马铃薯引进品种基本性状评价

对国内外 7个马铃薯品种在福建的生育期、抗病性、鲜薯产量及商品性进行鉴定。结果表明 ,参试品种的生育期介于 89～ 10 4d之间 ,其中生育期最长的为坝薯 10号 ;晚疫病的病情指数介于 0～ 3级之间 ,其中表现出高抗的是坝薯 10号 ;鲜薯产量介于 972 0 0～ 19777 5kg/hm2 之间 ,其中金山 2号的产量最高 ,它比对照克新 3号显著增产 ,商品性最好的为荷 14 ;干物质含量介于14 80 0 %～ 2 0 6 70 %之间 ,出粉率介于 8 885 %～ 14 90 3%之间 ,其中大西洋干物质含量和出粉率均为最高。     

马铃薯新品种引进对比试验

通过引进8个马铃薯新品种进行对比试验,结果表明:紫花851、鄂马铃薯3号、大西洋、费乌瑞它4个品种生育期适中,大中薯多,商品薯率和鲜薯产量高,品质商品性和效益好,是适宜生产上推广种植的较好品种。     

周宁县春种马铃薯新品种比较试验

马铃薯新品种中薯3号、紫花851、福克76和福克212在福建周宁试种。从品种的特征特性、晚疫病抗性及鲜薯产量综合分析,4个品种的鲜薯产量均比对照品种克新3号高,对晚疫病抗性均表现高抗或抗病,除了福克76裂薯较多外,其余3个品种的综合性状均表现较好。计划进一步加大对中薯3号、紫花851和福克212的引进力度,加快周宁县马铃薯老品种的更新换代步伐。同时继续引进新品种进行试种,增加农户对新品种的可选择性。     

2012年福建省马铃薯引进品种的比较

为了筛选适合福建省冬作区种植的马铃薯新品种,从国内5个育种单位引进了10个品种,以‘紫花851’为对照,分别在龙海、南安、长乐和闽侯种植,生长期间对主要农艺性状及晚疫病进行观察记载和调查,收获期对小区薯块进行称重并测干物质含量。经过综合评价,‘德薯2号’和‘云薯103’分别比‘紫花851’增产25.91%和23.13%,差异极显著。而且这两个品种适应性好,抗晚疫病,综合性状较好。     

湖南春马铃薯品种比较试验

通过对8个马铃薯品种的抗性、商品性、品质、产量等特性的比较试验,结果表明:鲁引、9903、中薯3号、中薯2号分别比东农303增产25.46%、19.09%、9.59%、5.67%,它们抗性强、综合性状表现好,值得推广。大西洋的抗性好、干物质含量高、还原糖含量低,是很好的值得推广的加工品种。诺兰的抗性差、产量低,但干物质、淀粉含量高。     

马铃薯新品种泉云3号引种试验初报

引进马铃薯新品种泉云3号在霞浦县沙江镇进行冬种试种,并以紫花851为对照,对泉云3号的田闻表现、抗性、产量等性状进行研究。结果表明,泉云3号的丰产性、商品性、抗病性等均优于紫花851。     

福州马铃薯新引进品种(系)冬种比较试验

福建省马铃薯品种存在数量较少、多样性程度较低的问题,阻碍福建省马铃薯产业化发展。为了推进福建省马铃薯育种工作,筛选出适宜福建省冬种的马铃薯新品种(系),从国内3个马铃薯育种单位引进9个马铃薯品种(系),以‘紫花851’为对照,在福州地区开展新品种比较试验,并对其主要农艺性状和产量表现进行调查分析。结果表明,‘鄂薯11号’和‘东农311’均无缺苗现象,其中‘鄂薯11号’的商品薯率较对照品种高4.43个百分点,产量较对照品种高17.87%;‘东农311’虽然商品薯率较对照品种低4.27个百分点,但产量表现较突出,较对照品种高33.71%。因此,‘鄂薯11号’和‘东农311’适宜在福州地区种植,可进一步筛选成为适宜福建省冬种的马铃薯新品种(系)。     

施用硫酸钾对马铃薯生物性状的影响

钾素对马铃薯的生长发育、结薯、薯块膨大和干物质的积累具有十分重要的作用。凉山州马铃薯主产区土壤普遍缺钾少磷,试验选用马铃薯品种凉薯97,研究在凉山州不同地区不同海拔高度施用硫酸钾对马铃薯生物性状的影响,结果表明:马铃薯施用一定量的硫酸钾能适当延长生育期、显著增产、增加薯块干物质和淀粉含量。667 m2施用硫酸钾15 kg的平均全生育期比对照增加2 d;667 m2施用硫酸钾10 kg的平均产量最高,达到1 819 kg,较对照高28.26%,差异达极显著水平;施用硫酸钾对提高干物质、淀粉含量有一定的作用,综合考虑产量、品质、效益等因素,667 m2硫酸钾施用量以5.0～10.0 kg为宜。     

应用灰色关联度分析法评价马铃薯区试品种

采用灰色关联度分析法对国家马铃薯中晚熟西北组天水试点2008年6个马铃薯品种(系)试验资料的产量、生育期、株高、商品薯率、干物质含量、淀粉含量、植株退化指数、环腐病薯率、植株晚疫病指数9个性状进行综合评价,结果表明,综合性状表现良好的品系是L 0031-17和天99-5-4,其加权关联度接近,分别为0.720和0.716,等权关联度分别为0.706和0.762。     

马铃薯品种对比试验初报

选用马铃薯品种紫花851、闽薯1号、中薯3号、白花仔（CK）作为试验品种,采用随机区组排列,设3次重复,共12个小区,每个小区种植108株（穴）。穴播,统一催芽后播种。选择德化县南埕村陈培文责任田的同一田块作试验地,试验结果表明：中薯3号产量最高,紫花851产量其次,闽薯1号和白花仔（CK）产量和商品薯率均较低。     

Short-Term exposure to low temperature in the fall affects field performance of seed tubers

Field trials were conducted in Alberta and Ontario with Norchip, Norland, Russet Burbank, Sangre and Superior potato cultivars to determine response to short-term exposure of seed tubers to below freezing temperatures in the fall. Exposure of the dormant seed tubers to ?-1 C for up to 48 hours did not affect the yield or growth characteristics of the cultivars. However exposure of seed tubers to ?-5 C temperatures for 6 or 12 hours caused marked (P < 0.05) reductions in marketable yield, marketable tuber number, maturity and vine size. Exposure to ?-5 C for periods longer than 12 hours resulted in severe freezing damage and subsequent decay of most of the tubers.     

陇中干旱区马铃薯新品种的引进和筛选

试验引进5个马铃薯品种,以‘新大坪’为对照,评价马铃薯的农艺性状、产量和抗病性。‘陇薯6号’和‘青薯9号’田间生长势强,单株结薯数分别为7个和8个,芽眼浅,抗病性强,产量表现好,商品率高,较对照增产分别为22.99%和9.64%,差异达到显著水平。建议在种植当家品种‘新大坪’的同时,扩大推广‘陇薯6号’和‘青薯9号’的种植面积。     

Evaluation of potato cultivars,clones and a true seed population for resistance toRhizoctonia solani

Field and laboratory studies were conducted in 1985–1986 to evaluate the relative severity ofRhizoctonia solani damage among 26 clones and five potato (Solanum tuberosum) cultivars. A test with true potato seeds showed that resistance toR. solani could be identified in two years. One highly resistant line was identified by this method. Moderate degrees of resistance were found in lines from the USDA Potato Breeding Program (BARC) with russet types producing a higher percentage of highly resistant lines than round whites. A laboratory test revealed that apical sprout damage (nipping) was variable within and between lines and that it was an important phase of disease development to measure when determining resistance because of its effects on the resulting plant growth and production of marketable tubers. It was also determined that to accurately define resistance toR. solani in potato, all phases of the disease must be evaluated to insure against resistance “breakdown” at some point in plant development.     

广西马铃薯新品种(系)比较试验

为选育出适宜广西地区生产种植的早熟、高产、优质的马铃薯新品种,以‘东农303’为对照,对17个马铃薯新品种(系)进行了生物学特性、适应性、抗病性、丰产性、商品性等综合农艺性状的品比试验。结果表明,‘GNS1’、‘B219’和‘GNS2’早熟、产量高,商品率高,抗病性强,各个调查指标都比对照好,可在广西进行下一步的生产试验和示范。     

马铃薯晚疫病水平抗性高代材料的综合评价

对马铃薯晚疫病水平抗性11份高代无性系材料进行了比较试验,结果显示,在参试的11份高代材料中,产量高于37500kg·hm-2的品系3个,高于33000kg·hm-2的品系4个,最高达41445kg·hm-2;多数品系晚疫病抗性较当地主栽品种强;淀粉含量高于17%的优良品系4个,最高达20.589%;商品薯率高于85%的优良品系1份。     

Effect of Storage and Pre-sprouting Regimes on Seed Potato Performance in Norway

Physiological quality affects vigour and yield potential of potato seed tubers. Under short-season conditions, a seed tuber should preferably produce a short cycle and mature crop. The aim of the current studies was to assess how various storing and pre-sprouting treatments affect growth vigour and yield formation. Results showed that different low-temperature storage regimes before pre-sprouting treatments had no clear effects although some minor differences between treatments occurred. For pre-sprouted (‘green’-sprouted) seed tubers, results from field trials in southern Norway (2007–2008) showed that emergence of cvs Asterix and Saturna improved significantly compared to unsprouted seed. Total yields increased significantly for both cultivars in 1 out of 2?years. For Saturna, a major increase in number of tubers per plant resulted in larger proportions of smaller-size grades and thus lower marketable yields. In other trials (northern Norway, 2006–2007), varying duration of pre-sprouting did not affect growth vigour and yield. For number of tubers and size grades, the results varied significantly between pre-sprouting durations, but differently among trials, so no clear conclusions can be drawn. In one of the two trials, increased duration of pre-sprouting resulted in higher proportions of the smaller sizes at the expense of large tubers. Different levels of temperature sums during pre-sprouting (ca. 200 or 400?day-degrees >4?°C) did not affect seed performance. In conclusion, our studies showed that pre-sprouting may improve growth vigour and increase the proportion of smaller grade sizes.     

整薯播种对马铃薯生育及产量的影响

1979～1984年,在黑龙江省北部黑土地区气象条件、生产水平和栽培条件下,通过田间试验,研究了整薯播种对马铃薯生育和产量的影响。结果表明:整薯播种与传统习惯的切块播种相比,6年期间平产出现频率为2次,一般年份整薯播种比切块播种增产9～12%,在春旱严重的1980年,整薯播种表现出非常突出的抗旱保苗效果。在群体叶面积发展进程上,整薯播种表现早发早衰,切块播种晚发晚表,一般年份光合势前者比后者高9.6%,春旱严重的1980年高82.8%。块茎商品率以112.5克为准时,6年平均整薯播种为74.1%,切块播种为80.0%,两者相差5.9%;以50克为准时,整薯播种为97.3%,切块播种为98.2%,两者相差0.9%。     

马铃薯纺锤块茎类病毒不同株系及不同接种方法对产量的影响

马铃薯纺锤块径类病毒(Potato spindle tuber viroid)是危害黑龙江省马铃薯生产的一种重要病害。为了查明不同类病毒变株对主栽品种克新1号和4号所引起的产量损失和症状反应,应用往复聚丙烯胺凝胶电泳法(Peturn-Polyacmdegel electophoresis)鉴定类病毒。试验结果表明,接种当年,接种类病毒的处理平均减产37%,按商品产量计算减产达47%。当年表现症状的植株平均为59.6%,块茎产生症状的植株平均为57.4%。用于接种的3个马铃薯纺锤块茎类病毒变株的致病力,以当地的类病毒弱系为最强,其次为北美的类病毒强系,北美的类病毒弱系的致病力较弱。类病毒对产量的影响与马铃薯品种和类病毒变株的组合有极为密切的关系。克新1号接种当地的类病毒弱系时薯块严重畸变,商品产量只为不接种对照的21%。用往复电泳法检测各个试验处理被类病毒侵柴的情况,芽接种处理,于出苗后1周即可检测到类病毒,叶接种处理,于接种后2周即能检测到类病毒。出苗后7周,植株中类病毒浓度达到高峰,随即急剧下降,到出苗后10周,大部分接种植株已检测不到类病毒。块茎直径达1厘米时,即能检测到类病毒,随着块茎膨大,类病毒浓度也相应增高,到收获前,块茎中的类病毒含量只略低于植株含类病毒高峰期的浓度。用于本试验的克新1号、4号无类病毒和主要马铃薯病毒的核心材料,在1988年已交付给省内外的良种场繁殖使用。于当年秋季抽样检测克山第二良种场连续种植二年的种薯,当年种植试管苗生产的种薯,以及试管苗等,均未检测到类病毒。     

Impact of Stolbur Phytoplasmas on Potato Tuber Texture and Sugar Content of Selected Potato Cultivars

Potato stolbur is a phytoplasmal disease that seriously affects yield and tuber quality in South Eastern Europe, Russia and the Mediterranean areas. In 2007 and 2008, field experiments were carried out to determine stolbur resistance of processing potato cultivars at Sannicolau Mare (Romania) by determining consistency and concentration of reducing sugars (fructose and glucose), sucrose and phytoplasmas in potato tubers. In both years, non-symptomatic potato tubers showed sucrose levels in the range of 3,000 mg kg⁻¹ fresh weight (FW). In contrast, sucrose concentrations were up to 11,820 mg kg⁻¹ FW in 2007 and 19,560 mg kg⁻¹ FW in 2008 in tubers showing severe symptoms. These high values severely affect suitability of tubers for processing as sucrose serves as substrate for the formation of reducing sugars that are the limiting factor in fried potato production for Maillard-related discolouration. The cultivars examined differed considerably in susceptibility to stolbur disease. Whereas cvs. ‘Courage’ and ‘Lady Rosetta’ showed high numbers of diseased tubers and high sucrose concentrations, ‘Lady Claire’ had a lower incidence of symptomatic tubers and lower sucrose concentrations. However, fully resistant cultivars were not observed. Across all cultivars examined, phytoplasmal concentration was significantly higher in symptomatic tubers than in non-symptomatic ones.