辽宁省野生大豆种质资源及利用现状

野生大豆(Glycine soja)在辽宁省不同农业生态区均有分布.野生大豆具有高蛋白、多花荚和多抗逆等特点.辽宁省野生大豆具有丰富的生物多样性.利用野生大豆丰富的遗传种质基础,进行野生大豆和栽培大豆的种间杂交,可实现基因重组,拓宽大豆的遗传背景,创造大豆新种质.近年来由于垦荒、放牧、修建基础设施和开发旅游业等人为活动,以及环境污染等不利因素的影响,野生大豆的生存环境受到不同程度的威胁.建议各级政府职能部门应加强对野生大豆资源的原位保护或原生境保护.     

黑龙江省高皂甙大豆种质资源筛选

为了筛选黑龙江省高皂甙种质资源,采用酶标仪比色法分别检测了黑龙江省15份野生大豆(Glycine soja)、55份栽培大豆(Glycine.max)的皂甙含量.结果表明:不同类型大豆皂甙含量有明显遗传差异,变幅为1156.97～3977.84 μg·g-1.栽培大豆的皂甙含量高于野生大豆,筛选出高皂甙含量的野生大豆种质资源1份、栽培大豆种质资源3份.     

中俄大豆种质遗传多样性分析

种质资源的扩增、改良和创新是解决大豆遗传基础狭窄的主要途径.利用SSR分子标记技术对来自俄罗斯和黑龙江省的82份野生大豆和东北四省区的39份栽培大豆材料进行遗传多样性分析,为种质资源利用和创新提供分子依据.在所合成的45对SSR引物中,12对引物扩增结果表现出良好的多态性,多态性位点共检测到50个等位基因,每个位点2～7个,平均4.17个,平均多态性信息量为0.595.聚类分析结果表明,在遗传相似系数0.734处,野生大豆和栽培大豆被明显的分开,与以往大豆属Soja亚属的形态学分类结果相一致,为野生大豆和栽培大豆分为两个种提供了分子水平上的依据.野生大豆和栽培大豆的平均遗传距离分别为0.2595和0.1895,表明野生大豆的遗传多样性比栽培大豆丰富.因此,可以利用俄罗斯和东北地区的野生大豆特有等位变异来扩大东北栽培大豆遗传多样性,进而拓宽东北大豆遗传基础.     

黑龙江省野生大豆资源考察研究新进展

十五期间再次考察黑龙江省野生大豆（G.soja）资源状况，确定了我国野生大豆分布的北界和东界位点，收集保存野生大豆种质千余份。对其鉴定创新研究取得新进展，检测筛选出异黄酮含量0.45%以上野生大豆优异种质资源14份，创新选育出含有野生大豆亲缘，优质、抗病大豆新种质龙品8802-1、龙品03-324、龙品03-311等。     

分子标记研究野生大豆遗传多样性进展

野生大豆是栽培大豆的近缘野生种,是大豆遗传改良的重要基因源。野生大豆的遗传多样性研究对野生大豆资源的收集、保存、保护和利用具有重要意义。本文从种质库资源的多样性,不同国家野生大豆资源的多样性,野生大豆种群的多样性和野生大豆种群间的遗传分化几个方面,总结了利用RAPD、AFLP和SSR等DNA分子标记技术对野生大豆资源和种群进行遗传多样性研究的进展。     

东北野生大豆遗传多样性分析

对东北三省15个小区3 069份大豆种质资源的11个主要性状进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明:黑龙江省野生大豆资源的多样性指数在0.580~0.952;吉林省野生大豆资源的多样性指数在0.757~0.865;辽宁省野生大豆资源的多样性指数在0.666~0.922。多样性最丰富的地区集中在黑龙江南部、中部及辽宁辽中地区;而黑龙江极早熟地区的多样性较贫乏。研究表明松嫩平原东北部、三江平原及辽河平原北部为东北野生大豆遗传多样性富集区。15个小区11个主要性状的多样性均以蛋白含量的多样性指数最大,脐色和花色的多样性指数最小。东北三省野生大豆资源综合变异系数辽宁最高(35.03)、吉林次之(33.31)、黑龙江略低(30.23)。     

中国不同纬度野生大豆和栽培大豆SSR分析

采用SSR分子标记技术对我国不同纬度的野生大豆（G.soja)和栽培大豆（G.max)各22份进行了多样性分析，通过对所合成的40对引物的筛选，12对引物扩增结果表明出良好的多态性，引物BARC-sat39在野生大豆和栽培大豆之间有特异谱带，表明这个SSR标记是与栽培大豆和野生大豆有关的一个等位基因位点，通过对实验结果量化后数据分析；野生大豆和栽培大豆的平均遗传距离分别为0.175和0.150，表明野生大豆的多态性比栽培大豆较为丰富，在遗传距离0.300处，野生大豆和栽培大豆被明显分为二类，与以往大豆属Soja亚属的形态学分类结果相一致，为野生大豆和栽培大豆分为二个种提供了分子水平上的证据。     

野生与栽培大豆某些性状的比较及其在大豆育种中的利用

野生大豆由于丰富的遗传背景在大豆育种中具有重要的利用价值.选取来自俄罗斯远东地区和中国东北地区的野生大豆与栽培在中国北京种植,并对其农艺性状进行比较.与栽培大豆相比,野生大豆具有较高的蛋白质含量(47.55%),较低的脂肪含量(12.91%).此外,野生大豆的异黄酮含量高并且具有较好的胞囊线虫抗性.将经过筛选的不同野生大豆与栽培大豆进行杂交,已经选育出一些具有高异黄酮含量和良好胞囊线虫抗性的大豆材料.同时研究了野生大豆与栽培大豆的天然杂交,发现通过分析F1代花色和荚皮色的分离情况可以鉴定天然杂交种.结果证明通过杂交的方式将野生大豆中的目的基因导入栽培大豆进而提高大豆育种效率是切实可行的.     

重庆不同类型大豆异黄酮含量与品质性状的测定与分析

选取重庆地区96份野生大豆和102份地方品种,检测其蛋白质、脂肪及异黄酮含量,并进行品质性状间的相关分析,探索重庆大豆异黄酮含量的生态分布规律以及异黄酮与品质性状间的相关性,发掘品质优良的大豆种质资源.结果表明:重庆地区的野生大豆蛋白质和脂肪含量低于其地方品种,但异黄酮含量高,不同类型大豆的异黄酮含量变异丰富.试验同时...     

Soja亚属内的半野生大豆及其资源价值

半野生大豆是野生大豆向栽培大豆进化过程中的一系列中间类型，具有野生大豆高蛋白、多花荚、生长繁茂等优异性状，又具有综合性状较进化的特点，因此，与栽培大豆种间杂交，对拓宽大豆育种遗传基础，创造优异新种质，比野生大豆更便捷有效。茎叶高大繁茂的半野生大豆，有可能成为青贮、青饲、绿肥的新资源。     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Present Situation and Consideration of Seed Processing and Testing Theory and Technology

Seed processing and testing hold the key to the market circulation of seeds, and are an indispensable link in commercial breeding to endow seeds with commodity attributes. The research of seed processing and testing theory and technology is an important link in improving the seed industry chain, realizing large-scale commercial breeding and consolidating the seed industry science of ‘integration of breeding, propagation and promotion’. The scientific and technological system of seed industry in China is being formed and perfected, which is subject to the development level of the industry. The theory and technology of seed processing and testing are relatively weak. We reviewed the development of seed processing and testing theory and technology, and put forward strategies and suggestions to improve the sound development of China’s seed industry. In order to meet the needs of seed industry development and on the basis of high quality breeding of varieties, the new directions and demands of seed processing and testing theory and technology were analyzed. We will work to strengthen the applied research of seed industry, establish advanced seed quality inspection system, improve seed processing equipment suitable for the development needs of modern seed industry, establish standardized production system of seed processing industry, develop the scientific and technological disciplines of seed industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of seed industry.     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。