三维建模技术在家畜器官建模中的应用

家畜解剖学是一门形态学课程,实践性强是本课的特点,理论授课与实验和实践相结合才能达到较好的教学效果。在教学中为了补充家畜标本的不足,我们采用三维建模技术建立家畜的三维模型,通过三维模型展示家畜器官的结构,不仅能提高学生学习的积极性,还能加深其对器官结构的理解程度,激发学习的兴趣。本文分析了家畜器官建模的方式及其优缺点。     

三维矿区模型实现矿业权动态监管

三维矿区模型的建立,对矿业权管理和地质灾害预警治理极大地提高了效率。矿区中建立模型是为了更直观地表达矿区深部与矿山工程设施的空间位置关系,方便矿山开发。矿区三维模型的建立,具有直观性、动态性的特点,同时也满足了管理部门动态监管的要求。     

牦牛内脏器官原位整体塑化标本三维建模与可视化的研究

目的：研究基于结构光三维扫描技术制作牦牛内脏器官原位整体塑化标本的可视化三维模型方法。方法：利用生物塑化技术制作牦牛的内脏器官原位整体塑化标本,再利用结构光三维扫描技术构建出塑化后的牦牛内脏器官原位整体的彩色数字三维模型,然后构建基于互联网的webvr系统,实现虚拟数字标本的可视化展示等流程,完成牦牛内脏器官原位整体塑化标本的三维建模与可视化展示。结果：基于生物塑化技术和结构光三维扫描技术构建出来的可视化三维牦牛内脏器官原位整体塑化标本模型,能真实再现牦牛的全身各部位的肌肉层次结构和内脏的形态及位置毗邻关系,精度高、清晰度好,可以任意角度旋转和缩放,能更好地辅助教学、科研和科普等工作,为后续建立其他大型动物标本的三维数字化模型积累经验。     

动物肠类器官培养技术

类器官被定义为三维(three-dimensional, 3D)多细胞体外自组装组织结构，在细胞类型、结构和功能方面能模拟还原相应的体内器官，具有明显的组织特异性，可作为新型体外模型。随着技术的发展，肠类器官已被应用于器官发育、器官功能、器官修复与移植、疾病诊断和药物筛选等多个研究领域。目前除了小鼠肠类器官外，关于其他种属动物肠类器官培养的研究较少。但在临床中，其他动物，特别是家畜动物仍存在多种传染性或非传染性的肠道疾病，亟待新型的体外模型用于揭示致病机理或开发新的治疗方案。为此，本文对近十年动物肠类器官培养的研究进展进行综述，总结了动物肠类器官培养的优、缺点并对动物肠类器官培养进行了小结与展望，以期为动物肠类器官的培养提供参考。     

三维激光扫描在核电维修中的应用

以核电厂反应堆一回路主设备稳压器为对象,将三维激光扫描应用于放射性环境下核岛内维修现场环境的测绘。确定了稳压器三维激光扫描方法及三维模型建立原则,并对建立的三维模型进行了准确性分析,将三维模型结果应用于核电维修工作中。     

三维数字景观建模在城市规划中的主要方法分析

三维数字景观的建模是城市三维地理信息系统建设的重要内容，文章对地形模型、植物模型和其他景观模型建立的主要方法进行了分析。     

航空发动机三维工作演示系统设计

本文介绍了利用三维建模软件建立涡扇发动机模型的方法 ,使用旋转、复制、平移等指令,安照发动机结构图纸或照片构建发动机三维模型。通过编程调用发动机三维模型,实现了涡扇发动机三维视景仿真程序,同时在前台对话框显示发动机动态模型输出的发动机工作参数。在发动机模型中预留特效贴图并通过程序的灵活调用,对发动机内部的气流特效和燃烧室与加力燃烧室的燃烧特效提出了新的实现方法。     

不同来源长白猪生长肥育期生长规律的研究

生长曲线可以用来对动物体重或组织器官等增重过程进行动态的描述和分析,是研究动物生长发育规律的主要方法之一[1]。在养猪生产和育种中,通过生长曲线的分析来评定增重性状,也可测定猪在实际生产条件下的营养需要量并建立饲喂方案。目前,常用的生长曲线模型有Logistic模型、Co     

动物生物化学网络教学平台的应用

动物生物化学是高等农业院校的重要基础课程,互联网技术的迅速发展和网络的普及,为利用网络资源丰富动物生物化学的教学手段和教学内容、提高教学效果提供了平台。文章介绍了动物生物化学网络教学平台的建设情况,以及借助该平台在教学中开展三维式教学模式的实践与应用,指出了网络平台在开发和应用中存在的问题和今后改革的方向。     

动物检疫中常见肝脏病变

肝脏具有消化、解毒、合成、免疫、贮藏等功能,是动物机体一类组织器官.当动物发生疫病时,肝脏会受到不同程度的损害,表现出不同的病变,是疫病诊断的重要依据,也是动物宰后检疫中必检器官.下面结合自己的实际工作,谈谈大中动物检疫中常见的几种肝脏病理变化以及处理措施:     

三维基因组学概述及其在农业生物育种方面的研究进展

真核细胞中染色质以不同层次的三维结构有序的折叠在细胞核中,其空间层次结构对基因的表达调控和细胞发挥正常的生理功能都起着重要的作用,在动物育种方面具有很大潜力,但尚未被完全探索。本文介绍三维基因组的结构单元(染色质疆域、A/B 区室、拓扑关联结构域和染色质环)以及研究三维基因组的主要技术,对三维基因组学在农业中的研究进展和应用前景进行了探讨,旨在深入了解三维基因组学的功能和应用前景,以期为生物育种改良提供部分帮助。     

Tolerance evaluation of overdosed dietary levels of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 in growing piglets

Forty‐eight, cross‐bred (GL × LW × P) piglets were used in a 42‐day tolerance trial to assess the effects of feeding diets supplemented with vitamin D or increasing levels of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D₃ (25‐OH‐D₃). Six‐week‐old piglets (24 castrate males, 24 females) were used. Two replicate groups of 6 piglets were randomized by weight and allocated to four dietary treatments. The control group (T1) was supplemented with 50 μg vitamin D₃/kg feed. The experimental groups received 25‐OH‐D₃ at the recommended dose (T2: 50 μg/kg = 1x), at 250 μg/kg (T3: 5x) or at 500 μg/kg (T4: 10x) respectively. Feed intake and daily weight gain were measured weekly, and the animals were examined by a veterinarian daily. After 42 days, body mass, blood, urine, bone and tissue samples were analysed and a pathology examination conducted. Dietary treatments had no significant effect on final body mass or daily weight gain. The 25‐OH‐D₃ plasma concentration in T1 was 17 ± 3 ng/ml (mean ± SD) while the respective values of the experimental groups were significantly increased in T2, T3 and T4. Tissue concentrations of 25‐OH‐D₃ were higher in liver and muscle for T3 and T4 and in skin for T4 than in T1. However, neither gross pathology nor histology, nor blood and urine characteristics, nor bone parameters were affected by dietary treatments. Weight of organs as well as dry matter, ash and calcium content of kidneys remained unaffected by dietary 25‐OH‐D₃ intake. Furthermore, no changes were observed for general indicators of health. The results of this study demonstrated that feeding piglets with 25‐OH‐D₃ at 5 or 10 times the recommended level had no adverse effects on any of the biological parameters measured. It was concluded that 25‐OH‐D₃ can be regarded as a supplement with a very high safety margin when used at the recommended level.     

Clodronate treatment of vitamin D-induced hypercalcemia in dogs

Objective: To determine the effects of clodronate on vitamin D₃‐induced hypercalcemia in dogs. Design: Prospective experimental study. Settings: University research laboratory. Animals: Fourteen healthy intact adult male and female mixed breed dogs. Interventions: Dogs received 7.5 mg of vitamin D₃/kg of body weight once orally and were randomly assigned to 2 groups of 7 dogs each. Dogs in the saline control group were given intravenous infusions of 150 mL 0.9% NaCl solution 24 hours after vitamin D₃ administration. Dogs in the clodronate group were given an infusion of 4 mg/kg of clodronate in 150 mL 0.9% NaCl solution 24 hours after vitamin D₃ administration. Measurements and main results: Clinical signs of vitamin D₃ toxicosis were evaluated 48 hours after ingestion of vitamin D₃. Dogs that were given clodronate had significantly lower serum calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), urea, and Ca × P values than dogs in the control group on days 4, 7, and 12 after administration. Additionally, alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly lower in the clodronate group compared with dogs in the control group on days 4 and 7. Conclusions: Parenteral administration of clodronate, a biphosphonate compound and osteoclastic activity inhibitor, may be a useful therapy when administered within the first 24 hours after ingestion of toxic doses of vitamin D₃.     

INVITED REVIEW‐APPLICATIONS FOR 3D PRINTERS IN VETERINARY MEDICINE

Recent technological advances in 3D printing have resulted in increased use of this technology in human medicine, and decreasing cost is making it more affordable for veterinary use. Rapid prototyping is at its early stage in veterinary medicine but clinical, educational, and experimental possibilities exist. Techniques and applications, both current and future, are explored and illustrated in this article.     

2种三点金草对铝盐毒害忍耐的初步研究

研究三点金Desmodium triflorum的耐铝能力对开发优秀的草坪地被植物有一定的重要性,研究表明,2种三点金草对Al3 有一定的耐受性,低铝浓度(20 mg/kg)对三点金草幼苗和成苗生长都有一定促进作用,但较高铝浓度(40 mg/kg)均会阻碍两者根系生长,使其侧根、根干质量和根冠比都有明显减少.在幼苗期,大叶三点金根系对Al3 有较高程度的耐性,但当两者再生长30 d后,小叶三点金对铝盐的耐受能力增强,相反大叶三点金则有所下降.     

基于Unity3d的桂林七星公园全景导航系统

信息可视化技术的使用已经在生活中获得广泛的使用,并且已经在用户中获得了广泛的使用,而将信息可视化技术与三维建模技术结合是近几年来一个新的突破点。本文将介绍如何基于桂林七星公园数字化,并且如何移植到相关移动平台上。该系统主要基于Unity3d平台搭建,结合3dsmax建模技术和使用Ecplips作为开发环境开发的Android技术建立一个方便用户快捷、高速的可视化旅游景区的全景导航系统。     

Effects of 25‐hydroxy‐cholecalciferol on the development of osteochondrosis in swine

The principal objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of 25‐hydroxy‐cholecalciferol (25‐OH‐D₃) on the development of osteochondrosis in 6‐ to 110‐kg castrated male pigs. The growth rate and serum calcium and inorganic phosphate levels neither increased nor decreased in response to supplementation of 25‐OH‐D₃. However, supplemental 25‐OH‐D₃ significantly increased serum levels of 25‐OH‐D₃ and 1α,25‐hydroxy‐cholecalciferol without any influence on bone mineral density. The 25‐OH‐D₃‐treated group had significant (P < 0.05) reduced incidence of osteochondrotic lesions compared to the control group as evidenced by macroscopically examining the articular cartilage of the distal humerus (32.4% vs. 59.3%) and distal femur (47.1% vs. 87.5%). Likewise, supplemental 25‐OH‐D₃ significantly reduced osteochondrotic lesions over the control when histologically examining humerus (20.6% vs. 43.8%) and femur (52.9% vs. 87.5%). The results of this experiment suggested that 25‐OH‐D₃ supplementation in pig diets had a tendency to promote normal endochondral ossification, inhibit osteochondrosis progression and possibly regenerate destroyed cartilage tissue.     

维生素D的免疫功能

维生素D是动物所必需的营养素,除对钙和骨代谢具有重要影响外,对免疫系统也有重要作用。1,25(OH)2维生素D3是维生素D的活性形式,1,25(OH)2维生素D3的生物学效应是由维生素D3受体(VDR)介导的。淋巴细胞、单核细胞、巨噬细胞等免疫细胞都有VDR的表达,这表明,维生素D对免疫系统功能有重要调节作用。     

口蹄疫病毒3D蛋白促进TLR3介导的Ⅰ型干扰素产生

口蹄疫是由口蹄疫病毒（FMDV）引起的急性、热性、高度接触性传染病。口蹄疫病毒感染宿主引起一系列严重的炎症反应，而TLR3通路是介导细胞炎性反应的主要途径之一。为研究口蹄疫病毒蛋白对TLR3通路的影响，本研究首先用双荧光素酶报告系统筛选影响TLR3通路的FMDV蛋白；接着用Q-PCR试验验证筛出来的候选蛋白对TLR3通路下游基因表达水平的影响；并用免疫共沉淀试验验证与候选蛋白有相互作用的TLR3通路蛋白；最后用Western blot试验检测候选蛋白对TLR3通路下游分子磷酸化水平的影响。双荧光素酶报告系统结果显示，口蹄疫病毒3D蛋白促进TLR3通路介导的Ⅰ型干扰素的产生并呈剂量依赖性，Q-PCR试验表明，3D能够促进TLR3通路下游基因表达水平；免疫共沉淀试验表明，FMDV 3D与TLR3有相互作用；Western blot试验进一步显示，过表达3D能够促进TLR3下游分子的磷酸化水平。综上，口蹄疫病毒3D蛋白能促进TLR3介导的Ⅰ型干扰素的产生，从而调控天然免疫反应。