防治兔球虫病需慎用马杜拉霉素

防治兔球虫病需慎用马杜拉霉素马杜拉霉素（铵盐）是聚醚类离子载体型抗生素中效力最强的抗球虫抗生素，因其用量少，疗效高，目前在养鸡业上广泛应用。近期，我市连续发生多起用马杜拉霉素防治兔球虫病引起家兔急性中毒的病例，发病急，死亡率高，经济损失严重。病例一：...     

疑似家兔马杜拉霉素中毒病例

疑似家兔马杜拉霉素中毒病例赵国平王海涛王传清（山东省畜牧兽医总站，济南２５００２２）１９９５年８月７日至９月７日，我们先后收诊家兔以瘫痪、急性死亡为特征的病例，经病因调查、临诊症状、剖检及实验室检查，疑为马杜拉霉素中毒，报告如下。１发病情况鄄城董口镇...     

獭兔的马杜拉霉素中毒

近年来，我国养兔业迅猛发展，使用马杜拉霉素防治家兔球虫病导致中毒死亡的病例，现报道如下：     

肉仔鸡马杜拉霉素中毒的诊治

1 发病情况 2004年11月18日，某养鸡户在饲喂拌有抗球王(主要成分马杜拉霉素)饲料，2d后，鸡群出现精神不振，瘫痪直至35只死亡的病例；12月3日另一养鸡户饲喂正大肉鸡饲料(其料中拌有马杜拉霉素)，个别鸡拉血便，因此，又在饲料中加入马杜拉霉素治疗球虫，第2d一部分鸡只出现精神不振，死亡20余只。通过对流行病学，临床症状，病理剖检，细菌学检验及治疗效果等项综合分析，可确诊两养鸡户的鸡发病，死亡的原因为马杜拉霉素中毒。     

雏鸡马杜拉霉素中毒的诊治

马杜拉霉素是一种广谱抗球虫药，在鸡、兔的球虫病预防和治疗过程中应用广泛，但是用量切勿随意增大。马杜拉霉素的使用标准是5ppm，即1t饲料添加纯品马杜拉霉素5g。且马杜拉霉素没有预防量和治疗量之分。若马杜拉霉素使用量超过6．5ppm就不再安全．所以马杜拉霉素中毒现象时有发生。河北被省阜城县古城镇大魏庄某养鸡户饲养海兰灰商品蛋鸡1000羽，在40日龄时，用50ppm以上浓度的马杜拉霉素给鸡饮水投药，用药第2d出现严重中毒现象。现将诊治过程报告如下。     

猪马杜拉霉素中毒

猪马杜拉霉素中毒郑增义（山东省蓬莱市刘家沟镇畜牧兽医工作站，２６５６０８）１发病情况１９９６年７月１３日我区某养殖场，用马杜拉霉素在饲料中添加量为５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ，以精粗料的比例为８∶２混合喂２６头商品肉猪，１４日发现全群发病，唯有本场１头泌乳母猪及１...     

雏鸡马杜拉霉素中毒的诊治

马杜拉霉素是一种广谱抗球虫药,在鸡、兔的球虫病预防和治疗过程中应用广泛,但是用量切勿随意增大。马杜拉霉素的使用标准是5ppm,即1t饲料添加纯品马杜拉霉素5g。且马杜拉霉素没有预防量和治疗量之分。若马杜拉霉素使用量超过6.5ppm就不再安全,所以马杜拉霉素中毒现象时有发生。河北被省阜城县古城镇大魏庄某养鸡户饲养海兰灰商品蛋鸡1000羽,在40日龄时,用50ppm以上浓度的马杜拉霉素给鸡饮水投药,用药第2d出现严重中毒现象。现将诊治过程报告如下。1发病情况2005年2月18目该养鸡户突然有2只雏鸡死亡,自行解剖认为鸡得了球虫病,就近在兽药门…     

家兔五种常见中毒症的快速安全诊治

家兔中毒的原因大多是由于用药不当,误食有毒植物或霉变变质饲料而引起。以下介绍几种常见家兔中毒病的诊断和治疗方法。1马杜拉霉素中毒     

肉仔鸡马杜拉霉素中毒的诊治

曲阜市息陬乡某个体户饲养的AA肉用仔鸡因超量使用马杜拉霉素而引起急性中毒。由于发现及时，治疗措施得当，病情很快得到控制。1发病情况该户饲养AA肉用仔鸡多年，虽然饲养规模不大，但是坚持常年饲养．1998年12月10旧购入肉雏鸡500只。以往都是用自己配制的饲料喂养，而这次改用某饲料厂5％的浓缩料饲喂。该厂为方便群众，在浓缩料中加入了抗球虫药马杜拉霉素，并在外包装上注明已添加马杜拉霉素，用户在使用时不要再加马杜拉霉素的字样。当鸡30多日龄时，由于管理不善，饲料中虽加入抗球虫药物，仍爆发了球虫病。按以往经验，该户在兽…     

獭兔马杜拉霉素中毒的诊疗

獭兔马杜拉霉素中毒的诊疗孙科业刘天成仇长政（山东省章丘市畜牧兽医工作站，章丘２５０２００）１发病情况我市枣园镇一兔场饲养的１１８只６０日龄左右的獭兔，用马杜拉霉素每千克全价饲料１０ｍｇ的添加量预防球虫病，每日饲喂２次，连喂了３次，于１９９７年７月１５...     

复方尼卡巴嗪、马杜霉素铵对鸡艾美耳球虫临床防治效果初探

试验表明,推荐量的复方尼卡巴嗪（125mg／kg）、马杜霉素铵（5mg／kg）对E．tenella GD珠球虫抗球虫指数为194．1,对6个E．tenella 田间分离株抗球虫指数都在170以上,其抗球虫指数优于单方的尼卡巴嗪及马杜霉素组,尤其对耐药虫株。     

Efficacy of maduramicin against ionophore-tolerant field isolates of coccidia in broilers

Maduramicin ammonium was given at 2.5-8 ppm in the feed to broilers experimentally infected with coccidia recently isolated from broiler farms where ionophores had been used for several years. Infection pressure varied from mild to severe in five trials: mortality in unmedicated controls ranged from 0 to 59%, intestinal lesion scores were high, and weight gain was depressed by the infections. The cultures of Eimeria were partly resistant to ionophores: birds medicated with monensin at 100-121 ppm had only modest reductions in lesion scores and incomplete protection against weight loss or mortality. Control of infections by maduramicin was significant at 4 ppm but best at 5-7 ppm. Maduramicin was more effective than monensin or narasin, but about the same as salinomycin, in reducing lesions and mortality and in protecting performance. Maduramicin was well tolerated within the dose range of 5-7 ppm.     

安徽3个地区柔嫩艾美耳球虫对6种药物的抗药性

目的检测三株柔嫩艾美耳球虫对六种药物的耐药性,为防治球虫病制定临床用药方案提供依据。方法鸡体实验法检测巢湖、六安、肥东三株柔嫩艾美耳球虫对马杜拉霉素、盐霉素、莫能菌素、磺胺喹嗯啉钠、地克珠利、妥曲珠利的耐药性,以抗球虫指数（ACI）、病变记分减少率（RLS）、相对盲肠卵囊产量（ROP）和最适抗球虫活性百分率（POAA）四项指标综合判定。结果巢湖株对地克珠利,盐霉素与莫能菌素轻度耐药,对马杜拉霉素中度耐药,对托曲株利和磺胺喹嗯啉钠重度耐药,六安株对地克株利与托曲株利重度耐药,对磺胺喹嗯啉钠中度耐药,对盐霉素轻度耐药,对马杜霉素敏感,肥东株对磺胺喹嗯啉钠完全耐药,对莫能菌素重度耐药,对马杜霉素与盐霉素轻度耐药,对地克珠利与托曲珠利中度耐药。结论3个地区的柔嫩艾美耳球虫对供试药物已产生不同程度的耐药性。     

柔嫩艾美耳球虫YL株抗药性研究

用柔嫩艾美耳球虫杨凌株 ( YL t)对 1 4日龄雏鸡进行感染 ,检测了该虫株对 4种常用抗球虫药 (马杜拉霉素、地克珠利、克球粉和氯苯胍 )的敏感性。以最适抗球虫活性百分率、抗球虫指数、相对卵囊产量和病变记分减少率为指标 ,进行综合评定 ,其抗药程度分为无抗药性、轻度抗药性、中度抗药性和完全抗药性 4个等级。结果表明 ,该虫株对马杜拉霉素有轻度抗药性 ,对地克株利有完全抗药性 ,对克球粉和氯苯胍无抗药性。     

Clinico-haematological and mineral studies on experimental maduramicin toxicity in chickens

Clinico-haematological and mineral studies were carried out in experimental chickens given maduramicin medicated feed at 5 and 10 ppm for 21 days. Maduramicin medication in both medicated groups caused growth retardation. Clinical signs namely watery diarrhoea, depression, dullness and ruffled feathers were noticed in chickens from second week of the medication at 10 ppm but this effect was seen from third week in the birds given maduramicin at 5 ppm. Maduramicin medication caused significant reduction in haemoglobin in both the medicated group from day 14 and total erythrocyte count and packed cell volume in 10 ppm group on day 21. There was an increase in MCV in 10 ppm group on day 21 indicating macrocytic anaemia and decrease in mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) in both the medicated groups indicating hypochromic anaemia. The leucopenia due to lymphopenia was observed in 10 ppm group on day 21. Maduramicin medication caused significant increase in serum Zn in 10 ppm group and decrease in Cu concentration in both the medicated groups from day 14. It is concluded that maduramicin caused toxic effects from day 14 in both the medicated groups.     

鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫西宁株的抗药性研究

使用柔嫩艾美耳球虫(Eimeria tenella)西宁株(Et XN)感染13日龄岭南黄肉鸡,进行该虫株对轻灭(地克珠利,Diclazuril)、马度米星铵预混剂(Maduramicin Aminonium Premix)、球痢灵(磺胺氯吡嗪钠,Sulfachoropyridazine)、球迪2000(盐酸氯丙啉,Amprolium Hydrochloride)4种药物的抗药性研究。以相对卵囊产量(ROP)、病变记分减少率(RLS)、最适抗球虫活性百分数(POAA)、抗球虫指数(ACI)作为指标进行综合判定。结果表明:该虫株对马度米星铵预混剂具有轻度抗药性,对球痢灵具有中度抗药性,对轻灭和球迪2000具有完全抗药性。     

五种抗球虫药对柔嫩艾美耳球虫病的预防效果对比试验

为了解聚醚类离子载体抗球虫药对柔嫩艾美耳球虫病的预防效果。我们选择了海南霉素(Hainanmycin)、马杜霉素(Maduramicin)、盐霉素(Salinomycin)、莫能霉素(Monensin)和拉沙霉素(Lasalosidum)5种抗球虫药，鸡在人工感染条件下，进行了预防对比试验。以成活率、相对增重率、抗球虫指数(ACI)等指标，进行综合判定。结果显示：海南霉素、马杜霉素、盐霉素用药组的ACI在160～180之间，分别为160．35、171．34和161．22。而莫能霉素和拉沙霉素用药组的ACI在160以下，分别为139．95和142．20。感染不用药组的ACI为100．67。说明海南霉素、马杜霉素、盐霉素对本鸡场鸡球虫株(E．tenella)具有中等抗球虫效力。而莫能霉素和拉沙霉素的抗球虫效果属于低效。     

抗兔瘟精制卵黄抗体的研制

选用免疫原性好的兔瘟抗原加工成浓缩兔瘟灭活组织疫苗,按特定的免疫程序接种健康商品鸡群,通过血凝抑制试验检测免疫鸡群血清和卵黄的兔瘟抗体效价,适时收集高免卵黄,选用特定的抗体分离提纯工艺,研制对兔瘟有预防和治疗双重作用的精制卵黄抗体。经实验室生物学检验,本品使用无刺激,作用迅速,对兔瘟早期治愈率为80%,对兔瘟紧急预防有效率为100%。     

Efficacy of maduramicin ammonium against coccidiosis in turkeys under laboratory and floor-pen conditions

Experimental infections with field isolates of Eimeria meleagrimitis, E. adenoeides, E. gallopavonis, and E. dispersa in turkey poults were used to test the efficacy of maduramicin ammonium at 2.5-10 ppm in laboratory experiments. Infection with single or mixed species of coccidia reduced the weight gain of unmedicated infected controls and caused 18.1-65% mortality in two experiments. Maduramicin ammonium given at 5-7 ppm prevented mortality, significantly reduced droppings scores and oocyst passage, and improved weight gain to near that of the unmedicated uninfected controls. Maduramicin ammonium was tested at 4-7 ppm in a floor-pen trial lasting 10 weeks. Mortality from coccidiosis averaged 11.9% in unmedicated controls, compared with 0.6% with 4 ppm of maduramicin or no mortality with 5-7 ppm. Average weight gain and feed conversion at 10 weeks were significantly improved over unmedicated infected controls when maduramicin ammonium was given at 5-7 ppm. These results suggest that maduramicin ammonium is highly efficacious against field isolates of Eimeria in turkeys, especially within the range of 5-7 ppm in the feed.     

The first reported case of rabbit hemorrhagic disease in Canada

In March 2011, rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD) was suspected in a 1-year-old male neutered lop-eared rabbit that had acute onset liver failure. Gross pathology, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, partial nucleic acid sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the major capsid protein (VP60) and animal inoculation studies all supported this diagnosis making it the first confirmed case of RHD in Canada.