大花序桉(29)窿缘桉,各树种对3种元素累积量均为N最多,其次是K,P最少;9树种对N、P和K的吸收效率范围为分别为0.80%~7.69%,0.11%~1.32%和0.61%~10.38%;吸收效率最高的为赤桉,最低的为大花序桉,而其他桉树对各元素的吸收效率规律各不相同。     

Influence of Planting Spacing on Mechanical Properties of Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla Planted in China

The objective of this study was to understand influence of planting spacing on mechanical properties of Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla planted as a potential species for solid wood products in China. Four trees at age of 13 were selected from each of 6 groups of planting spacing and a total of 24 sampling trees were selected from the Dongmen Forestry Center of Guangxi Province in China. Furthermore, a one-meter-long log from each tree was cut into small blocks for wood properties testing. MOE, MOR and co...     

桉树木材旋切单板质量以及制造胶合板工艺的研究

对福建省主要桉树木材材性及其旋切单板厚度偏差、背面裂隙率进行检测分析,探讨木材旋切单板的适应性和制造胶合板的工艺并采用正交法优选最佳工艺参数。结果表明:尾叶桉单板背面裂隙率和单板厚度变动系数比尾巨桉小,尾叶桉用于旋切1.5 mm厚度单板质量较佳。尾叶桉木材制造胶合板较佳工艺参数:热压温度为130℃、单位压力为1.4 MPa、热压时间为1.35 min·mm-1、涂胶量为320 g·m-2。工艺条件对板材性能均有影响,桉树木材龄级对板材性能影响显著,随着桉树龄级的增大,板材性能有较大幅度提高,特别是静曲强度、弹性模量影响最为明显。     

Collapse-type shrinkage characteristics in plantation-grown eucalypts： I . Correlations of basic density and some structural indices with shrinkage and collapse properties

Collapse-type shrinkage is one of highly refractory drying defects in low-medium density plantation-grown eucalypt wood used as solid wood products. Basic density (BD), microfibril angle (MFA), double fibre cell wall thickness (DWT), proportion of ray parenchyma (RP), unit cell wall shrinkage, total shrinkage and residual collapse, which are associated with collapse-type shrinkage characteristics, were investigated by using simple regression method for three species of collapse-susceptible Eucalyptus urophyll, E. grandis and E.urophyllaxE.grandis, planted at Dong-Men Forest Farm in Guangxi autonomous region, China. The results indicated that : unit cell wall shrinkage had a extremely strong positive correlation with BD, moderately strong positive correlation with DWT, and a weakly or moderately negative correlation with RP and MFA; total shrinkage was positively correlated with BD, DWT and RP and negatively related to MFA, but not able to be predicted ideally by any examined factors alone owing to lower R^2 value (R^2≤0.5712); residual collapse was negatively correlated with BD and DWT, linearly positively correlated with MFA, and had strongly positive linear correlation with RP. It is concluded that BD can be used as single factor (R^2≥0.9412) to predicate unit cell wall shrinkage and RP is the relatively sound indicator for predicting residual collapse     

桉树不同地理种源木材构造性质比较研究

在海南省琼海市，中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所按树种源试验林内，采集了巨桉，柳桉，赤桉和尾叶桉４４个种源的木材试材，对木材解剖了分子和基本密度进行了研究和评优，从中选出巨桉１４８６０、１４８４９、１４５０９，柳桉１４４２９，１４４３５、１４５２７；赤桉１２１８７、１５０５０、１５０６２和尾叶桉１５０８９为最优种源。     

永安桉树发展中的品种选用策略

福建省永安市冬季较为寒冷,本不是发展桉树的理想地区。永安市在桉树短周期用材林基地工程建设中,根据自己的发展目标和地理、气候特点,应用研究的成果,在低海拔地区应用尾巨桉、巨尾桉等速生但耐寒能力偏低的品种,在高海拔地区采用邓恩桉、柳桉等耐寒但较速生性稍差的品种,以充分利用桉树的速生性能;并制定预防寒害的培育措施,研究新品种,以降低寒害的威胁。     

15年生巨尾桉人工林木材物理力学性质的研究

为了更好开发利用15年生巨尾桉人工林木材,本研究以广西南宁市树木园15年生巨尾桉(Eucalyptus×E.urophylla)人工林木材为研究对象,对其物理以及力学性质进行了测试、分析。结果表明,15年生巨尾桉属中密度等级材,体积干缩系数小;抗弯强度,抗弯弹性模量、顺纹抗压强度和冲击韧性分别为83.9、12790、44.2、65KJ/m2,对应的强度等级分别为2级、3级、1级、2级;端面、弦面和径面的硬度分别为68.9、51.3、55.1MPa,其中端面硬度已经达到了4级标准,弦面和径面的硬度也达到了三级标准。木材综合强度为128.1MPa,属高强度树种;木材的综合品质系数达到了191.2GPa,属于低等级材。     

Molecular Discrimination of Eucalypt Clones Using the ISSR Marker System

Clonal forestry captures genetic gain generated by skillful selection and is now well recognized as a method for mass production of desired trees to obtain increased economic benefits. In Eucalyptus, clonal plantations have enhanced the productivity twofold, compared to plantations of unimproved seed origin. The present investigation was carried out to assess the genetic relationship of 41 eucalypt clones using the intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) marker system. The ISSR-derived dendrogram and principal coordinate analysis (PCA) clustered 39 clones into two groups of E. camaldulensis and E. tereticornis in agreement with their taxonomic classification. Further, a total of three clone specific diagnostic markers and five unique profiles were identified using five ISSR primers. The eucalypt clones analyzed in the present investigations are derived from the breeding populations of both the species and are presently being used for large-scale plantation and hybridization studies. The molecular marker based clonal discrimination can be used to avoid duplication of clones and quality control of planting stock.

[Supplementary materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Journal of Sustainable Forestry for the following free supplemental resource(s): ISSR Profiles of Eucalyptus Clones]     

不同桉树无性系生长对比试验及经济效益分析

3个桉树无性系在相同立地条件下的造林对比试验的研究结果表明,3个桉树无性系在胸径、树高、蓄积量生长方面均存在显著差异,适宜本区发展的无性系为尾巨桉3228和尾巨桉3229,而尾叶桉U6生长较差;从效益分析来看,采用尾巨桉3228和尾巨桉3229造林比尾叶桉U6造林具有明显的优势.     

闽南山地桉树种/种源选择试验研究

闽南山地引种的19个不同桉树种／种源对比试验研究表明，尾巨桉、巨尾桉及广西尾叶桉属高产型树种，年平均蓄积生长量达35．3－53．3m^.hm^-2，其山地造林后表现适应性强、树干圆满通直、林木分化程度低，林相整齐、生产力高、经示范推广收效显著，是闽南山地短周期工业原 造林的首选树种，值得大力推广引种。     

Eucalypt Wood Anatomical and Physical Properties and Their Effects on Plywood Veneer Quality

In order to better understand the reasons why eucalypt veneer checks easily and severely, wood samples of three eucalypt species were selected, and their anatomical and physical properties were examined according to conventional methods and the national standards. The effects of variances in cell wall thickness of wood fibre and vessel, and diameter of the cell lumen as well as the tissue ratio on the quality of plywood veneer were analysed. The results show that： 1） There is a great difference in fibre cell wall thickness and diameter of the cell lumen between early wood and late wood of Eucalyptus delegatensis. 2） E. obliqua has a high wood fibre tissue ratio and the thickest fibre cell wall, but the difference inthe fibre cell wall thickness between early wood and late wood is the smallest. 3） The wood fibre tissue ratio of E. regnans is smaller than that of E. obliqua, and its wood fibre cell wall isthe thinnest and there is only a very small difference in fibre cell wall thickness between early wood and late wood. The difference inthe diameter of wood fibre cell lumen among early wood, transition area and late wood is also small： 4） E. delegatensis has the highest tangential shrinkage rate and radial-tangential shrinkage rate, andE. obliqua has the lowest. It is the variability of wood anatomical properties of these species that cause the difference in the veneer shrinkagei and then affects plywood veneer quality.