桂花板栗糕的研制

以板栗和桂花为原料制作桂花板栗糕,采用单因素试验及正交试验研究桂花板栗糕的最佳配方和工艺。试验结果表明,以60 g板栗为基础,白砂糖添加量30%、水添加量350%、桂花添加量1.3%、吉利丁片添加量15 g为最佳配方。此条件下所得桂花板栗糕具有较高的品质和营养价值。     

臭菜糯米饼干的研制

以面粉、糯米粉和臭菜汁作为主要原料,通过采用单因素试验和正交试验,研究臭菜糯米饼干的最佳配方。试验结果表明:最优配方为面粉与糯米粉100%(比例为5︰1)、植物油40%、绵白糖32%、臭菜汁9%、乳粉10%、碳酸氢钠1%;制得的成品具有糯米香味,芯部碧绿,口感松脆,后味持久。     

新型螺旋藻酸奶的研制

螺旋藻酸奶是以螺旋藻为原料,采用最佳配方将螺旋藻与酸奶有机结合起来,集营养、保健于一体的高生物活性新型营养保健酸奶。研究螺旋藻酸奶的生产工艺、配方以及产品感官性状、酸度等变化,通过正交试验,确定产品的最佳配方为：螺旋藻添加量4.0%、蔗糖添加量7.0%、发酵剂接种量3.0%、发酵时间4.0h,选用0.3%的黄原胶作为稳...     

西兰花营养面条的工艺研究

以西兰花粉和小麦粉为主要原料,研究不同添加量的西兰花粉、水分、复合磷酸盐、食盐和食用碱对西兰花营养面条品质的影响。通过L16(45)正交试验和感官品质评价,确定面条最佳配方:西兰花粉添加量为6%、复合磷酸盐添加量为0.5%、食盐添加量为2%、水分用量38%和食用碱添加量为0.2%。此法生产的面条耐煮,口感好,而且营养丰富,具有一定保健作用。     

果汁膳食纤维复合饮料的研究

以苹果和玉米皮为主要原料,对果汁膳食纤维复合饮料进行研究。试验分别讨论了苹果汁、膳食纤维、绵白糖和柠檬酸4个因素对果汁膳食纤维复合饮料感官的影响,通过正交试验确定最佳的复合饮料配比为苹果汁浓度30%、膳食纤维添加量2%、绵白糖添加量8%、柠檬酸添加量0.3%。     

磷钨酸盐催化水解三醋酸纤维素制备二醋酸纤维素研究

以玉米秸秆基三醋酸纤维素（CTA）为原料,采用自制离子液体型磷钨酸盐（ILP）为水解催化剂,提出一种绿色、高效制备二醋酸纤维素（CDA）的新工艺。考察水添加量、ILP添加量以及反应时间对水解产物取代度和质量分数的影响,并对产物理化特性及结构进行表征。结果表明,在CTA添加量为0.6g,反应温度为110℃时,CDA的最佳水解条件为：水添加量0.3g、ILP添加量0.1g,即水解液中ILP与水质量比为1∶3,原料与水解液质量比为3∶2,反应时间60min,得到的CDA取代度为2.62,质量分数为69.33%。CDA聚合度为66.54,可溶于丙酮、冰醋酸、二氯甲烷、1,4-二氧六环和二甲基亚砜。电镜结果表明CDA微观形貌呈现粗糙、分散的状态,表面破坏程度严重。红外光谱和热重分析表明CTA成功水解为CDA。以玉米秸秆为原料时,原料的质量转化率达到47.72%。     

三氯蔗糖香蕉月饼馅料的研制

以香蕉浆为主要原料,利用新型功能性高倍甜味剂三氯蔗糖代替蔗糖,制作香蕉月饼馅料。结果表明,馅料的最佳配方为:变性淀粉与香蕉浆料的质量比率2∶8时,三氯蔗糖添加量0.02%,黄原胶添加量0.2%,魔芋精粉添加量0.2%。制备出了具有浓郁香蕉香型、饼皮回油性良好、外观颜色佳、口感甜而不腻且热量低的新型香蕉月饼,贮存90 d后,三氯蔗糖代替砂糖制作的香蕉月饼比传统配方制作的砂糖香蕉月饼的酸价值低51%。      

白灵菇芦荟复合保健饮料的研制

以白灵菇和芦荟为主要原料,采用单因素试验和正交试验的方法对白灵菇芦荟复合饮料的生产工艺进行了研究。研究结果表明:白灵菇芦荟饮料的最佳配方为白灵菇与芦荟的配比1∶2、混合液所占饮料比1∶10、白砂糖添加量10%和柠檬酸添加量0.12%,此时产品综合品质最优。     

双孢菇菊花复合保健饮料的研制

以双孢菇和菊花为主要原料,采用单因素试验和正交试验的方法对双孢菇菊花复合饮料的生产工艺进行了研究。研究结果表明:双孢菇菊花饮料的最佳配方为即配比1∶2、提取液所占饮料比1∶10、白砂糖添加量10%和柠檬酸添加量0.10%,可使产品综合品质最优。     

脱胚玉米添加中温酶挤出物制取葡萄糖浆试验研究

在挤压和液化脱胚玉米时添加中温α-淀粉酶,以挤压机套筒温度、挤压原料中温α-淀粉酶添加量、液化时中温α-淀粉酶添加量、液化时间、糖化酶添加量为挤压-糖化系统参数,采用五因素五水平(1/2实施)二次正交旋转组合试验设计,研究系统参数对DE值、过滤速度和糖液化透射比的影响规律.在较优挤压-糖化系统参数下,挤压添加中温α-淀粉酶脱胚玉米制得糖化液的DE值为96.8%、过滤速度为483.6 L/(m2·h)、透射比为94.0%;未挤压脱胚玉米对照试验的DE值为72.5%、过滤速度为20.2 L/(m2·h)、透射比为90.5%.     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

车用发动机润滑油失效规律与更换周期研究

研究在正常使用条件下１０Ｗ／３０－ＱＣ级润滑油用于某型车用发动机时所表现的失效规律,确认期服从两参数Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ分布,并给出分布的尺度参数η和形状参数ｍ之最佳线性无偏估计（ＢＬＵＥ）同时,还为定量分析,计算车用发动机润滑油的使用可靠性和合理确定其更换周期提供了一套可供借鉴的方法,并给出了具体的计算实例。     

农村剩余劳动力就业问题的探讨

论述了我国农村剩余劳动力就业的意义,并针对我国农村剩余劳动力的现状,提出多渠道促进农村剩余劳动力就业的途径和办法。     

乡（镇）农业技术推广体系存在的问题及对策

乡（镇）农技推广体系是农业发展的关键。介绍朝阳市农业技术推广体系的现状,针对目前体制及运行机制、服务手段等方面存在的问题,提出适合朝阳市乡（镇）农技推广体系改革与发展的对策,以期对全省农技推广体系改革和发展起到一些借鉴作用。     

草莓的采收与贮藏

草莓果味酸甜爽口,营养价值高,为人们所喜爱的应市鲜果之一。由于草莓易受损伤和微生物侵染,因此其采收、贮藏过程极为重要。介绍草莓采收过程中的注意事项以及11种贮藏保鲜技术的实施步骤和操作方法,推介9种加工方式,为草莓产业化提供技术支持。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。