大花蕙兰的快速繁殖

采用大花蕙兰的试管苗和原球茎作材料.以MS培养基或1/2MS为基本培养基,比较不同浓度的BA对大花蕙兰试管苗和原球茎增殖的影响,以及不同浓度的NAA对大花蕙兰试管苗生根的影响.试验结果表明：大花蕙兰原球茎增殖与分化的最佳培养基为（1/2MS＋NAA0.2mg/L＋BA1.0 mg/L）,原球茎增殖率达363.16%,芽分化率达到68.42%;其试管苗增殖的最佳培养基为（MS＋NAA0.2mg/L＋香蕉汁100g/L＋BA0.5mg/L）,芽增殖率达到91.67%;大花蕙兰试管苗生根的最佳培养基为（1/2MS＋NAA0.5mg/L）,平均每株生根数为2.60条.     

铁皮石斛优质试管苗繁育技术研究

以野生铁皮石斛为试材,采用限根培养法,研究了铁皮石斛种子非共生萌发特性及优质试管苗繁育技术。结果表明:授粉120d的种子达到生理成熟,能够顺利萌发;授粉140d种子达到形态成熟,萌发率可达98.51%;低温黑暗限制保存原球茎可控制其生长;在特定容器中用限根培养基MS+0.10mg·L~(-1) 6-BA+0.3mg·L~(-1) NAA+香蕉泥80g·L~(-1)培养小苗可得到优质试管苗;把试管苗移栽到松树皮中,成活率可达97.62%,该研究为铁皮石斛产业化育苗提供了新方法。     

铁皮石斛的种子培养

以铁皮石斛成熟种子为外植体,研究原球茎的诱导、增殖、分化和生根的最佳培养条件。结果表明:1/2 MS基础培养基最适合铁皮石斛的种子培养,45 d时原球茎诱导率达到95%;原球茎增殖的最佳培养基为1/2 MS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L+20%马铃薯提取液,每代增殖16倍,原球茎形态好、变异少;原球茎团于1/2 MS+6-BA 2 mg/L+NAA 0.25 mg/L+20%马铃薯提取液的培养基上可诱导丛芽分化,于MS+NAA 0.5 mg/L+20%香蕉汁+活性炭5g/L的培养基上易于诱导不定根的形成,60 d后可形成健壮的完整小植株。     

送春与多花兰杂种的非共生萌发与快速繁殖

用地生兰送春和附生兰多花兰进行种间杂交,对杂交种子进行非共生萌发和快速繁殖研究.结果表明:胚龄7个月、0.1 mol/L KOH处理10 min的种子萌发率最高;种子萌发后原球茎的增殖以Z4 (KC+BA 0.4 mg/L+NAA 0.6 mg/L+KT 0.2 mg/L ) 培养基为最好,增殖系数可达到12.8;在原球茎增殖和分化成苗过程中加入活性碳能够有效地防止切口褐化.     

杂交兰‘韩国桃花’×蕙兰种间杂交种子无菌萌发特征研究

 以大花蕙兰和墨兰杂交育成的品种‘韩国桃花’为母本, 再与蕙兰进行种间远缘杂交, 取其不同成熟度的种子进行无菌播种, 研究了杂交种子萌发、原球茎和根状茎的增殖与分化特征。结果表明: 授粉后240 d的种胚具有较好的萌发能力, 在所试的4种培养基中, 以1/2MS添加6-BA 0.5 mg·L^-1和NAA 2.0 mg·L^-1的处理萌发效果较好; 萌发的种子可以通过原球茎和根状茎两条途径增殖; 1/2MS培养基添加6-BA 0.5 mg·L^-1和NAA 2.0 mg·L^-1适于原球茎增殖, 培养30 d后增殖系数可达4.25; 而NAA 0.5、1.0 mg·L^-1适宜原球茎的发育和植株再生; 根状茎的增殖以NAA:6-BA = 2:1较适宜, 培养40 d后增殖系数可达6. 0以上; 当NAA浓度为1.0 mg·L^-1时, 根状茎发育及植株再生效果佳, 培养70 d后超过80%的根状茎茎端分化成苗。杂交后代通过原球茎和根状茎均可获得再生植株, 且形态无明显差别。     

象牙白花兰种子及茎尖培养与原球茎形态发生

 象牙白花兰授粉后5 个月的种子开始具有较高的萌发率; 椰乳或适量激素有利于种子的萌发;种子在萌发后胚发育形成原球茎, 原球茎经过增殖, 分化出叶片和根系, 形成完整的小植株。从播种到小植株的形成历时约7 个月。茎尖在MS + NAA 0. 1 + BA 3. 0 (单位: mg·L^-1 , 下同) + 椰乳10 %的培养基上诱导产生原球茎; 原球茎在MS + NAA 0. 1 + BA 5. 0 的培养基上增殖, 在无激素培养基上分化成芽; 小芽在附加7 %香蕉汁和3 %马铃薯汁的1/ 2 MS 培养基上诱导出根而再生完整小植株。不同pH 值、光照强度和培养方式对增殖效果有显著影响。     

云南独蒜兰的种子无菌萌发研究

云南独蒜兰〔Pleioneyunnanensis(Rolfe)Rolfe〕极具观赏价值和市场前景,种子无菌萌发是目前其快繁的主要途径。作者采用成熟未开裂的云南独蒜兰蒴果进行表面消毒,无菌条件下将种子分别播种于无激素的MS、1/2MS、改良Harvars(HA)、KundonC(KC)、Thomale(GD)(TH)等5种培养基以及添加不同浓度KT或6BA的改良Har vais培养基中,以上培养基中均添加蔗糖20g·L-1、琼脂7.0g·L-1,pH(5.5±1),温度(23±1)℃,暗培养。每处理接种3个100mL试管,每个试管种子约200粒。4周后统计萌发率,种子萌发以原球茎突破种皮为标准。试验结果表明,云南独…     

荻植株再生体系建立

以成熟种子为外植体建立了荻植株再生体系。荻成熟种子经20%"84"消毒液处理20 min,接种于MS+4%蔗糖(pH 5.5)培养基中培养5 d,萌发率为92%,褐化率为8%,污染率为0。萌发种子继代转入愈伤诱导培养基MS+1mg/l 6-BA+1mg/l 2,4-D+0.5mg/l NAA+4%蔗糖(pH 5.5),光照条件下愈伤组织诱导率为86%,黑暗条件下愈伤组织诱导率64%。荻愈伤组织在MS+1mg/L 6-BA+0.1mg/L2,4-D+0.5mg/L NAA+4%蔗糖(pH 5.5)进行不定芽诱导,不定芽发生率为91%。无根丛生芽继代转入不定根诱导培养1/2MS+0.25mg/L IBA+0.25mg/L NAA+4%蔗糖(pH 5.5),5天可见不定根形成,15天后不定根发生率为92%。研究还发现,荻种子萌发后可直接继代转入不定芽分化培养基形成健壮不定芽,不定芽诱导率为95%。     

贝可利空气凤梨组培快繁技术研究

以贝可利空气凤梨种子为外植体,开展离体快繁技术研究。结果表明:经预处理的荚果用75%酒精表面消毒30 s,0.1%HgCl_2消毒7～8 min效果最好。种子无菌萌发最佳培养基为:MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+IBA 0.1 mg/L,培养2周可以观察到部分种子萌发,部分种子脱分化成愈伤,继续培养愈伤能再分化成苗。最佳继代增殖培养基为:MS+6-BA0.6 mg/L+IBA 0.06 mg/L,不定芽分蘖多,生长较均匀,4个月增殖系数约为11。最适壮苗培养基为:MS+NAA 0.2 mg/L,培养30 d,不定芽生长良好,植株健壮,每株幼苗有10～11张真叶,不定芽基部长出粗壮的根系。炼苗一周,洗苗消毒后悬空栽培,25 d可以观测到部分植株基部分蘖出2～3个侧芽;30 d后统计,成活率达到95%以上。     

大蒜气生鳞茎快繁体系研究

以宝坻大蒜气生鳞茎为试材,比较了不同低温处理时间、不同诱导培养基对试管苗诱导率的影响,优化了气生鳞茎快繁体系。结果表明:低温处理14d,试管苗的诱导率最高;诱导生根的最佳培养基为MS基本培养基。由于气生鳞茎诱导试管苗不经过脱分化和再分化过程,所以不会产生遗传变异。     

东北铁线莲种子萌发特性的研究

由于受种子生理休眠作用的影响及硬而厚的种皮所产生的抑制作用,使东北铁线莲种子发芽慢、发芽率较低。现研究了东北铁线莲种子的形态学、种子活力等特性及不同温度、不同低温层积天数、不同化学试剂处理对其种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数的影响。结果表明:25℃低温层积140～160d,95%浓硫酸浸泡20s处理效果最好,可以提高东北铁线莲种子的发芽率。     

Influence of harvest time and after-ripening on the seed quality of eggplant

Eggplant cv. Emi and Tsakoniki were cultivated for seed in an unheated greenhouse and fruits were harvested at 25–65 days after anthesis (DAA) in order to determine the optimum harvest time. In addition, the effect of after-ripening on seed quality (i.e. seed size and germination) was examined by storing harvested fruit at 25 °C for 20 days prior to seed extraction. From the results, it was concluded that the optimum time of harvest for seed production is 55 DAA. Seeds extracted from fruits that were harvested at 25–35 DAA did not germinate, but when fruits harvested at the same age were stored for 20 days at 25 °C prior to seed extraction (i.e. seeds were after-ripened) germination was induced. Seeds extracted from fruits harvested at 45 DAA showed a high percent germination, which decreased after storage at 25 °C for 3 months. This decrease, however, was reduced by after-ripening prior to extraction. It is concluded that although eggplant is a non-climacteric species and fruit do not ripen after harvest, nevertheless seeds within the fruit continue to fill and mature after harvest; hence storage of prematurely harvested fruit prior to seed extraction permits the seeds of these fruits to after-ripen in situ and thereby increases seed size and germination. The implication of this result for eggplant seed production is discussed.     

用浓硫酸处理窄叶野豌豆种子的发芽试验

窄叶野豌豆种子存在硬实现象,硬实种子不透水,在不经过处理的情况下,发芽率极低(8%)。为提高窄叶野豌豆种子的发芽率,采用98%的浓硫酸对窄叶野豌豆种子进行浸种处理。通过在不同温度下进行发芽可知,窄叶野豌豆种子发芽最适温度为10℃。在10℃温度条件下,经浓硫酸浸种处理10 min的种子发芽率达到100%,发芽势达到82%。用浓硫酸处理5~50 min的种子平均发芽率为95.8%,平均发芽势为68%;而不经浓硫酸处理的空白对照试验组发芽率仅为8%。     

山东银莲花种子萌发特性研究

以山东特有野生花卉山东银莲花为试材,对其种子萌发特性进行了研究。结果表明:山东银莲花种子萌发启动时间长,萌发过程中无发芽高峰;最适发芽温度为20℃;赤霉素处理能明显提高种子发芽率,最适赤霉素浓度为500 mg/L;低温层积20 d后再用200 mg/L赤霉素处理效果最好,发芽率达90.67%。     

白菜种子萌发的热抑制现象及其与细胞壁降解酶的关系

为了探讨白菜种子萌发热抑制的机制,以新收获的白菜种子为材料,研究了种子萌发对不同温度的响应,后熟、冷层积和植物激素处理对种子萌发的作用,以及种子萌发和不同处理与细胞壁降解酶之间的关系。结果表明,当萌发温度 ≥ 20 ℃时,种子的萌发率显著降低,热抑制的种子不表现次生休眠。后熟、层积和GA₃处理能有效地降低种子萌发的热抑制;相反,ABA处理则增强种子萌发的热抑制。种子萌发过程中内切–β–甘露聚糖酶、β–甘露糖苷酶和α–半乳糖苷酶的活性增加。与新收获的种子相比,后熟、层积和GA₃处理增加上述3种酶的活性;ABA处理增加内切–β–甘露聚糖酶的活性,但不影响β–甘露糖苷酶和α–半乳糖苷酶的活性。在不同温度下吸胀48 h的种子的内切–β–甘露聚糖酶和α–半乳糖苷酶的活性变化与随后种子的萌发没有直接关系。说明新收获的白菜种子具有明显的萌发热抑制,这种特性能被后熟、层积和GA₃处理以增强细胞壁降解酶活性的方式有效地解除。     

南方红豆杉种子冷冻催芽试验初报

设置系列冷冻温度和处理时间开展南方红豆杉种子冷冻催芽试验,结果表明:南方红豆杉种子经冷冻处理,于4月份气温升高后播种,约25d种子即可萌发;在-20～-15℃条件下,冷冻处理30d即达最佳效果,其萌发率在75%以上。     

Effect of stratification temperature,stratification period and seed coat on seed germination of peach cultivar ‘Sharbati’

Freshly harvested seeds of peach cultivar ‘Sharbati’ were found to be dormant and did not germinate at all. A specific low-temperature stratification treatment was required to overcome seed dormancy. 10° C stratification was found to be the best for breaking seed dormancy. Increased seed germination was recorded when the seeds were after-ripened without seed coats as compared to the seeds after-ripened with seed coats. There was no further increase in germination when seeds without seed coats were stratified beyond 60 days at 10° C, while a significant increase was recorded up to 75 days of stratification in the case of seeds with seed coats. Unstratified seed coats, soaked in water for 72 h, leached out a water-soluble inhibitor, which could suppress the germination of stratified peach seeds without seed coats. When this leachate was bioassayed by a cress-seed germination test, it showed the presence of an inhibitor at Rf 0.7-0.9. Hence, delayed germination of seeds with seed coats may be due to the presence of an inhibitor in seed coats.     

猕猴桃种子萌发特性研究

用物理和化学方法处理猕猴桃种子,研究其种子萌发特性。结果表明:用5~20℃变温处理比0~15℃变温处理种子萌发早,在处理后第18天开始萌发,第25天接近最大值,低变温处理在第37天开始萌发,第60天接近最大值;在猕猴桃种子适宜萌发的条件下,用赤霉素处理的种子发芽势和发芽率明显高于对照,尤其是发芽势明显增强,平均发芽数在播后第20天(发芽势记载日期)比对照高38.3%~80.1%,在播后第19天高67.2%~140.4%,同时萌发的时间缩短,比对照早2~4 d;不同浓度处理之间的发芽率随着浓度的增加也有增效作用,浓度越大,发芽率越高,在播后第19天的发芽率在39.3%~56.5%之间,第24天的发芽率在94.3%~99%之间。     

Physical dormancy in myrtle seed

The nature of dormancy in seeds of myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) was investigated. Scarification with cold acid or sand paper and soaking in water increased seed germination, whilst stratification, inserting the seeds in boiling water or hot acid treatment decreased the number of germinating seeds. The highest germination was obtained by treating the seeds with 100 % cold acid for 60 min or 80 % cold acid for 120 min. Hard seed coat was found to be the principal cause of poor seed germination.Scarified and non-scarified seeds were germinated for 2 weeks at 6 temperatures between 5 and 30° C, and 20° C was optimum.     

薄皮木种子萌发特性研究

以薄皮木当年种子为试材,研究了相对含水量、基质、盐胁迫和pH值等因素对其种子萌发的影响,以期为薄皮木引种驯化和开发利用提供理论依据.结果表明:基质含水量为26.67％时,发芽率和发芽势最高,分别达到30％和20％;薄皮木种子具有广泛的土壤适应性,以沙子、蛭石混合物(比例1∶1)作萌发基质最为适宜;当NaCl浓度为0.5mol/L时,种子萌发率最高为43.43％;在pH 3.0～11.0范围内均可萌发.