大黄鱼人工育苗技术

本文介绍了大黄鱼受精卵的孵化和生物饵料的营养强化技术,以及仔、稚鱼的形态特征和生态习性;提出了仔鱼期、稚鱼期、幼鱼期的鱼苗培育技术,并对人工育苗的关键技术进行了探讨。     

暗纹东方鲀苗种的池塘培育技术

本文针对暗纹东方鲀苗种培育的不同阶段──仔鱼期、稚鱼期和幼鱼期，提出了具体的养殖技术措施。     

pH对丁鱥仔鱼和稚鱼肠及肝胰脏蛋白酶活性的影响

研究了pH值对丁鱥仔鱼和稚鱼肠、肝胰脏蛋白酶活性的影响。实验结果表明：丁鱥仔鱼、稚鱼蛋白酶活性的最适pH值不同，仔鱼期蛋白酶的峰值和次峰值分别出现在pH7．8和10．4，稚鱼期肠道和肝胰脏蛋白酶的最适pH均不小于10．6。稚鱼期肝胰脏蛋白酶活性高于肠，仔鱼期比稚鱼期的蛋白酶活性低。     

池养条件下黄河鲤仔稚鱼的生长及形态发育初步观察

本文结合生产试验过程，对黄河鲤仔稚鱼生长过程中的形态特征进行了初步描述，研究了仔稚鱼的生长以及全长、体长、体重的相互关系。从初孵仔鱼发育至稚鱼约需12天左右，全长达到13.4-21.7mm。仔鱼期体长的增长大于体重的增长；而进入稚鱼期后，体重的增长明显加快。     

眼斑拟石首鱼苗种生产技术

介绍了眼斑拟石首鱼的生长与繁殖特性，亲鱼选择和采卵方法，以及受精与孵化技术，并提出了仔鱼前期、仔鱼后期、稚鱼期、幼鱼期的鱼苗培育措施。     

大黄鱼人工育苗技术总结

介绍了大黄鱼受精卵孵化和生物饵料的营养强化技术,提出了仔鱼期、稚鱼期、纪鱼期的培育技术,并对人工育苗的关键技术进行了探讨 。     

暗纹东方钝苗种的池塘培育技术

本文针对暗纹东方钝苗种培育的不同阶段－仔鱼期,稚鱼期和幼鱼期,提出了具体的养殖技术措施。     

pH对丁仔鱼和稚鱼肠及肝胰脏蛋白酶活性的影响

研究了pH值对丁鱼岁仔鱼和稚鱼肠、肝胰脏蛋白酶活性的影响。实验结果表明:丁鱼岁仔鱼、稚鱼蛋白酶活性的最适pH值不同,仔鱼期蛋白酶的峰值和次峰值分别出现在pH 7.8和10.4,稚鱼期肠道和肝胰脏蛋白酶的最适pH均不小于10.6。稚鱼期肝胰脏蛋白酶活性高于肠,仔鱼期比稚鱼期的蛋白酶活性低。     

pH对丁(鱼岁)仔鱼和稚鱼肠及肝胰脏蛋白酶活性的影响

研究了pH值对丁(鱼岁)仔鱼和稚鱼肠、肝胰脏蛋白酶活性的影响.实验结果表明:丁(鱼岁)仔鱼、稚鱼蛋白酶活性的最适 pH值不同,仔鱼期蛋白酶的峰值和次峰值分别出现在pH 7.8和10.4,稚鱼期肠道和肝胰脏蛋白酶的最适pH均不小于10.6.稚鱼期肝胰脏蛋白酶活性高于肠,仔鱼期比稚鱼期的蛋白酶活性低.     

丁(鱼岁)仔稚幼鱼期的摄食与生长

丁Gui仔、稚、幼鱼期具有明显的昼夜摄食节律，其中，仔、稚鱼最大饱食率出现在16：00到20：00，00：00到04：00时有停食现象。幼鱼最大饱食率出现在14：00到22：00，昼夜无明显的停食现象。仔鱼食谱中主要是轮虫，稚鱼食谱渐丰富，幼鱼期食谱更为扩大，且出现了一定量的底栖动物。仔、稚鱼体重、全长瞬时增长率要高于幼鱼期，而且，体重快速增长期要先于全长快速生长期。仔、稚和幼鱼阶段是匀速生长。     

双棘黄姑鱼人工育苗技术的研究

对双棘黄姑鱼催产、孵化和育苗技术进行了试验,并观察描述了其仔、稚鱼及幼鱼早期发育的主要特征.通过对饵料强化及水质控制等育苗关键技术的改进,在水温24.5～28.5℃、盐度26～30的条件下,共培育出平均全长30.92 mm的鱼苗约2.45×105尾.     

Juvenile Chinook salmon,Oncorhynchus tshawytscha,growth and diet in riverine habitat engineered to improve conditions for spawning

Abstract Many habitat enhancement techniques aimed at restoring salmonid populations have not been comprehensively assessed. The growth and diet of juvenile Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), rearing in a reach designed to enhance spawning were evaluated to determine how a non‐target life stage fared in the engineered habitat. Prior work demonstrated differences in food web structure between restored and unenhanced reaches of the Merced River, thus juvenile salmon feeding dynamics were also hypothesised to vary. Dependent variables were compared among fish collected from within and near the upper boundary of the restored reach and in an unenhanced habitat upstream. Diets, otolith‐derived growth and stable isotope‐inferred trophic positions were compared. Baetidae mayflies were particularly important prey in the restored reach, while elsewhere individuals exhibited heterogeneous diets. Salmon residing at the bottom of the restored reach exhibited slightly faster growth rates relative to fish collected elsewhere, although stable isotope and diet analyses suggested that they fed at a relatively low trophic position. Specialised Baetis predation and/or abundant interstitial refugia potentially improved rearing conditions in the restored reach. Data suggest that gravel enhancement and channel realignment designed to augment adult spawning habitat may simultaneously support juvenile Chinook salmon despite low invertebrate food resources.     

Paralarval rearing of Octopus vulgaris (Cuvier) in Tuscany,Italy

This paper describes the research work carried out on Octopus vulgaris reproduction at Maricoltura di Rosignano Solvay, Italy, during the period 2002–2007. Already in the first few years, it was possible to establish healthy broodstock groups, starting from subadults captured in the wild. Obtaining numerous viable eggs was not difficult and paralarval rearing up to around 40 days was successful. In 2007, the first juveniles were produced and the oldest juvenile reached the age of 160 days. During the initial stages, careful attention was paid to work as closely as possible with standard aquaculture procedures for live food production (mainly the use of Artemia and rotifers as live prey) and paralarval rearing techniques, in order to facilitate the step towards industrialization later on.     

Modelling the reestablishment of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in Klamath River tributaries after dam removal

The planned removal of four dams on the Klamath River (anticipated 2024) will be the largest river restoration effort ever undertaken on the planet. Dam removal will restore access to >50 km of the Klamath River mainstem for coho salmon, but mainstem habitat may not be suitable for rearing juvenile coho salmon. Instead, small tributaries may provide most rearing habitat for reestablishing coho salmon. We used four approaches to evaluate six Klamath River tributaries above existing dams to assess their potential to support juvenile coho salmon: (1) We measured summer temperature regimes and evaluated thermal suitability. (2) We applied an Intrinsic Potential (IP) model to evaluate large-scale geomorphological constraints on coho salmon habitat. (3) We used the Habitat Limiting Factors Model (HLFM) to estimate rearing capacity for juveniles given current habitat conditions. (4) We developed an occupancy model using data from reference tributaries to predict coho salmon rearing distribution. All six streams had summer temperatures cooler than the mainstem Klamath River. However, five of the streams have barriers that will restrict coho salmon to within 5 km of the confluence with the Klamath River and two were disconnected mid-summer. Despite these constraints, the tributaries will likely produce coho salmon. Most streams had high IP in their lower reaches, the HLFM model estimated a total capacity of 105,000 juvenile coho salmon, and the occupancy model predicted juvenile coho salmon will rear throughout the accessible reaches. Protection and habitat enhancement for these tributaries will be important for coho salmon reestablishment post-dam removal.     

Effect of rearing density on the growth and welfare indices of juvenile spotted wolffish,Anarhichas minor (Olafsen)

The goal of this study was to determine the optimal stocking density for rearing juvenile spotted wolffish, Anarhichas minor (Olafsen), at two different sizes and assess the welfare status in relation to density. No major growth impairment was observed, although smaller fish (50–100 g) were significantly affected by density during the 120 days of the experiment, with final mean weights of 119.6 ± 11.6, 118.0 ± 5.8 and 88.7 ± 0.6 g for initial rearing densities of 10, 20 and 40 kg m^?2 respectively. No effect of rearing density was seen for larger fish (100–160 g) during the 90 days of the experiment, with final mean weights of 160.2 ± 5.9, 159.7 ± 3.7 and 163.7 ± 11.5 g at fixed rearing densities of 20, 30 and 40 kg m^?2 respectively. Our results suggest that the optimal rearing density of juvenile spotted wolffish is below 40 kg m^?2 for smaller size fish (～50–100 g) and probably ≥40 kg m^?2 for the larger fish (100–160 g). Furthermore, it appears that the range of rearing density used did not have a significant effect on a selection of stress indicators (Na⁺ and K⁺ concentration, haematocrit, hepatosomatic index, total amount of plasma proteins and liver and muscle water content) and immunity response (plasma lysozyme activity) of juvenile spotted wolffish, making it a very tolerant species to crowding.     

养殖密度对克氏原螯虾幼虾生长、摄食和饵料利用影响

以体重(0.015±0.004)g克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)幼虾为研究对象,研究了50、100、300、600、900尾/m25种养殖密度对克氏原螯虾幼虾生长、摄食和饲料利用的影响,实验周期为30 d。结果显示:克氏原螯虾幼虾的体长、特定生长率、平均日增重、存活率和蜕壳率都随养殖密度的增大而减小,其中日增重由(0.007±0.002)g下降为(0.002±0.001)g,蜕壳率由(100±0.000)%下降为(37.222±3.928)%,降幅明显;体长、体重变动系数随养殖密度的增大而增大。每组个体的平均摄食量和摄食率均与养殖密度成反比。此结果表明养殖密度的增大总体来说不利于克氏原螯虾幼虾的生长和摄食。在饲料利用方面,饵料转化率在各养殖密度组之间无明显差异;蛋白质特定生长率、脂肪特定生长率和脂肪储积率随养殖密度增大呈减小趋势,蛋白质储积率呈增大趋势。     

Response changes with growth in the gustatory receptors of young yellowtails (Seriola quinqueradiata)

SUMMARY: Laboratory-hatched juvenile yellowtails (mean fork length, 9.3 cm) were reared for 2 months in two groups on different kinds of food, mysid and squid in one group and fish in the other, and the gustatory neural responses to seven chemicals (adenosine-5'-monophosphate, alanine, arginine, betaine, proline, tryptophan, and valine) were recorded in fish before and after the 2-month rearing period. Large variances in the responses to some chemicals were noticed in the juveniles before the rearing experiment. Mann–Whitney U -tests on the neural responses indicated significant changes in the magnitude of the responses to valine and some other chemicals relative to that for proline or tryptophan between the pre- and the two post-rearing groups. No significant differences in the response magnitude for the seven chemicals were observed for the two post-rearing groups suggesting that the response changes during the 2-month rearing might have been intrinsic and not due to specific food items in the diet. The dose–response relationship for some chemicals was also examined in the juveniles before and after the 2-month rearing. A slight lowering of threshold was noticed for alanine and valine after the rearing. Data on the responses of wild yellowtails were in support of the changing responsiveness of gustatory receptors during development of juvenile yellowtails.     

Observations and Techniques for Maturation, Spawning, and Larval Rearing of the Yellowtail Snapper Ocyurus chrysurus

Abstract.— This paper describes current techniques used at our laboratory for the controlled spawning, maturation and larval rearing of the yellowtail snapper. Juvenile yellowtail snapper were obtained from Florida and transferred to the Fisheries and Mariculture Laboratory in July 1990. Temperature and photoperiod manipulation resulted in precocial spawning in 1991, with sustained successive spawning beginning in February 1992. Average weekly spawning from 1992–1994 was 308,000 and 247,000 eggs/tank, with fertilization rates of 46.1 % and 32.5% for fish maintained in two separate spawning tanks. Observations on spawning activity from 1995 to 1996, during which a decreasing trend in egg and larval quality was observed, imply a possible problem with broodstock nutrition. Evaluation of feeding regimes during this period indicated a shift to a high (almost exclusively) usage of fresh squid and a reduction in fish and shrimp. Returning to a feeding regime of alternating feedings of fresh fish, squid. and shrimp have yielded improved spawning and egg quality. Larval rearing techniques using live and prepared feeds has resulted in an overall survival of 3% from egg to advanced juvenile. Growout of first generation (F1) juveniles yielded a marketable size (1 1b) fish in 25 mo. Spawning of F1 fish hegan in 1998. larval rearing and grow out of F2 fish are currently underway. Results demonstrate that yellowtail snapper culture is technically feasible; however. further research to develop species specific culture techniques will be required before the culture potential of this species can be accurately evaluated.     

锯缘青蟹人工苗中间培育试验报告

１９９９～２０００年进行了锯缘青蟹人工苗中间培育的试验研究，２年间共投入中间培育的大眼幼体８６４．２万只，培育出稚蟹（Ｃ３～Ｃ７）５７５万只，成活率达到６６．５４％。探讨了大眼幼体的放养时间、放养及中间培育与环境因子的关系。     

Commercial‐scale Validation of Temperature‐step Rearing on Growth Physiology in Turbot,Scophthalmus maximus

The aim of this study was to investigate the possible benefit of “temperature‐steps” (T‐steps) rearing for juvenile turbot (initial weight 15.1 g) under realistic production scale and to determine whether initial growth advantage is maintained throughout the rearing period to market size. One group (called T‐step 22‐19‐16) of juvenile turbot was reared at three different temperatures, that is, 22 C (from 17 to 60 g) followed by 19 C (from 60 to 100 g) and 16 C (>100 g); another group (called T‐step 19‐16) at two temperatures, that is, 19 C (from 17 to 100 g) and lowered to 16 C (>100 g); and the third group (called C16) at one constant temperature, that is, 16 C. Relative growth was significantly higher in the two T‐step groups, with the T‐step 19‐16 showing the highest overall growth. Feed conversion efficiency was highest in the 19‐16 group. Only minor effects of the experimental rearing on blood physiology were found, with one notable exception of inverse relationship between plasma glucose and growth. Overall, these findings indicate that a short interval of rearing fish at high temperature during the early juvenile phase may have a long‐term effect on biomass increment in turbot. This is an important finding for the turbot industry.