中西医治疗犬绦虫病

犬的绦虫病主要是由假叶目和圆叶目的各种绦虫所引起的一种蠕虫病。在轻度感染时往往不易引起人们的注意;当大量感染时,病犬表现消瘦、贫血、腹泻等症状。绦虫在犬的肠道寄生虫中是最长的一种寄生虫,种类很多,对犬的健康危害很大。其可造成犬营养不良、消痩、贫血、胃肠道症状及神经症状,重者可导致犬全身衰弱死亡。能在犬体内寄生的绦虫,主要有犬腹孔绦虫、豆状带绦虫、泡状带绦虫、裂头绦虫、多头带绦虫、连续带绦虫等。     

果洛地区犬绦虫感染情况调查

对果洛６县的５１条犬进行绦虫感染情况调查。结果：感染犬４６条，感染率为９０．２０％，其中，棘球绦虫感染率７０．５９％。犬感染的绦虫主要有细粒棘球绦虫、多头绦虫和泡状带绦虫三种。     

漠河县狗寄生蠕虫区系调查报告

对漠河县狗寄生蠕虫进行区系调查，结果在剖检的１１只狗体内，寄生蠕虫的感染率为９０．９％，共检获７种狗体内，其中吸虫一种：横川后殖吸虫。绦虫三种：线中殖孔绦虫、泡状带绦虫、泡状带绦虫和犬复孔绦虫。线虫三种：犬弓首线虫、犬钩口线虫和旋毛形虫。     

黑河市狗寄生蠕虫的区系调查

对黑河市狗寄生蠕虫进行调查结果，在剖检１０只狗体内，寄生蠕虫的感染率为１００％，共检获６种虫体，经鉴定吸虫１种，华枝睾吸血；绦虫２种，泡状带绦虫和线中殖孔绦虫；线虫３种，犬弓首蛔虫；犬钩口线虫和旋毛形线虫，它们隶属于３纲、６科、６属、在这６种蠕虫中华枝睾吸虫、犬弓首蛔虫和犬钩口线虫的感染率均为５０％。线中殖孔绦虫的感染率为４０％，泡状带绦虫的感染率为３０％。     

脑多头蚴病的诊断要点及防治

脑多头蚴病(脑包虫病)是由于多头绦虫的幼虫--多头蚴寄生在绵羊、山羊的脑、脊髓内,引起脑炎、脑膜炎及一系列神经症状,甚至死亡的严重寄生虫病。多头蚴还可危害黄牛、牦牛、猪、马甚至人类。成虫则寄生于犬、狼、狐、豺等肉食兽的小肠。该病散布于全国各地,并多见于犬活动频繁的地方。1病原1.1多头蚴呈囊泡状、囊体可由豌豆大至鸡蛋大,囊内充满透明液体,在囊的内壁上有100～250个原头蚴,原头蚴直径2～3mm。1.2多头绦虫虫体长40～100mm,由200～500个节片组成。头节有4个吸盘,顶突上有22～32个小钩,分作两圈排列。成熟节片呈方形或长大于宽,…     

如皋市犬复孔绦虫病的调查

<正>日常门诊中常遇到宠物犬的寄生虫病的诊治。借诊治犬病机会,笔者在同事的帮助下,通过临床检查及实验室鉴定,对如皋市部分宠物犬开展了1次犬复孔绦虫调查。调查结果如下。犬复孔绦虫是宠物犬的常见肠道寄生虫,当绦虫虫体在犬体内寄生时,虫体头部的小钩和吸盘叮附在小肠黏膜上吸取机体     

犬复孔绦虫诊治不当会致犬死亡

犬复孔绦虫（Dipylidium caninum）是犬和猫的常见寄生虫,偶可感染人体,引起复孔绦虫病。当绦虫虫体在体内寄生时,虫体头部的小钩和吸盘叮附在小肠粘膜上吸取机体营养,给犬只生长发育造成障碍;当虫体大量寄生时,引起肠粘膜损伤和肠炎;当虫体在肠道中聚集成团时,造成肠阻塞、肠扭转、肠套迭及肠穿孔,重者可导致全身衰弱死亡。本文介绍一则因犬复孔绦虫致死的病例。     

绥芬河流域和狗和猫寄生蠕虫区系调查

本文报道了绥芬河流域狗和猫寄生性蠕虫区系调查情况，以全身蠕虫学剖检的方法剖检狗２０只，猫６只，在两种动物体内共检获寄生蠕虫１２种，其中吸虫２种，绦虫４种和线虫６种，它们录属３纲７科８属。狗体检出虫体５种：泡状带绦虫Ｔａｅｎｉａ、ｈｙｄａｔｉｇｅｎａ，犬复孔绦虫Ｄｉｐｙｌｉｄｉｕｍ ｃａｎｉｎｕｍ、犬弓首线虫Ｔｏｘｏｃａｒａｃａｎｉｓ、犬钩口线虫Ａｎｃｙｌｏｓｔｏｍｅ ｃａｎｉｎａｍ、旋毛形线虫Ｔｒ     

玛沁县藏獒绦虫感染情况调查

犬肠道内寄生的细粒棘球绦虫、多头绦虫和泡状带绦虫的幼虫是人或家畜绦虫蚴病的病原。为了摸清玛沁地区藏獒感染绦虫的情况，笔者于1999年9月至2000年2月，对玛沁县东倾沟、大武等乡的无主藏獒进行了调查。     

孙吴县犬寄生蠕虫区系调查报告

本文报道了孙吴县犬体寄生蠕虫区系调查结果，共剖检犬１０只，检获蠕虫８种。蠕虫寄生率达１００％，８种虫体经鉴定结果为吸虫两种：华枝睾吸虫；日本棘隙吸虫。绦虫三种：泡状带绦虫；线中殖孔绦虫和犬复孔绦虫。线虫三种：犬弓首线虫；犬钩口线虫和旋毛形线虫。８种虫体隶属于３纲８科８属，其中分布广，感染率高的为犬弓首线虫和华枝睾吸虫，为孙吴县犬寄生蠕虫的优势种。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.