扦插育苗——育苗基础知识讲座之(六)

扦插育苗是树木营养繁殖的一种主要方法。其它方法尚有压条、分蘖、嫁接等,主要用于果树和观赏树木的繁殖。 扦插培育的苗木生长快,能提早成熟、成材,育苗技术简单易行,因此生产上广为应用。特别是用种子繁殖困难的树种,扦插育苗常成为最主要的人工繁殖方法。 扦插育苗是利用树木再生能力的繁殖方法。把树木枝、茎剪成一定长度的插穗,插入土中,在水分、温度、通气等条件适宜时,插穗下部就会生出根,上部的芽就会萌发生成枝、叶,并逐渐形成一株完整的插条苗。 插条繁殖根据枝条的成熟程度分为硬枝扦播和嫩枝扦播。前者用完全木质化的硬枝做插穗,后者用未完全木质化的当年生新枝做插穗。林业生产实践中多用硬枝扦播。     

树木半硬枝插条应用研究

为了提高树木特别是插条难生根树种的扦插成活率,作者利用树木半硬枝插条,进行了不同采条期、不同促根设施及枝条环剥等项对比试验。结果表明:在树木枝条半硬化期采条,利用遮荫阳畦促根,能解决许多树种硬枝插条难生根的问题。半硬枝插条配合环剥处理和激素处理,可以显著地提高插条生根率。     

香花槐无性繁殖技术

香花槐不结种子,可进行埋根繁殖、枝条扦插、组织培养无性繁殖。通过埋根繁殖成活率可达95%以上;枝条扦插繁殖需采取措施处理插条,促其生根;通过组织培养,筛选出适宜的培养基,可快速大量繁殖出整齐一致的香花槐苗,成活率可达96%。     

造林苗条的采集和假植

杨柳树等树种用无性繁殖方法进行插条造林前,要准备好插条。插条主要来源于苗圃培育的1—3年生健壮苗条。若苗圃内的苗条不足,也可以从树木上采集。在树木上采条,要选择适宜本地生长的优良乡土树木,且没有病虫害、发枝旺盛的幼条和根蘖苗条。粗1.5—2厘米,剪掉基部老化部分和梢头细弱部分。     

林木种子在成熟、貯藏时的生理过程

一、引言林木在自然条件下,一般是进行有性繁殖。但在林业实践中,有些树种,如杨、柳类,多用无性繁殖,即用插条繁殖.有性繁殖时,种子(胚)具有两个亲本的基因,因此用种子进行森林更新时,要考虑种子的遗传特性,全面了解树木整个繁殖过程是林     

树木微繁技术中存在的问题及其解决途径

利用组织培养中的微繁技术对珍贵树种进行扩大繁殖,能保持母株的优良性状,速度快,质量好,因此倍受重视。这一方法,尤其适合于那些用种子繁殖容易发生变异而无性繁殖又十分困难的树种。近年来,树木的微繁取     

刺槐等六树种插条育苗技术的研究

插条繁殖的树木后代变异性小,能保持母本的优良特性,可提早开花结实,苗木生长迅速整齐,同时方法简便、省工、成本较低。故此技术在生产中被广泛应用。不过,目前刺槐等树种的插条育苗技术还比较复杂,且成活率不很稳定。要解决这一问题,必须先找出影响插条成活的主导因素,才能进一步探讨更好的插条育苗技术。为此,我们选择了容易生根和较难生根的六个树种进行对比试验,从各试     

刺槐—人工育林速生树种

1982年第二期苏联《林业文摘》援引《联合国林业杂志》刊登的材料,介绍了匈牙利栽培刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia—k)的情况。在匈牙利三十年的刺槐林中可以采集到770公斤种子,供生产种苗用,此外,还可以插条繁殖。接近四十年的刺槐人工林每公顷实际获得350根直径32厘米的干材,拥有材积400立方米/公顷。头十年的生长在乔林作业情况下每年9立方米/公顷,在矮林作业的情况下为7立方米/公顷。1975年匈牙利采伐31.4     

猕猴桃栽培技术简答(续)

4.怎样繁殖猕猴桃苗木?生产中常用的繁殖方法有哪些? 猕猴桃苗木的繁殖方法分有性繁殖和无性繁殖两种,有性繁殖是指播种育苗,无性繁殖包括嫁接、扦插、压条、埋根及组织培养等多种方法。目前,生产中常用的繁殖方法是播种育苗和嫁接繁殖。 5.播种育苗的主要环节有哪些?如何做好播种育苗? 要获得优质、健壮的合格猕猴桃苗木必须抓好种子采集、层积沙藏、细致整地、精细播种以及科学管理等几个主要生产环节,其具体操作方法是: (1)种子采集与处理:选择生长健壮、无     

林木组织培养的现状与展望

<正> 一、林木组织培养的意义林木组织培养是将林木的一部分组织或器官从整体中割离下来,在人工无菌环境中进行培养,以达到各种不同目标。人们将林木组织培养作为树木改良的一种手段。用组织培养技术快速繁殖优良个体,是为植树造林提供大量优质苗木的一个好方法。根据印度学者(Gupta等,1980)在柚木(Tectona grandis)组织培养研究中所得的结果看,柚木组培苗的根系比一般插条苗根系要好,这种苗木的根颈处像实生苗一样的没有伤口,因此不易罹病,而柚木的插     

Propagation methods for black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) improvement in Hungary

Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is one of the most important stand-forming tree species in Hungary and its importance is increasing in many countries. Black locust plants are commonly produced by two methods, by seed and by root cuttings. Tissue culture propagation can be considered as a relatively new method. Growing trees from seed is a relatively simple method for reliably producing seedlings on a large scale under a variety of circumstances. Mechanization of the method is easy and the production cost is relatively low. Propagation from root cuttings and tissue culture are valuable for reproduction of superior individuals or varieties. By applying these methods, superior traits of the selected trees can be preserved in the clones. Recent experiments demonstrated that micropropagated trees could be successfully transplanted into soil, hardened and grown in the field. Biography: Karoly Redei (1952), male, doctor, deputy director general of Hungarian Forest Research Institute H-1023 Budapest, Frankel Leó Str. 42 44, HUNGARY. Responsible editor: Chal Ruihai     

Early evaluation of micropropagated black locust （Robinia pseudoacacia L.） clones in Hungary

In Hungary, black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is one of the most important exotic species, forming entire stands. Its importance is increasing in many other countries. As a result of a new selection program eight black locust clones have been improved for establishing clone trials and a seed orchard. In this study juvenile growth and stem quality of micropropagated clones of black locust were evaluated on a marginal site in central Hungary. At ten years old, the clones ’MB17D3/4’ and ’PV201E2/4’ appeared to be especially promising for high quality wood production under arid hydrological conditions. A tissue culture method can be considered a suitable tool of propagating superior individual trees and offers new prospects for the rapid cloning of selected genotypes.     

Black locust (Robinia pseudoacada L.) clonal seed orchards in Hungary

Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is one of the most important stand-forming tree species in Hungary and its importance is increasing in many countries. The main aim of the discussed new selection programme is to identify black locust clones with good performance and good form for setting up clonal seed orchards. As a result of selection programme 16 new black locust clones have been improved. In spring 2002 a black locust seed orchard was established with the newly selected clones. About 40% of the plants can be considered to belong to the height growth rate class 1 and 2. Hungary was the first country where micropropagated black locust planting material was used for seed orchard establishment.     

Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) clonal seed orchards in Hungary

Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is one of the most important stand-forming tree species in Hungary and its importance is increasing in many countries. The main aim of the discussed new selection programme is to identify black locust clones with good performance and good form for setting up clonal seed orchards. As a result of selection programme 16 new black locust clones have been improved. In spring 2002 a black locust seed orchard was established with the newly selected clones. About 40% of the plants can be considered to belong to the height growth rate class 1 and 2. Hungary was the first country where micropropagated black locust planting material was used for seed orchard establishment.     

KEY MEASURES FOR ESTABLISHING THE FAST-GROWING AND HIGH-YIELD LARCH PLANTATIONS

Larchisoneofthemainspeciesforfast-growingandhigh-yieldplantationsinNortheastChina,especialIyLarixolgensisHerry-ItsmeanannualincrementcanevenreachlO.l-lO.6m3/hm2intheear1y3OyearsinrelativecoldYichunRegion.P1ant-ingfast-growingandhigh-yieldplanta-honsrequirehighqua1itysite.Buttherearetoolittlehighqualitysitetosatisfythede-mandoffast-growingandhigh-yieldplantationsinforestregionsofNortheastChina.MostoftheplantationshavetobeplantedonstublandofformerLarchplan-tations,Thus,#theeffectsofsecondr…     

Eight hundred years of clonal forestry in China: II. mass production of rooted cuttings of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.)

Since 1986 a novel type of shoot orchard has been under development. Lower portions of the donor stems are buried horizontally in the soil and cuttings are taken from shoots that arise from them. This process apparently rejuvenates, so that mature trees of various ages can be propagated vegetatively. Seedlings of superior provenances, open-pollinated, and control-pollinated families, stump sprouts and upper branches of plus trees were used to establish the orchard, which contains about 40,000 donors and occupies 1.3 ha. Cuttings produced in this orchard can be rooted to about 85% success without hormones or shading. This shoot orchard provides more planting stock, and provides it five to six years earlier, than a seed orchard. The height and root-collar diameter of the rooted cuttings are greater than those of seedlings at outplant, and production costs are 15–20% lower than those associated with seedling production. Test plantations demonstrated that four-year height and diameter of cuttings and genetically similar seedlings are equivalent. This paper reports the details of this orchard, and summarizes other work on propagation and storage of Chinese fir cuttings.     

Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) clonal seed orchards in Hungary

Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is one of the most important stand-forming tree species in Hungary and its importance is increasing in many countries. The main aim of the discussed new selection programme is to identify black locust clones with good performance and good form for setting up clonal seed orchards. As a result of selection programme 16 new black locust clones have been improved. In spring 2002 a black locust seed orchard was established with the newly selected clones. About 40% of the plants can be considered to belong to the height growth rate class 1 and 2. Hungary was the first country where micropropagated black locust planting material was used for seed orchard establishment.     

Softwood cuttings for propagation of red alder

Tests were conducted to assess rootability of red alder softwood cuttings from shoots of young trees and epicormic sprouts of mature individuals. Ortets were 3 to 34 years old, and treatments with and without indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) were compared. The extent of rooting and root vigor on the cuttings varied greatly among ortets and treatments. Among nonterminal cuttings, the best overall rooting success, with and without IBA, was obtained with cuttings of the youngest ortet. Average rooting of terminal and nonterminal cuttings of one clone were 100% and 64%, respectively. Although cuttings of some trees rooted well without IBA, the IBA treatment appeared to be generally beneficial. For all nonterminal cuttings of all clones, best results (80.0%/x) were obtained with a 10-sec dip in 2,000 or 4,000 ppm IBA. Vigorous planting stock was obtained from the rooted cuttings of all clones. Using epicormic sprouts from mature trees of proven performance will presumably allow propagation of superior trees and establishment of new plantations with improved stock.     

毛白杨,刺槐混交林丰产机理研究

用标准地法对黄泛平原毛白杨、刺槐纯林和混交林根分泌物、土壤微生物、土壤养分及其与林木生长的关系进行了研究,结果表明:1、混交林根际土壤总菌数高于纯林,混交林和纯林根际细菌、放线菌和总菌数高于根外,F 检验达极显著和显著水平。2、混交林毛白杨、刺槐根泌氨基酸和酚量高于纯林毛白杨和刺槐,可溶性糖和有机酸量则低于纯林毛白杨和刺槐。3、不同林分根际、根外土壤养分有明显变化。土壤速效磷含量在不同林分和根际、根外的差异均达极显著水平。树种(?)交后所表现的生长优势己证实是由于毛白杨、刺槐根间有益的交互作用及土壤微生物模式的变化所引起。     

Maturation, topophysis and other factors in relation to rooting in Larix

We examined effects of mist quantity, topophysis (origin of cutting in the crown of 6-year-old trees), maturation state of the donor stock, and time of sticking on rooting and root system quality of cuttings representing five full-sib hybrid larch families obtained with Larix decidua Mill., L. laricina (du Roi) K. Koch, and L. kaempferi (Lamb.) Sarg. (Sieb. and Zucc.) Gord., as parents. Mist frequency, supplemental watering and family all had highly significant effects on percentage of cuttings rooting and root system quality. The high-frequency misting regime yielded both higher rooting percentages and higher quality root systems than the low-frequency regime without supplemental watering. Supplemental watering of the rooting medium in the low-frequency misting regime increased both percent rooting and root system quality to values comparable with those obtained by cuttings in the high-frequency misting regime. Rooting of cuttings from the top, middle and bottom whorls of 5-year-old plantation grown trees tended to decline with increasing height for three of the five families. Overall, height of cutting origin did not significantly affect rooting, but when analyzed separately, two families exhibited a significant decline in rooting toward the top of the trees. Age of donor ortet (ranging from 1 to 7 years) significantly affected both percent rooting and root system quality. Rooting percentages declined linearly with age, and root system quality declined more sharply than percent rooting. The relatively poor root system quality of cuttings from ortets older than 1 year was closely associated with plagiotropic growth. Softwood cuttings (stuck in mid-July) rooted better than hardwood cuttings (stuck in early September) across all families.