4种螺旋线虫记述

记述了采自山东、山西和浙江等地不同寄主根围的4个螺旋线虫群体,根据主要形态学特征分别鉴定为双角螺旋线虫(Helicotylenchus digonicus)、小头螺旋线虫(H.microcephalus)、双宫螺旋线虫(H.dihystera)和翅尾铗螺旋线虫(H.pteracerus)。其中H.pteracerus为国内新记录种,H.microcephalus为浙江省首次报道。     

广州地区茶树根际线虫的调查与鉴定

经对广州、从化茶树根际线虫的调查结果显示 ,广州地区茶树根际有 6种寄生线虫 :粗筛纹垫刃线虫(Coslenchus costatus)、双角螺旋线虫 (Helicotvlenchus dignonicus)、加利福尼亚螺旋线虫 (H .californicus)、厄萨拉斯螺旋线虫 (H .exallus)、双宫螺旋线虫 (H .dihystera)和生根真滑刃线虫 (Aphelenchus radicicolus)。记述了它们的形态鉴定特征、线虫标本采集地和其生物习性及分布。茶树是粗筛纹垫刃线虫、加利福尼亚螺旋线虫、厄萨拉斯螺旋线虫和生根真滑刃线虫的新寄主记录     

首次从进口画眉草中检出剪股颖粒线虫

首次从进口画眉草中检出剪股颖粒线虫陈燕群叶为民罗辉郑文华谢伟宏薛梅周立新廖宝安（深圳动植物检疫局５１８０１０）１９９７年４月３日和５月５日,珠海和深圳两公司经盐田港先后从美国进口画眉草Ｅｒａｇｒｏｓｔｉｓｃｕｒｖｕｌａ（Ｓｃｈｒａｄ．）Ｎｅｅｓ种子２...     

中国四省(区)葡萄根围螺旋线虫种类记述

描述了采自陕西、山东、广西、宁夏 4省 (区)葡萄根际的 6种螺旋属线虫 :双宫螺旋线虫(Helicotylenchus dihystera)、外异螺旋线虫 (H exallus)、双角螺旋线虫 (H .digonicus)、H .digitiformis、H .platyurus、H .multicinctus。其中后 4种螺旋线虫均为我国葡萄上的首次报道     

"根康健"处理进出境园林种苗携带的植物寄生线虫

1999～2001年，对2年生感染根结线虫、双宫螺旋线虫的黄扬、冬青和榕树等17种苗木，5年生的景天等7种盆景的根部进行药剂处理。试验结果表明，使用“根康健”1：2倍液蘸根处理2h后，供试植物根上的外寄生性双宫螺旋线虫被全部杀死，36h后内寄生性根结线虫死亡率高达99％，25天后处理样中未检出任何活线虫。使用“根康健”1：4、1：6倍液进行药剂处理，25天后线虫死亡率分：到达87％～100％。“根康健”1：2倍液作为出入境观赏植物线虫处理剂，可以有效地杀死根组织内外的植物寄生线虫，满足苗木、盆景、花卉等的植物检疫要求。     

竹子根际螺旋线虫中国新记录种—尖尾螺旋线虫Helicotylenchus cuspicaudatus

在广东省园林植物线虫调查期间,从粉单竹Bambusa chungii根部土壤中分离到一种螺旋线虫。经详细的形态学观察和测量数据比较,将其鉴定为尖尾螺旋线虫Helicotylenchus cuspicaudatus,并获得了尖尾螺旋线虫rDNA的28SD2-D3区和ITS序列,为今后螺旋线虫的种类鉴定提供了分子数据。尖尾螺旋线虫为中国新记录种。     

松材线虫的虫媒种类及其在深圳地区的发生情况

松材线虫的虫媒种类及其在深圳地区的发生情况杨伟东（深圳动植物检疫局５１８０１０）松材线虫Ｂｕｒｓａｐｈｅｌｅｎｃｈｕｓｘｙｌｏｐｈｉｌｕｓ是由昆虫传播的病原线虫之一。据日本、美国及我国南京的调查研究显示，可以携带松材线虫的昆虫种类包括天牛科、象虫科和...     

从进口天堂小鸟种苗中截获咖啡短体线虫

１９９７年１２月,深圳某公司经皇岗口岸进口２０００株产自美国的无土、无须根的天堂小鸟（Ｈｏｌｉｃｏｎｉａｒｈｉｚｏｍｅｓ）根茎种苗,拟栽培后取鲜切花出口。经检疫,发现大量单一种类的植物寄生线虫,后经进一步测量鉴定,确认为我国进境植物检疫三类危险性线...     

山茶花根部针线虫的鉴定

从福建省龙岩市山茶花（Ｃａｍｅｌｉａｊａｐｏｎｉｃａ）根部采集到一批针线虫标本，对雌虫唇部、侧带和尾部以及雄虫尾部等部位的细微结构经扫描电子显微镜观察鉴定，确认为突出针线虫（ＰａｒａｔｙｌｅｎｃｈｕｓｐｒｏｊｅｃｔｕｓＪｅｎｋｉｎｓ，１９５６）。此线虫在福建属首次记录，山茶花为新寄主植物。     

湖州出口竹苗内植物寄生线虫种类调查

通过对浙江省湖州市云峰苗圃、安吉竹博园的各种竹苗根围的寄生线虫种类的调查和鉴定，发现了标明剑线虫（Xiphinema insigne）、胼胝拟毛刺线虫（Paratrichodorus porosus）、双宫螺旋线虫（Helicotylenchus dihystera）、戴维恩垫刃线虫（Tylenchus davainei）和矮化线虫（Tylenchorhynchus sp．）等，并对其进行了形态学描述。通过不同季节定点定株调查统计竹苗根围线虫群体数量发现，竹苗根围线虫群体密度在1年中的变化与气候明显相关。从春到秋，种群数量呈增长趋势．秋天是线虫种群数量、种类最为繁盛时期。     

云南省灯盏花根际土壤寄生线虫的种类鉴定

2001-2005年对云南省灯盏花主要栽培区的灯盏花根部及根际土壤的寄生线虫进行分类鉴定,共鉴定出9种线虫:内卷滑刃线虫(Aphelenchoides involutus)、燕麦真滑刃线虫(Aphelenchus avenae)、异头丝尾垫刃线虫(Filenchus heterocephalus)、双宫螺旋线虫(Helicotylenchus dihystera)、南方根结线虫(Meloidogyne incognita)、草地短体线虫(Pratylenchus pratensis)、活泼平滑垫刃线虫(Psilenchus hilarulus)、戴维恩垫刃线虫(Tylenchusdavainei)和广东垫刃线虫(Tylenchus guangdongensis)。优势种群是双宫螺旋线虫,其次是南方根结线虫。灯盏花是这些线虫的新记录寄主。     

Comparison of sandy soils suppressive or conducive to ectoparasitic nematode damage on sugarcane

ABSTRACT Two South African sandy soils, one suppressive and the other conducive to ectoparasitic nematode damage on monoculture sugarcane, were compared. Analysis of field transects indicated that the suppressive soil displayed a comparatively higher population of the weak ectoparasite Helicotylenchus dihystera, whose predominance among ectoparasitic nematodes is known to limit yield loss caused by more virulent phytonematodes. Soil type was identical at both sites (entisols), but the suppressive soil had a higher organic matter content and a lower pH, which correlated with H. dihystera population data. In contrast, microclimatic differences between the two field sites were unlikely to be responsible for the suppressive or conducive status of the soils, as shown in a greenhouse experiment. The two soils exhibited a bacterial community of the same size but with different genetic structures, as indicated by automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (RISA). The number of culturable fluorescent pseudomonads was higher for the conducive soil, probably because extensive root damage caused by ectoparasitic nematodes favored proliferation of these bacteria. This study shows that apparently small differences in soil composition between fields located in the same climatic area and managed similarly can translate into contrasted nematode communities, ectoparasitic nematode damage levels, and sugarcane yields.     

Management of nematodes and a stalk borer by increasing within-field sugarcane cultivar diversity

The aim of this study was to determine whether an increase in plant diversity could modify the structure of the nematode community in favour of less pathogenic species and whether it affected the lepidopteran stalk borer, Eldana saccharina . Four sugarcane cultivars were planted either singly or as a mixture in the furrow. Nematodes were enumerated when the crops were 6 months old for five successive 10 to 13 month old crop cycles. Results showed that the mixture of cultivars had little significant impact on the overall abundance of the plant-parasitic or free-living nematodes. However, the nematode community structure within the mixture was slightly different to that observed on any single cultivar planted on its own and there was a higher than expected proportion of Helicotylenchus dihystera during the first three crops. With successive crops and in all treatments, there was an overall trend of increasing proportions of Meloidogyne javanica in the nematode community. However, the way that the change in the species-balance occurred in the mixed cultivar plots suggested a resistance to the evolving dominance of M. javanica . These results showed that sugarcane cultivars interacted within the rhizosphere when planted in a mixture because the observed nematode community in the mixture differed from that expected. The level of damage caused by E. saccharina was slightly lower in the mixture than expected from the actual cultivar composition.     

Effects of root- and stolon-infecting fungi on root-colonizing nematodes of white clover

The effects on white clover ( Trifolium repens ) of different combinations of the nematodes Meloidogyne trifoliophila , Helicotylenchus dihystera and Heterodera trifolii and nine stolon-infecting and three root-infecting fungi were studied in a glasshouse experiment. The presence of the fungus Phytophthora megasperma alone increased ( P  < 0·001) root-rot severity and reduced ( P  < 0·001) plant growth. Other species combinations, such as Phoma nebulosa and Alternaria alternata , interacted and increased root-rot severity. Combinations of P. megasperma with Pythium irregulare , and P. nebulosa with Phoma medicaginis or A. alternata , increased M. trifoliophila populations. Several other fungi ( P. irregulare , P. nebulosa , Colletotrichum coccodes , Macrophomina phaseolina , P. medicaginis and Phoma sp.) interacted with the nematode M. trifoliophila causing severe root-knot symptoms. The results indicated that fungi and nematodes interacted to cause root and stolon rot and reduced yields, and that poor persistence of white clover in pastures is likely to be a problem with a complex etiology.     

Occurrence of Blastocystis sp. in pigs

The occurrence of Blastocystis sp. was monitored in pigs of various age from 5 pig farms in Southern Bohemia. Prevalence was determined especially via cultivation in modified nutrient broth LES. In sucking pigs up to 2 days old Blastocystis sp. was not found; from 3 days Blastocystis sp. persists throughout the pig life. In droppings and in cultures there both vacuolar and granular forms were observed. Ameboid forms were not found. In culture ultrastructure was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Individual cells of Blastocystis sp. contained a central body, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, rarely a Golgi complex and numerous mitochondria. No essential differences from known ultrastructure of human Blastocystis hominis were found.     

Incidence of Viruses Infecting Allium Spp. in Greece

A survey identified viruses infecting garlic, leek and onion crops and wild Allium species in Greece. Virus identification was based on ELISA, immunoelectron microscopy, and occasionally on RT-PCR. Samples of cultivated Allium species were collected from five districts, whereas samples of twenty-seven wild Allium species were also collected from all over Greece. Onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV) and Leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV) were identified in 98.5% and 83.7% of all samples, respectively, and were found in all regions. Allexiviruses were also detected in all regions and their incidence ranged from 62.5% to 70.5% (depending on region and type of allexivirus). Garlic common latent virus (GCLV) was detected in samples from Arcadia (97.6%) and Evia (18.0%) and in one field in Larissa (23.0%). Shallot latent virus (SLV) was found only in two areas (Evros and Theva) and in fields planted with imported propagative material, from Iran and China. The incidence of virus-like symptoms in leek crops ranged from 10.0% to 90.0% in different regions and fields and all symptomatic plants were found to be infected by LYSV. Onion yellow dwarf virus was only found in seven symptomatic onion samples from southern Greece. Allium ampeloprasum spp. ampeloprasum and Allium flavum, were the only wild Allium species found to be infected with LYSV. Finally Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) was found in A. sphaerocephalon, A. guttatum, A. subhirsutum, and A. neapolitanum.     

Studies of Salvia reflexa Hornem. I. Possible competitive mechanisms

When grown in mixtures with equal numbers of wheat plants Satvia reflexa was found not to be a strong competitor. The height and inflorescence dry weight of wheat was increased by watering the mixtures from above ihe foliage. These effects were accentuated by moisture stress. Aqueous leachatcs oi S. refiexa foliage were found (o inhibit the germination and/or early growth of wheat grown on filter paper in petri dishes and in different soil lypes.     

Intestinal helminths from grey mullets, Mugil capito Cuv. and M. cephalus L., of Lake Borullus, A.R.E.

Helminthological examination of grey mullets, Mugil capito Cuv. and M. cephalus L. from brackish Lake Borullus in the Nile Delta in the Lower Egypt revealed that these fishes are infected with two species of digenetic trematodes, Haplosplanchnus pachystoma (Eysenhardt, 1829) and Saccocoelium obesum Loos, 1902 and one acanthocephalan species, Neoechinorhynchus agilis (Rudolphi, 1819). On comparing the incidence and intensity of infection of individual fish samples it was found that after migration from the sea to the lake the grey mullets lose gradually their intestinal trematodes.