Comparatively Research of Methods of Electricity Pricing at Transitional Period in China

With the reform toward power market processing, how to decide electricity price becomes a key problem which one power plant have to face. So in this paper, the authors show two ways to the problem, a pricing model by account and a pricing model by economics, then they analyze the cost structure and counting principle of three-electricity price, which is determined by the methods of repayment of capital with interest (RCI pricing), of the operation period (OP pricing) and of marginal cost (MC pricing). Then similarities and differences among these three pricing methods existing in the transitional period are examined by a case in china. The indicate that it is important and inevitable to reform RCI pricing, to popularize OP pricing and to transfer to MC pricing.     

The Probability Risk Analysis of Bidding and Pricing for the Use of Land

In this paper by the probability method the effect of the undefinite indexes and the risk indexes on interior revenue rate(IRR) the main economic evaluation index in bidding and pricing of the use of land, is researched. The risk of the item is appreciated and the basis of bidding and pricing for the use of land is acquired. An example is presented.     

农业上市公司审计定价影响因素的实证分析

选择农业上市公司2001年至2008年作为数据窗口,共216混合样本,对影响农业上市公司审计定价的内外部因素进行理论分析和实证检验。研究结果表明：公司总资产规模和董事会规模是影响农业事实上公司审计定价的主要因素,公司总资产规模和董事会规模越大,审计定价越高;公司经营业务种类越多、负债水平越高,审计定价越高。会计师事务所特征和地区外部治理环境也是影响审计定价的重要因素,综合评价排名居前、审计质量高的事务所审计定价较高;农业上市公司所处地区的市场化程度越高,审计定价越高,地区法治化水平越高,审计定价越低。根据研究结论,本文提出相关对策建议。     

A pricing method of depletable nonrecyclable resources

A pricing method of depletable nonrecyclable resources has been advanced in this paper. Prices of resources, made with the method, can meet the needs of depletable nonrecycclable resources optimum allocation.     

Indirect Regulation Pricing Methods of Public Utility

The author analyses the advantages and disadvantages of common indirect regulation pricing methods of public utility goods. It is pointed out that it results in high trade-cost and A-J effect binging in an excess of investment when capital yield method be used. It is not reasonable enough in setting PRI-X of PRI-X pricing method. An integrated indirect regulation pricing method is put forward which is to form a two-tier incentive mechanics both in expanding producing ability and improving efficiency. In initial stages of new public project, capital yield method should be used in order to activate investment motive. Upper-limit pricing method should be used in anaphase in order to improve the producing efficiency.     

Research on the Effectiveness of the Direct Regulation Pricing Methods of Public Utility

This paper analyzes the industrial organization of public utility and its cause and synthetically researches government direct regulating pricing methods of public utility, mostly the static or dynamic cost mark-up pricing methods. It is indicated by the means of game theory and imperfect contract theory, under the conditions of imperfect information and the government's inferior position, It's impossible to develop the incentive mechanism to utility enterprise, makes low productivity in public utility. The inefficiency of the cost monitor and control is inevitable when the direct regulation pricing system be used. The thought of direct pricing methods is a mechanical obstruction to improve the effectiveness of public utility. It's the radical approach for the government to reform the regulation modes in order to improve the effectiveness and social surplus of public utility.     

The Real Option Method of Real Estate Exploitation Evaluation

Real estate exploitations have high risk and its exploitation environment is quite uncertain. The traditional investment value methods, such as the net present value and discount cash flow methods, usually undervalue the real estate value. In this paper the real option pricing theories and methods are applied to discuss real estate investment value under uncertainty. This method provides a new approach for real estate items.     

Study on the Deposition of Carbon Films in Molten Salt by Electrolytic Method

The paper has expounded the fact that the great majority of construction enterprises before setting up one's own ration of enterprise yet,choose the correct bid tactics,carry on the overall analyses of expense,combine enterprise's own actual conditions,use the inventory pricing method bid skill of the project amount rationally,control the fabrication cost of the project,win a bid in a situation that it is rational and is not lower than cost project fabrication cost.     

Measuring Amenity Benefits from Farmland: Hedonic Pricing vs. Contingent Valuation

The amenity value to Kentucky residents from horse farm land was estimated using both the contingent valuation method and the hedonic pricing method. The hedonic pricing model included both the housing and labor markets. A value function estimated from dichotomous choice contingent valuation responses showed that the value of a change in the level of the horse farm amenity was sensitive to the size of the change, with no evidence of value that is independent of the size of the change. The two methods generated estimates of the external benefits from horse farm land that were within 20 percent of each other.     

南方稻田生态系统产量形成期co2通量的研究

通过稻田生态系统3a CO2通量的日内变化、逐日变化趋势、CO2通量水平与产量高低的分析,以了解稻田生态系统产量形成期CO2通量特征、对产量的影响。将稻田CO2通量与光合有效辐射、气温进行回归分析,以掌握两者对水稻CO2同化消耗的影响。结果认为,水稻抽穗期、齐穗-乳熟CO2通量日变化呈较深“U”型,乳熟-成熟“U”型较浅;产量形成期白天CO2通量的逐日均值呈“√”型;抽穗期、齐穗-乳熟水稻处生长旺盛阶段,其白天CO2通量水平与产量高低基本一致;水稻对CO2的同化吸收与光合有效辐射、气温有极显著相关关系;南方稻作区对CO2的同化消耗强于三江平原等稻作区。     

Analysis on Price Competition and Regulation Policy in Partial Monopoly Market

Partial monopoly market structure in reform. Based on nondiscriminatory pricing , the and the effect of price cap regulation policy. some infrastructure paper analyzes the industry will exist for a long period after deregulation behavior of price competition in new market structure     

Electricity Pricing Regulation in Demand Side Management

Time of use(Tou) price is one of the most efficient measure for modern demand side management(DSM).But a scientifically pricing is based on understanding the function of pricing mechanism and comprehensive analysis to social benefit.The authors develop a pricing model by game theory based on analysis of consumer's response to the time of-use price and analyze the pricing regulation of government for maximum social benefit.A conclusion is drawn,which suggests that government should let the electricity corporation to pricing, but just give a regulation on the average price level.     

玉米制种花期不遇的原因及预测方法研究

根据玉米杂交制种科研实践，研究分析了玉米杂交制种过程中诸多导致花期不遇的因素，针对性的提出了叶龄预测法和可见叶、未出叶、幼雄穗分化观察法等花期预测的有效方法，对指导玉米制种生产和提高制种量具有重要意义。     

A Simple Model for Predicting Daily Mean Soil Temperatures

Based on measurements in 3 different types of soil (clay, sand, peat) linear regression equations between daily air temperature (2 m) and soil temperature (2, 5, 10, 20, 50 cm depth) are calculated for all months of the growing season. The equations show a significant seasonal dependence and the best correlations in the upper 10 cm of soil. Differences depending on the type of soil are relatively small. Correction terms involving cloudiness and thermal inertia of the soil during a sudden warming or cooling period complete the prediction model. Standard deviations between predicted and measured values have been found within 1.5 K in most cases. Lastly a generally applicable method for calculating regression equations at any station is introduced. The application of this method to different sites and types of soil in Bavaria and other regions of Germany shows a good agreement with measured values.     

中国生态退耕重要阶段耕地面积时空变化分析

为了兼顾生态退耕过程中的生态安全和食物安全,开展中国生态退耕政策实施重要阶段(1999—2008)的耕地时空变化特点的研究十分必要。根据各省市级耕地增减变化数据,利用分布重心计算模型和分区比较方法,探讨了中国耕地面积时空变化的总体特征。结果表明,从区域尺度分析,研究时段内耕地面积减少幅度排序为：西部＞东部＞中部;生态退耕政策实施的重要阶段可划分为2个时期：一是生态退耕前期,以耕地面积急剧减少、面积分布重心向东移动为特征;二是生态退耕后期,以耕地面积缓慢减少、面积分布重心向北迁移为特点;生态退耕、农业结构调整和建设用地占用所造成的耕地变化,对耕地面积分布重心迁移的影响较大。研究结果提示,建设用地占用优质耕地是制约中国耕地整体生产能力提高的重要因素,而耕地分布重心向北移动使生态退耕的成效面临挑战。     

Optimal Standby Capacity and Its Valuation in Power Pool

The problem of optimal standby capacity and its valuation in Power Pool is very important and complicated. On the basis of researching literatures concerned, this paper constructs an optimal standby capacity model and researches the problem of pricing optimal standby capacity and determining power price on the user-side. The result shows that the optimal standby capacity at some period t is completely determined by the probability distribution density function of power load demand at this period and surplus power loss and insufficient power loss, and the price of optimal standby capacity is determined by real power price of entering power grid and the power price of forecasting load demand, and the expected power price on the user-side consists of the settlement price with grid loss on generation-side and reasonable gains and expected additional loss.     

政府定价机制下黑龙江省农户灌溉行为的负外部性分析

结合黑龙江省农业水价的政策现状和调研走访情况,认识农户灌溉行为产生的初因,指出农户灌溉行为的负外部性表现,并对负外部性的实质进行经济学分析。研究表明：在政府定价机制下,农业用水价格的实施不利于鼓励农户在生产中主动节约用水,农业水资源的浪费会增加社会用水的边际成本。适宜采取产权界定的方式将外部性内部化,通过农业水资源的合理经营和再配置,将农业水资源的价格形成机制逐步市场化,通过价格杠杆作用实现水资源的高效利用和帕累托最优。     

Application of the ELECTRE Method in Pricing the Commodity Houses According to Grades in Multi-Objection

This paper discussed applying ELECTRE method to select the Commodityhouses in multi-objection. In order to define the grades of the commodity houses, a quantitative method on pricing the commodity houses according to their grades for Real EstateBusiness Centre or price departments was provided.     

陇东地区冬小麦产量构成因素的分析

本文分析了冬小麦产量主要是由每穗籽粒数、每穗籽粒重、单株成穗数和不孕小穗率构成。同时分析了产量构成各要素与气候因子之间的关系表明：每穗籽粒数主要由拔节至孕穗期的积温所决定,而降水、日照等因子此期均能满足其生长需求,对其影响较小;穗籽粒重的高低主要由灌浆速度、乳熟期叶面积指数及乳熟至成熟期的日平均气温所决定;单株成穗数的多少与越冬至返青期的降水量和越冬开始期测定的分蘖数、大蘖数成较高的正相关,而与三叶期测定的总株数成负相关;不孕小穗率只与开花至乳熟期的日照时数成较高的负相关,而与其它各因子相关性较小     

Pricing Methodology of the New Issue of Public Offerings in Shanghai Stock Market

Based on the efficiency market theory, considering the relationship between A share prices in Shanghai stock market and factors such as earnings per share, net asset value per share, industry price/earning ratios, this paper builds the multiple regression model between the opening A share prices at the time point of March 1st,2001 and their corresponding financial indexes. Then, according to the fact that the net asset value per share after the new issue will change in the same rate with the issuing prices, this paper calculates the relationship between them and gives out the new issue pricing model which considers 5 factors, including such factors as the A share composite indexes in shanghai stock market. This model is very meaningful and compensates the deficiency of the traditional pricing methodology which considers only the P/E ratios.