落叶松人工林土壤水分物理性质的研究

落叶松人工林土壤水分物理性质的研究崔国发，曾庆君，魏秀芝（黑龙江省林科所）（黑龙江省铁力林业局）１材料与方法。在黑龙江省带岭林业实验局原始红松针阔混交林采伐后，更新落叶松人工林，３４年生时实施小面积皆伐，并更新第二代落叶松人工林（即二茬林），８年后观...     

不同林龄落叶松人工林土壤水文特性差异

为了解落叶松人工林林龄对土壤水文特性的影响,对黑龙江省东部山地不同林龄落叶松人工林土壤的水分物理性质、入渗性能及贮水能力进行研究,研究结果如下:不同林龄的落叶松人工林土壤密度表现为随着深度的加深而逐渐加大的趋势,土壤孔隙状况则表现出相反的趋势。50 a的落叶松人工林土壤密度较小、孔隙度较大。各林龄的落叶松人工林土壤饱和持水量变化幅度在186.78～193.81 mm之间,土壤的饱和持水量和毛管持水量随着土壤深度的增加而不断下降。4种林龄落叶松人工林土壤初渗速率的变化范围为0.03～0.63 mm/min,50 a的落叶松人工林土壤初渗速率最大。不同林龄间的变化规律与土壤非毛管孔隙度的变化规律基本一致。50 a的落叶松人工林的土壤稳渗速度大,稳渗系数大,孔隙度大,渗透性能比较好,从而持水量也较大。     

落叶松二代林生长研究初报

落叶松(Larix. spp.)是我国东北地区的主要造林树种之一,造林面积约占现有人工林总面积的50％以上,在东北的造林事业中处于举足轻重的地位。随着落叶松的采伐与更新,一定面积的第二代人工林业已成林。但是,近年来国内外关于落叶松人工林重茬更新是否会导致生长下降、地力减退等问题众说不一:有人认为落叶松林恶化土壤,如重茬会造成生长逐代下降;有人认为森林都有自肥作用,落叶松连栽生长不会降低。因此,调查研究第二代落叶松人工林的生长状况,不仅对正确评价落叶松连栽的效果,探讨落叶松林分与其生境因子之间的     

混农间作对兴安落叶松人工林土壤生态条件的影响

以落叶松人工纯林及落叶松与大豆混农间作人工林下土壤为研究对象,对不同林分下土壤物理性质和化学性质进行测定及比较分析,结果表明:混农林的土壤容重低于纯林,土壤总孔隙度和含水量大于纯林。另外,落叶松与大豆间作使土壤有机质含量增加,全N、速效N、P、K的含量增加,其中间作林土壤中N素含量增加尤为明显。     

人工林地力衰退现状及防治对策

通过对落叶松和杉木等人工林连栽作业引起地力衰退的研究表明，生物循环失调，栽培技术不当是引起人工林连栽地力衰退的主要原因。人工林地力衰退主要表现为土壤剖面逆向发育，土壤理化性质变差，有机质和养分状况恶化，人工林生产力下降等，指出调整林分结构、保护林下植被，营造混交林，科学经营是缓解人工林地力下降的重要措施。     

近自然经营理念在落叶松人工林经营中的应用

落叶松人工林是我国东北地区森林资源的重要组成部分,解决落叶松人工林生态环境问题、实现落叶松人工林的可持续发展,是东北林区森林经营的重要任务之一。文章通过阐述近自然经营理念、特征及优点,论述其在落叶松人工林经营中的应用,建立适合东北地区落叶松人工林近自然经营的两种模式,即落叶松-阔叶树混交林培育模式和落叶松-红松混交林培育模式,为落叶松人工林的可持续经营理论和实践提供参考。     

我国落叶松人工林地力衰退与施肥研究综述

落叶松是我国栽种区域最广的针叶树种。落叶松人工林的发展, 对我国人工林的发展至关重要。文中论述了我国落叶松人工林地的土壤物理性状、土壤化学性状和生物学性状, 分析了落叶松人工林地力衰退的研究现状并重点对落叶松人工林的施肥时期、施肥方法、施肥种类和用量以及施肥效应进行了归纳总结, 旨在为落叶松人工林的可持续发展以及营养管理研究和集约经营研究提供参考。     

落叶松人工林定向培育的研究

一、落叶松人工林收获量为了便于研究落叶松人工林的经济效果,实行定向培育,现以黑龙江省林业科学院江山娇实验林场的落叶松人工林为例,按     

间伐对日本落叶松人工林土壤理化性质的影响

为了揭示间伐对人工林土壤养分的影响,以日本落叶松人工林为研究对象,分析了间伐对土壤物理与化学性质的影响。结果表明:间伐对土壤物理性质影响不显著,间伐增加了不同土层土壤pH值和有效磷含量,强度间伐提高了表层土壤的全碳和全氮含量,而对亚表层全碳和全氮无显著影响。     

燕山西部山区不同年龄落叶松人工林草本植物多样性

为了解华北落叶松人工林物种多样性随林分年龄的变化规律,对燕山北部地区不同年龄华北落叶松人工林的生物多样性进行调查和分析。研究结果表明：3种林龄的落叶松人工林在物种丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener指数以及均匀度Pielou指数都以9 a生华北落叶松人工林为最高,其次为33 a生华北落叶松人工林,而18 a生华北落叶松人工林最低;林隙林隙地段物种多样性明显高于非林隙。随林分年龄的变化,华北落叶松人工林物种多样性没有表现出明显的规律性,与林分年龄相比,林分郁闭度以及林隙的数量对物种多样性的影响更大。     

甘肃小陇山日本落叶松人工林不同发育阶段土壤理化性质的变化

采用时序研究法对甘肃小陇山林区日本落叶松人工林不同发育阶段(6、15、23、35 a)的土壤物理性质、化学性质进行多因子综合比较,利用主成分分析的方法,以主成分特征贡献率为权重,计算土壤肥力综合指标值,分析土壤性质的演变规律。结果表明:日本落叶松人工林发育至近熟林阶段,土壤物理性质变差,表现为土壤密度最大1.62g·cm-3,毛管孔隙度和最大持水量降至最低,分别为29.69%、24.45%,并且土壤有机质、氮、磷、钾、镁、钙含量也明显降低;而到成熟林阶段,土壤理化性质有显著改善,土壤密度降低为1.21 g·cm-3、毛管孔隙度和最大持水量恢复至45.56%、42.65%,土壤养分含量也有了很大的提高,甚至超过了中龄林阶段的水平;同时幼龄林、中龄林、近熟林和成熟林土壤性质综合得分分别为-0.329、0.188、-0.565、0.739,也表明近熟林土壤性质最差,成熟林土壤性质最好。     

辽东地区落叶松人工林连作对立地质量的影响

采用解析木导向曲线法编制了辽东地区日本落叶松地位指数表。在此基础上，对落叶松地拉指数与立地因子及落叶松栽植代数的关系进行了分析，认为不同栽植代数对落叶松人工森地位指数影响差异显，落叶松连作造成立地质量下降。     

Effects of the second-generation larch plantations onsoil fertility and tree growth

Larch is one of the most important plantation species in the northeast region of China. After clear cutting of larch plantations it is the urgent problem to besolved that whether the second generation is continuously plant6d, whether the soil fertility is decreasing and the plantstion is how to be managed onthe forestry produCtion. In odder tO realize the secondgenerahon Of larch plantstions and to provide thetheoretical base and the reasonable managementmeasures, we inventoried the groWth o…     

沼泽地改造实验的调查与研究

调查研究结果表明，实验所采取的各项措施是可行有效的，沼泽地生境发生了明显变化，地下水平均下降０．６－１．０ｍ，地温５－２０ｃｍ处提高６－８℃，土壤的理化性质得到明显改善，水、气、热趋于协调。林木生长良好，６年生落叶松树高、胸径生长量分别为０．４６ｍ和０．５０ｃｍ，已达到速生丰产林标准。     

Dynamics of soil nutrients in larch plantations

IntroductionThesoildegradationofaFtificialforestisthecoreofresearchforplantationtostabilityandafforestationinChina.lnrecentyears,studiesonsoilfertiIityofplantationshavegradua[Iyincreased.forChinesefir,massonpine,popIar,Iarch,etc.Manyspecificmeas-ureshavebeenputfotwardtomaintainthesoilfertil-ityIevelinaFtificialforest(Pan1997,Yan1997lYan1996).owingtovariabilityofsoilfertilityinplantation,ithasmanydifficuItiestostudythesoiIfertility.Forexample,thesoiIsampIeplothastobemovedhori-zontalIyino…     

黑龙江省西部丘陵漫岗区径流效益分析

本文通过观测 ,对黑土漫岗林网区不同林种的土壤结构及理化性质、树冠截留、树干截留、枯落物截留及地表径流、径流含沙量的测定 ,测定出在黑土漫岗林网区 ,有林地比无林地的径流效益值大 ,其中有林地以落叶松、小黑杨、天然栎林的径流效益值较大 ,以落叶松林的径流效益值最大 ,果树林的径流效益值较小     

Effects of intercropping systems of trees with soybean on soil physicochemical properties in juvenile plantations

The intercropping system of tree with soybean in juvenile plantations, as a short-term practice, was applied at Lao Shan Experimental Station in Mao’er Shan Forest of Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China. The larch (Larix gmelinii)/soybean (Glycine max.) and ash (Fraxinus mandshurica) intercropping systems were studied in the field to assess the effects of the intercropping on soil physicochemical properties. The results showed that soil physical properties were improved after soybean intercropping with larch and ash in one growing season. The soil bulk density in larch/soybean and ash/soybean systems was 1.112 g·cm⁻³ and 1.058 g·cm⁻³, respectively, which was lower than that in the pure larch or ash plantation without intercropping. The total soil porosity also increased after intercropping. The organic matter amount in larch/soybean system was 1.77 times higher than that in the pure larch plantation, and it was 1.09 times higher in ash/soybean system than that in the pure ash plantation. Contents of total nitrogen and hydrolyzable nitrogen in larch/soybean system were 4.2% and 53.0% higher than those in the pure larch stand. Total nitrogen and hydrolyzable nitrogen contents in ash/soybean system were 75.5% and 3.3% higher than those in the pure ash plantation. Total phosphorus content decreased after intercropping, while change of available phosphorus showed an increasing trend. Total potassium and available potassium contents in the larch/soybean system were 0.6% and 17.5% higher than those in the pure larch stand. Total potassium and available potassium contents in the ash/soybean system were 56.4% and 21.8% higher than those in the pure ash plantation. Biography: FAN A-nan (1972–), female, Ph. Doctor in Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China.     

Relationships between larch growth and forest site factors

Dahurian larch (Larix gmelinii Rupr.) Rupr is one of the dominant species in both natural and man-made forests in northeast China. Effects of site factors, including topography, soil properties and nutrient elements (P, Ca, K, Mg, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ag, Co and Ni) on the growth of larch were analyzed in detail, qualitatively and quantitatively. The ordination technique was used to group the site factors and to classify sites for larch. Analysis indicated that height growth, diameter (DBH) and volume of the larch varied among site types and this will be of theoretical and practical significance in developing larch plantations.     

Succession of Soil Acidity Quality and its Influence on Soil Phosphorus Types

Succession rules of soil acidity quality of larch plantations in first rotation at different development stages, succession rules of soil acidity quality of young stand of larch plantations in second rotation and the relationship between soil acidity and various forms of organic phosphorus and inorganic phosphorus were studied in mountainous area of eastern part of Northeastern China. The results showed that active acidity (pH value) inrhizosphere soil decreased continually with stand age increasing from young stand, half-mature stand, near mature stand to mature stand, but active acidity (pH value) in non-rhizosphere soil, exchange acidity, exchangeable aluminium, total hydrolytic acidity, and the ratio of exchange acidity and total hydrolytic acidity in rhizosphere soil and in non-rhizosphere soil increased apparently; total organic P, moderately resistant organic P, and highly resistant organic P in soil decreased at all age stages in larch plantations when soil acidity added. For rhizosphere soil of