春兰、豆瓣兰、莲瓣兰和春剑4种国兰种子萌发特性研究初报

采用无菌播种技术,对春兰、豆瓣兰、莲瓣兰和春剑4种兰属植物进行种子萌发试验。试验结果表明,种子萌发所需时间及萌发率与兰花种类及其果实成熟度、所选培养基等因素有关。春兰、豆瓣兰、莲瓣兰的种子萌发较易,而春剑较难;莲瓣兰种子萌发率较高;培养基A和C可促进豆瓣兰种子萌发,培养基B可促进莲瓣兰种子萌发,培养基A和B可促进春兰种子萌发。观察研究还发现,被1种细菌感染的兰花种子更易萌发。     

Zur Taxonomie,Entwicklung und Schadwirkung der Tannentrieblaus,Dreyfusia nordmannianae (Eckst.) (D. nüsslini C. B.) im Raum Seefeld-Leutasch,Nord-Tirol

Zusammenfassung In den Jahren 1977 bis 1979 im Raum Seefeld-Leutasch, Nordtirol, in Gebirgs-Tannenmischwäldern durchgeführte Untersuchungen über bösartige Tannenläuse (Adelgidae) ergaben, daß als einzige Art dortDreyfusia nordmannianae auftrat. Dabei konnten sich Stammläuse auch an Trieben weiterentwickeln. Die Eiablage fand zwischen Anfang Mai und Anfang Juni, das Schlüpfen der Neosistentes zwischen Mitte Mai und Ende Juli statt. Die Zahl der Neosistentes übertraf jene der Neoprogredientes beträchtlich. Der Besatz der Tannen mitDreyfusia war an sonnigen Standorten, verbunden mit Waldweide, besonders hoch. Im Raum Seefeld-Leutasch was der Anteil der vonDreyfusia befallenen Tannen deutlich geringer als im Raum Kufstein, doch starben im Raum Seefeld dreimal so viele Bäume ab wie im Raum Kufstein.

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Studies on taxonomy, development and damages of the balsam woolly aphid, Dreyfusia nordmannianae (Eckst.) in the area of Seefeld-Leutasch (the Northern Tyrol)

Investigations which were made in 1977–1979 in the alp mountains around Seefeld on the Adelgidae sucking on silver fir showed that there wasDreyfusia nordmannianae only. Time of egg laying was from early May till early June, and of emergence of the neosistentes from middle May till late July. The number of neosistentes was much greater than those of neoprogredientes. Most aphids were to be found in those stations where there was most light and wood grazing. In the area of SeefeldD. nordmannianae attacked the firs in a less extent than in the area of Kufstein, but in the former the fir trees died three times more than in the latter.

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Mit einer Abbildung und 4 Tabellen

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Teil einer Dissertation am Institut für Zoologie der Universität Innsbruck, 1980.     

荷花玉兰,海南木莲,阴香,樟树（附黄樟）

荷花玉兰（广玉兰、洋玉兰、大花玉兰）木兰科Magnolia grandiflora L.常绿乔木,高8～20（～30）m。树皮褐色,平滑;幼枝具托叶环痕,芽被锈色绒毛。树冠广圆卵形。叶互生,厚革质,长椭圆形或倒卵状长椭圆形,     

狭叶方竹一新变型

该变型秆之节间实心,与原变种不同.它产于重庆市梁平县.     

云南樟,新樟,细叶香桂,银桂的抗冻性研究

冷冬是影响云南省樟树生产的重要原因之一。经低温处理云南樟、新樟、细叶香桂、银桂4种植物的离体新鲜叶片后,用电导法测定叶片浸提液电介质渗出率,并计算各植物的半致死温度。根据半致死温度,就能合理布局云南省云南樟、新樟、细叶香桂和银桂的生产。     

Utilization and traditional strategies of in situ conservation of iroko (Milicia excelsa Welw. C.C. Berg) in Benin

Socio-cultural surveys were carried out on the basis of a questionnaire administered on 346 respondents in order to investigate cultural and ethnobotanic uses of Milicia excelsa in Benin.M. excelsa contributes to cure 45 human diseases. The different parts of the tree used are leaves (30.3%), bark (25.8%), root (23.6%), latex (10.1%), flaking bark (6.7%), wood, calcium concentrated in old trees, and gum (1.1% each). Fruits or seeds are rarely used. Six different forms of utilization were recorded: soaking (46.3%), bark or leaves decoction (32.8%), herb tea (11.9%), powder (6.0%), leaves or bark grounded and rolled up into ball (1.5%), component of offering to fetish (1.5%). Iroko wood is also used in carpentry and joinery for construction purposes; furniture as well as for building boats/canoes.Iroko tree is used as the conservatory of cultural values and incarnates many divinities, which differ significantly from one province to another (χ² = 1830.27; d.f. = 25; P < 0.01%). There is a significant difference between the provinces in respect of the recognition of the species (χ² = 268.71; d.f. = 17; P ≤ 0.01%) and the population awareness about iroko as a sacred tree also varied from one province to another (χ² = 308.66; d.f. = 27; P ≤ 0.01%).Veneration of the tree is the main approach of its conservation by local people. M. excelsa is conserved on farm, in sacred groves, in public places and in cemeteries. The different sacred objects used to symbolize the divinities incarnated by iroko are: pottery (36.36%), iron (11.11%), calabash (4.04%), candle (2.02%), piece of cloth (18.18%), sacrifice (13.13%), piece of money (3.0%), stone (2.05%), glassware (broken bottle, 2.02%), and convent (8.08%). There is a highly significant difference between provinces as far as the sacred objects are concerned (χ² = 183.037; d.f. = 19 and P < 0.001%). The conservation purposes also vary significantly from one region to other (χ² = 894.47; d.f. = 31; P < 0.01%).     

Larix europaea (D.C.) L. decidua (Mill.) und ihr Aubau im Harz

Ohne ZusammenfassungDieser Auffak mill in gedrängter Form aus ausermählten Kapiteln der Differtation des Berfaffers, die bei Hans Adler, Greitswald 1929 im Drud erschienen ift, einen überblid über das Untersuchungsgebiet geben.     

珍稀濒危植物——双蕊兰

双蕊兰是兰科植物中最原始的孑遗植物,是老秃顶子独有物种,被列为国家二级保护植物.双蕊兰腐生小草本,生长期8月中旬至9月初,分布在以椴树和柞树为主的天然次生林内.文中描述了双蕊兰的形态特征、生态学和生物学特征及地理分布,并提出了保护建议.