不同红枣品种嫁接比较试验

201O年4月15日～11月30日在阿克苏地区红旗坡农场七分场对104-红枣优良品种进行嫁接比较试验。结果表明：同一砧木嫁接不同的品种，嫁接成活率不同，主要是因为不同品种遗传特性和砧木与品种的亲和性有差异；6月后枣头生长速度快，骏枣和冬枣枣吊长度相近，冬枣的枣吊长度最长；冷白玉、大灰枣、阜香、六月鲜、金丝大枣叶片生长速度变化小，6～10月梨枣叶片生长速度较快；梨枣和骏枣果实生长速度快，8～10月冷白玉、金丝大枣、义乌大枣、冬枣、磨盘枣、大灰枣果实生长变化小；不同枣品种间的果实大小有明显差异，其中梨枣单果重最重，单果平均45g，其次为骏枣。     

河北省山区酸枣嫁接大枣技术

<正>酸枣因其果小皮薄,味道酸涩,难以产生经济效益,故栽培较少。但通过嫁接技术可将其改接为大枣品种,发展鲜食枣、干制枣、枣酒及蜜制枣生产,则能产生较高的经济效益,对农民创收具有重要意义。1品种选择河北地区拥有丰富的优质大枣品种资源,鲜食品种如冬枣、梨枣、辣椒枣,干制品种如著名的沧州金丝小枣、赞皇大枣,制酒品种如阜平大枣,蜜制品种如金丝小枣、马莲小枣等,均可作为嫁接品种。2接穗选取     

枣果实主要营养成分分析

<正>1材料与方法供试枣品种有阜平大枣、冬枣、金丝小枣、金丝新3号、金丝新4号、赞皇大枣。于半红期采摘阜平大枣、冬枣、金丝小枣、金丝新3号、金丝新4号、赞皇大枣,测定其果实Vc、水溶性糖、总酸及水分含量,并于     

等渗透势干旱、盐、碱胁迫下枣和酸枣叶片气体交换的响应

对等渗透势不同种类胁迫(干旱、盐、碱),枣和酸枣叶片气体交换均表现为比较相似的响应.与对照相比,历经60天的干旱、盐或碱胁迫后,5个枣品种及酸枣叶片气体交换响应总体表现为光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、水分利用效率(WUE)、气孔导度(Gs)及气孔限制值(Ls)降低,胞间CO2浓度(Ci)增大,但品种、处理、参数间差异明显:Pn减小幅度最大,Ls减小幅度最小;抗逆性强的品种降幅明显较小,以酸枣变幅最小,次为大瓜枣,金丝小枣变幅中等,冬枣、梨枣、泗洪大枣的这些参数的稳定性明显较低,诸参数的响应特性与枣品种综合抗逆性基本一致;碱胁迫的抑制效应大于干旱胁迫或盐胁迫,但相同渗透势下,干旱或盐、碱胁迫间叶片气体交换同一参数的差异不大,尤其渗透势降至-1.15 MPa差异更小;在同类胁迫下,渗透势为-1.15 MPa对气体交换的影响明显大干-0.30 MPa.     

河南省新郑市枣树研究所

本所专业从事枣树科研生产,已有长达二十八年的历史。本所长年为您提供以下良种枣苗:制干类有灰枣、八月鲜、九月红、鸡心枣、大枣王、金丝大枣、金丝4号、金丝6号、壶瓶枣、无核枣、马枣;鲜食类有冬枣、雪枣、梨枣、鸡蛋枣、芒果枣、骏枣、晋枣;观赏品种有龙须枣、胎里红、葫芦枣、辣椒枣、茶壶枣、磨盘枣、羊奶枣、婆婆枣等,均为全国名特优品种,并可供125个枣品种接穗。价格优惠,欢迎前来联系订购洽谈合作。     

陕北山地红枣抗裂性研究

在陕西榆林的米脂县通过田间实地调查、定位试验观测和室内试验结合,分析了当地不同红枣品种的抗裂特性和裂果的主要原因。结果表明,(1)自然条件下不同品种间裂果一般与降雨时间和枣果成熟度有关,而抗裂性很强的品种(如米枣)不受降雨的影响;(2)在浸泡12 h参试的6个红枣的裂果率表现为骏枣>赞皇大枣>梨枣>马牙枣>灌阳长枣>米枣,浸泡12 h后随着浸泡时间的延长各种红枣的裂果率均有上升,但它们的裂果率大小顺序基本不变;(3)枣果的裂果率与果实的12 h吸水率关系密切;(4)枣果的裂果率与果实的品质无相关性;(5)施肥有利于提高红枣的抗裂性能,其中施尿素处理后较为明显。     

新疆南疆矮化密植枣园三种红枣病害发生规律及其影响因素研究

以新疆南疆矮化密植枣园中发生的枣缩果病、枣果黑斑病和枣叶斑病为研究对象,采用普查和定时、定点调查的方法,研究不同间作模式、不同品种对3种病害发生为害的影响以及3种病害在田间的消长规律。结果表明:枣缩果病从7月中旬开始发生,到8月中下旬达到发病高峰,随后随着枣果的成熟,病害逐渐减轻;枣果黑斑病在8月下旬开始发生,随后不断加重;枣叶斑病在5月上旬开始发生,随着叶片的不断长大,病害逐渐加重。枣棉间作和枣辣椒间作均会加重3种病害的发生,不同品种中,"灰枣"的缩果病、枣果黑斑病发生最轻,"骏枣"次之,而"赞皇大枣"发病最重,"赞皇大枣"叶斑病发生最轻,"灰枣"次之,而"骏枣"发生最重。     

哈密红枣新成员‘脆枣王'

哈密现已栽培'哈密大枣'骏枣'灰枣'梨枣'等品种.其中'哈密大枣'成熟最早,为8月下旬-9月上旬.为了让大枣提前上市,同时改善我区的大枣品种结构,丰富品种资源,满足市场供应.2007年我们从山西运城引进了红枣新品种'脆枣王'进行试种,取得了成功.在我区该品种作为鲜食品种具有良好的发展前景.……     

提高红枣品质的技术措施

<正>博斯坦乡自2002年开始种植红枣,到2007年种植面积达到3300hm2,6年来博斯坦乡加大红枣新品种、新技术的推广应用,加强管理,在提高红枣品质方面积累了一定的经验。1选择优良品种目前,博斯坦乡种植的品种有骏枣、梨枣等品种,综合其品质及丰产性,制干品种以灰枣、骏枣、马牙枣较好。鲜食品种以铃枣、冬枣较好。2注重肥水管理2.1多施基肥枣园长期单施化肥对培肥地力、提高果品品质十分不     

枣树结果的新途径——利用木质化枣吊结果

正枣树原产我国,栽培历史约有7 000年。目前,我国枣栽培面积近200万公顷,占果树第三位,总产量达750多万吨,占果树第七位,占干果第一位。主产省份有新疆、陕西、山西、河北、山东、河南、甘肃等。枣品种有700多个,其中鲜食品种有261个,鲜、干兼用品种有159个。目前主要栽培品种有10个:金丝小枣、婆枣、赞皇大枣、木枣、灰枣、圆铃枣、长红枣、冬枣、梨枣,其产量占     

两个胚败育率不同的枣品种果实生育期内源激素的变化

 以胚轻度败育的冬枣和胚高度败育的梨枣为试材, 用高效液相色谱法对其果肉和种子的内源激素进行了测定。结果表明, 梨枣果肉在坐果后20 d 以内的玉米素(Z) 含量及坐果后30 d 以内的GA3 、IAA 含量皆高于冬枣果肉, ABA 出现较冬枣早40 d , 冬枣种子Z 含量在坐果后20 d 达到最高值, 远高于冬枣果肉; GA3 一直保持很低水平。冬枣种子IAA 在坐果后40 d 达到最高峰, 以后一直保持较高水平, 远高于冬枣果肉; IAA/ GA3 、IAA/ Z值直至坐果后55 d、40 d 保持低水平, 但之后急剧提高。梨枣坐果后10 d ,无仁果肉的3 种生长类激素含量皆高于有仁果。幼果果肉中高水平的生长类激素不利于胚的正常发育, 而幼胚中高水平的Z和IAA 有利于胚的正常发育。     

影响红枣幼茎组培增殖因子的研究

以灰枣、骏枣的幼嫩茎段为外植体,研究了不同有机添加物对红枣组培继代增殖的影响。结果表明:外植体灭菌采用酒精处理20s、升汞处理10min,茎段污染率低,平均出芽数比较高;灰枣初代培养基:MS+6-BA 1.0mg/L+NAA 0.2mg/L,骏枣初代培养基:MS+6-BA4.0mg/L+NAA 0.5mg/L;灰枣继代培养基:MS+6-BA 2.0mg/L+NAA 0.4mg/L,骏枣继代培养基:MS+6-BA 4.0mg/L+NAA 0.5mg/L;最适有机添加物为水解酪蛋白,在灰枣和骏枣的继代培养中的添加浓度分别为400mg/L和500mg/L。     

Physico-chemical properties and antioxidant capacity of different jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) cultivars grown in loess plateau of China

The physico-chemical properties and antioxidant capacity of the five main jujube varieties: Junzao, Lingbaozao, Jinzao, Zanhuangzao and Lizao collected from loess plateau of China were determined. The analyzed components included fruit yield, moisture content, total mass per fruit, pH, titratable acidity (TA), reducing sugars, total sugars, total soluble solids (TSS), ascorbic acid, total phenolics content, total flavonoids content and several pure phenolic compounds. The output of the analyses showed higher amounts of ascorbic acid and phenolics in these jujube varieties than in some common fruits. The antioxidative capacity of the jujube extracts, evaluated with the reducing power, the β-carotene bleaching, the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydracyl (DPPH•), and the 2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonicacid) (ABTS•⁺) scavenging methods, showed that the antioxidant activity of the extracts of Lingbaozao was excellent for free radical scavenging and a potent natural antioxidant of commercial value. Statistically significant differences were observed between jujube cultivars investigated with regards to the measured parameters except rutin content of fruit. These results demonstrated that the cultivar was the main factor which influences the physico-chemical properties and antioxidant activity of jujubes.     

赞皇大枣的群体遗传多样性评价

为了探明三倍体赞皇大枣的遗传基础,利用22个多态性引物对赞皇县及周边县区的50个赞皇大枣类型、26个酸枣类型、8个枣品种等3个群体进行了RAPD扩增,共扩增285个位点。遗传多样性分析表明:赞皇大枣群体的多态性位点百分率为58％,小于枣品种群体(66％)和酸枣群体(89％);赞皇大枣群体共扩增出205种带型,而酸枣群体扩增出416种带型;赞皇大枣群体内平均遗传距离为0．087,小于枣品种群体(0．181)和酸枣群体(0．254)。说明:赞皇大枣的遗传多样性小于枣品种群体,酸枣群体有较丰富的遗传背景。     

极早熟鲜食枣新品种‘夏甜’

极早熟鲜食枣新品种‘夏甜’是‘冬枣’ב临猗梨枣’的杂交后代中选出的。树体紧凑，枝条节间短。果实近圆形，平均单果质量15.65 g，可食率97.8%，果实可溶性固形物含量24.7%，维生素C含量3.32 mg • g-1。在河北大名县8月上中旬成熟，盛果期产量18.8 t • hm-2。适宜在河北省大名县、定州市和阜平县及生态条件类似地区栽培。     

厚皮甜瓜新品种秋季设施栽培适应性试验研究

以新疆哈密瓜研究中心选育的4个高档厚皮甜瓜品种黄皮98-18、绿皮98-18、雪里红和新金雪莲为材料,研究了在武汉市秋季塑料大棚栽培条件下4个厚皮甜瓜品种的生长发育过程,以期筛选出适宜华中地区秋季栽培的厚皮甜瓜品种。结果表明,4个甜瓜品种的果实发育期依次为45、47、40和35d,单果重依次为952.08、995.26、937.84和661.28g,果形多样;黄皮98-18和新金雪莲风味浓郁,口感绵软,绿皮98-18和雪里红鲜脆淡爽;4个品种都富含维生素C、游离氨基酸和可溶性蛋白。4个厚皮甜瓜品种都适合秋季设施栽培,综合产量、品质和抗病性考虑,黄皮98-18是最佳品种。     

Genetic relationships of pear cultivars in Xinjiang,China, as measured by RAPD markers

Summary

Thirteen native pear species have been identified in China, of which P. armeniacaefolia Yu and P. sinkiangensis Yu are specific to Xinjiang. P. armeniacaefolia grows wild and a few cultivars have been assigned to this species. Cultivars of P. sinkiangensis have been suspected to be of hybrid origin involving P. communis L. and P. bretschneideri Rehd. In this study, traditional pear cultivars in Xinjiang were evaluated using RAPD markers and compared with representatives of Occidental pear species, cultivars of P. communis and East Asian pear accessions. The combination of 72 pear accessions and 20 selected primers produced 231 scorable polymorphic RAPD bands, of which some were specific to certain species. Five main groups of pear accessions could be distinguished from UPGMA analysis: 1) P. xerophila Yu, its relatives and one cultivar of P. ussuriensis Max., 2) cultivars of P. sinkiangensis, 3) cultivars of P. pyrifolia Nakai and P. bretschneideri, 4) wild Occidental species, cultivars of P. communis and P. armeniacaefolia, and 5) hybrids between P. communis and Chinese or Japanese pear cultivars. The result of PCA generally agrees with that based on UPGMA. Based on RAPD data, some cultivars traditionally classified as P. bretschneideri should be assigned to P. sinkiangensis. Some heirloom cultivars assigned to P. communis were found to be of hybrid origin involving the Chinese white pear (P. bretschneideri) or sand pear (P. pyrifolia). Our results confirmed that P. sinkiangensis is of hybrid origin and at least P. communis, P. armeniacaefolia and Chinese white pears or sand pears have been involved. A further study is needed to understand how pear species and cultivars in Xinjiang are related to those originated from countries in Central Asia.     

Restoring the iconic Ulmus americana to urban landscapes: Early tree growth responds to aboveground conditions

Native trees provide a range of benefits, from supporting native wildlife to climate regulation, and many urban natural resource managers prioritize native tree planting and restoration. Ulmus americana (American elm) was once widely planted in American cities but has been decimated by Dutch elm disease (DED; Ophiostoma ulmi). Our study evaluated U. americana establishment and growth across urban landscapes. We planted ramets from three DED-tolerant U. americana genotypes (RV16, RV474, and Sunfield) along an urbanization gradient in Newark, DE and Philadelphia, PA, and assessed physiological and morphological responses. We analyzed how U. americana clone growth, chlorophyll fluorescence, and foliar chemistry relate to impervious surface area, ozone (O₃) concentrations, and soil characteristics. The one-year post planting mortality rate was low (4%) demonstrating these elms can withstand urban environmental conditions when provided ample water supply and protection from deer. As expected, the elms differed in growth rate, chlorophyll fluorescence, and foliar chemistry between the cities. Elms planted in Philadelphia had greater photosynthetic capacity in July (F_v/F_m = 0.76) and September (F_v/F_m = 0.75), while Newark elms had greater photosynthetic capacity in August (F_v/F_m = 0.78). Depleted foliar δ¹³C signatures in Philadelphia suggest elms are experiencing greater fossil-fuel derived atmospheric CO₂ than in Newark, possibly contributing to the greater growth rates observed in Philadelphia compared to Newark. Enriched foliar δ¹⁵N and greater foliar %N in Philadelphia clones suggest they are experiencing greater N deposition from NO_x-derived sources compared to Newark clones. Clones growing in Philadelphia had greater foliar nutrient concentrations despite growing in soils with greater heavy metal concentrations. These foliar-soil chemistry patterns suggest that clones growing in Philadelphia respond positively to urban environmental conditions in a large city, whereas clones growing in Newark may be experiencing N limitation in the first year of growth after planting.     

脱毒骏枣幼树叶片活性氧代谢的研究

 大田自然生长条件下脱毒骏枣幼树叶片的超氧阴离子(O₂ ·) 生成速率、过氧化氢(H₂O₂ ) 、丙二醛(MDA) 、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH) 、抗坏血酸(AsA) 含量以及超氧化物歧化酶( SOD) 、过氧化物酶( POD) 、过氧化氢酶(CAT) 、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR) 、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX) 活性的变化规律与对照未脱毒骏枣幼树叶片相应各指标的变化规律基本一致。生长前期脱毒骏枣幼树叶片的O₂ ·生成速率、H₂O₂、MDA含量以及SOD、POD、CAT、GR、APX活性都低于对照, 并且随着树体的不断生长, 差异越来越明显。后期除O₂· 生成速率、H₂O₂、MDA含量仍显著低于对照外, 其它各指标均显著高于对照。脱毒幼树叶片的AsA含量在整个生长期都高于对照, 前期差异不显著, 中后期差异显著。试验结果表明,脱毒骏枣与未脱毒骏枣相比具有较低的活性氧水平和较强的活性氧清除能力, 在生长后期表现出较强的抗性。     

西北地区枣树主栽品种抗寒性研究

通过研究西北地区枣树主栽品种抗寒性,对枣树适地适栽提供依据,以该地区9个枣树主栽品种的1 a生休眠枝条为试材,测定了不同低温处理相对电导率（REC）,配合logistic方程计算各品种的半致死温度（LT50）,确定品种的抗寒性。结果表明：9个主栽品种抗寒性差异较大,LT50在-20.16~-32℃,抗寒性由强到弱依次为...