西平县水库大坝白蚁治理措施

西平县水库大坝白蚁治理工作开展的相对比较早,本文总结了西平县水库大坝白蚁治理的方法,提出了加强治理的措施,对规范水库大坝白蚁治理标准、完善治理技术体系有实际意义。     

桑园害虫生态治理对策

从害虫生态治理的概念出发,依据桑园害虫生态治理的原理,提出了桑园害虫生态治理的措施,对桑园害虫的生态治理,维护生态环境具有重要指导意义。     

浅析商业银行公司结构治理

公司治理结构改革是我国商业银行股份制改革的中心环节之一。文章阐述了公司治理结构的涵义,分析了当前我国商业银行优化治理结构所存在的主要问题,最后提出了改善国有商业银行公司治理的几点政策建议。     

罗甸县畜禽养殖污染治理成效及建议

文章介绍了“十三五”时期罗甸县畜禽养殖污染的治理情况,包括养殖粪污处理情况、治理措施、治理成效,针对存在的问题提出加强治理的对策建议。     

株洲市畜禽养殖污染治理情况调研报告

为了充分掌握全市畜禽养殖污染治理状况,为进一步加强畜禽污染治理提供科学依据,我们于2013年3月中旬组织畜禽养殖污染治理情况专题调研组,采取听汇报、座谈、实地考察等形式,对株洲市畜禽养殖污染治理情况进行了调研。期间,听取了各县市畜牧部门畜禽养殖污染治理情况工作汇报,实地考察了大中小型规模养殖场24     

工业企业水污染治理对策探析

随着经济快速发展,水污染治理应该成为工业企业环保工作的重要组成部分。在得到各级部门的重视以及环保工作者的不懈努力下,水污染治理工作取得了较大成绩,全国大多数企业都配备了水污染治理设施,但由于多方面原因,水污染治理中仍存在诸多问题亟待解决。     

甘南州天然草原生态环境现状及恢复治理对策

针对甘南藏族自治州天然草原生态现状和治理情况,全面分析了该州天然草原生态环境退化原因,提出了恢复治理对策,为今后开展草原鼠害防控和沙化治理提供了参考。     

论党的治理能力现代化建设的七大要件

党的十八届三中全会提出了全面深化改革的总目标是完善和发展中国特色社会主义制度，推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化，给政界学界提出了一个重大课题。现存的治理体系和治理能力还相对落后，跟不上社会现代化的步伐。如果不解决国家治理中存在的紧迫问题，治理危机有可能转变为全面的统治危机和执政危机。化解治理危机的根本途径，就是以巨大的政治勇气，推进国家治理体系和治理能力的现代化。     

基于TM的草原沙漠化治理工程治理程度等级指标的探讨——以镶黄旗飞播造林项目为例

草原沙漠化治理工程治理等级评价指标研究就是对草原沙漠化治理工程治理程度分等定级,为科学治理、评价、合理利用和监测提供标准。以位于干旱半干旱区的内蒙古镶黄旗飞播造林项目为例,结合野外调查和遥感影像解译,以植被覆盖度为主导因素,以风蚀积沙、生物结皮和土壤发育等作为辅助性指标,确定了草原沙漠化治理工程治理程度等级指标。对评价我国草原沙漠化治理工程的成果和监测沙漠化草原动态具有指导作用。     

某铀矿地质实验室放射性污染退役治理

通过对某铀矿地质实验室长期积存的放射性副样、分析废液以及铀矿冶工艺试验中产生的放射性固体废物、废液和受污染的工作场所的治理工作,揭示了放射性治理工作开展的污染源项调查、治理工艺、治理方法、治理目的以及废弃物的最终处置去向等,使受放射性污染的工作场所经治理后达到无限制开放使用的目的。     

四川草地资源生态保护治理措施

按照草地资源的基本特征和地域分布规律将四川的草地分为高原牧区、川西南山地、盆周山区和内地,并根据4个不同区域草地生态存在的主要问题提出了不同的治理措施。     

甘孜州退化草地生态系统综合治理对策研究

介绍了甘孜州草地生态系统现状,在分析草地退化原因和危害的基础上,提出了综合治理退化草地生态系统的措施。     

人工种植沙拐枣生长发育特性及营养动态的研究

沙拐枣属蓼科沙拐枣属多年生灌木，主要分布在我国的西北地区,本文就沙拐枣人工种植后的出苗状况，生长发育特性及不同生育期营养成分变化动态等进行了研究，为我国西部大开发生态治理工程中沙拐枣的大面积推广种植提供了指导。     

互助县草地资源调查与生态环境检测

通过对互助县草地资源调查和生态环境检测,结果表明:互助县草山因超牧、鼠虫害等因素退化,其实际载畜量超出理论载畜量50.23%,提出了加强草地建设,实行依法治草等措施。     

草坪在改善城镇环境中的地位和作用

本文指出了当前城镇环境恶化的严重性，防治环境污染和气候荒漠化的重要性及紧迫性。详细阐明了草坪在绿化、美化、净化城镇环境和调节城镇气候中的地位和作用     

A proposed modulatory role of the endocannabinoid system on adipose tissue metabolism and appetite in periparturient dairy cows

To sustain the nutrient demands of rapid fetal growth, parturition, and milk synthesis, periparturient dairy cows mobilize adipose tissue fatty acid stores through lipolysis. This process induces an inflammatory response within AT that is resolved as lactation progresses; however, excessive and protracted lipolysis compounds the risk for metabolic and inflammatory diseases. The suppression of lipolytic action and inflammation, along with amplification of adipogenesis and lipogenesis, serve as prospective therapeutic targets for improving the health of periparturient dairy cows. Generally, the activation of cannabinoid receptors by endocannabinoids enhances adipogenesis and lipogenesis, suppresses lipolysis, and increases appetite in mammals. These biological effects of activating the endocannabinoid system open the possibility of harnessing the endocannabinoid system through nutritional intervention in dairy herds as a potential tool to improve dairy cows' health, although much is still to be revealed in this context. This review summarizes the current knowledge surrounding the components of the endocannabinoid system, elaborates on the metabolic effects of its activation, and explores the potential to modulate its activity in periparturient dairy cows.     

Ventricular Arrhythmias during Race Recovery in Standardbred Racehorses and Associations with Autonomic Activity

Background: A lack of information on normal heart rhythm at maximal effort hampers investigation of poor performance and sudden death in Standardbred racing. Hypothesis/Objective: To characterize rhythm variations during scheduled racing in clinically normal Standardbred horses. Animals: Two hundred and eighty‐eight Standardbred horses competing in 40 scheduled races at a Southern Ontario racetrack. Methods: Observational study, convenience sampling: Heart rhythm was monitored by ECG from harnessing to postrace recovery and assessed visually and by examining heart rate intervals. Rhythm variations were used as response variables in multivariate analysis of race records detailing signalment, race, and race outcome. Results: Monitoring involved 345 individual horse or race events. Occasional, isolated premature cycles, only, occurred during the race. Postrace, sudden cardiac slowing (punctuated deceleration [PD]) appeared in 42 events (12.2%). Only premature ventricular complexes were exhibited in 40 events postrace (11.6%), whereas 55 (15.9%) exhibited complex ventricular arrhythmias (CVA) including torsades‐like polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, 34.5% of these being closely associated with PD (odds ratio = 8). Predispositions to CVA were found for horses parked at the 1/2 mile (odds ratio = 3), and trotters breaking in the stretch (odds ratio = 38). Horses spontaneously reverted to sinus rhythm and no sudden death events were encountered. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Arrhythmias occur frequently in racing Standardbreds during cardiac deceleration, often associated with sudden, rapid increases in vagal tone. Circumstances imposing unusual demand and racing at the trot appear to predispose. Findings provide insight into possible mechanisms of sudden death.     

Influence of supplementary fibrolytic enzymes on the fermentation of corn and grass silages by mixed ruminal microorganisms in vitro

This study was done to determine the effectiveness of supplementary enzymes at increasing the fiber digestion by ruminal microorganisms and to assess whether enzyme activity limits the rate of fiber digestion in ruminal digesta. In vitro comparisons of enzyme activities in two feed enzyme preparations (A and B) with enzyme activities extracted from ruminal fluid indicated that the addition of fibrolytic enzymes at the application rates recommended by the manufacturers would not be expected to increase significantly glycanase and polysaccharidase activities in ruminal fluid. Preparations A and B both increased (P < 0.001) the rate of gas production from freeze-dried corn and grass silages in in vitro incubations with ruminal fluid, but only at concentrations much higher than recommended application rates. Autoclaved controls had little or no effect. Ultrafiltration of enzyme B indicated that most stimulation was due to components >100 kDa, which is consistent with the cause of the stimulation being enzyme activity. Fibrolytic enzymes from other sources were also able to stimulate gas production: increased rates of gas production were observed in seven out of eight combinations of "cellulase" and corn or grass silage (P < 0.05). The comparison of glycanase and polysaccharidase activities with gas-stimulatory activity in the different enzyme preparations indicated that the highest correlation was between increased gas production and enzyme activity against microgranular cellulose (P < 0.05). In a wider range of fibrolytic enzyme preparations, those with endo-(beta-1,4)- or exo-(beta-1,4)-xylanase activity equal to that of preparation A did not produce similar increased rates of fermentation of corn silage when glucanase activity was low (P > 0.05). In contrast, preparations with glucanase activity similar to enzyme A gave at least as great (P < 0.05) an improvement in gas production than enzyme A, irrespective of xylanase activity. It was concluded that enzyme activity, probably a type of endo-(beta-1,4)-glucanase activity, limits the rate of fermentation of corn and grass silage in the rumen. Enzyme supplements of the type used in these experiments are unlikely to possess sufficient activity to overcome this limitation by direct application to ruminal digesta, implying that treatment of the ration prefeeding will be key to harnessing the potential of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes in ruminant nutrition.     

Improving working donkey (Equus asinus) welfare and management in Mali,West Africa

Working conditions for cart donkeys in West Africa are often harsh. In collaboration with the Society for the Protection of Animals Abroad, we conducted 3 studies and a welfare assessment. In the first study, we compared behavioral and physiological measures of donkeys (n = 10) driven in 2 standard Malian ways (1 = halter and reins, 2 = no halter and with a stick). In a second study, we assessed pressure associated with harness and cart quality. Pressure was measured according to several different parameters, including type of harness (satisfactory or unsatisfactory), type of cart (satisfactory or unsatisfactory), and weight (no weight or 200 kg of weight). Because education likely plays an important role in enhancing working equid welfare, we conducted a third study aimed at educating paraprofessionals about donkey husbandry (n = 82). We also conducted a welfare assessment on a donkey population in Segou, Mali (n = 54). Among training methods, no significant difference was found in either heart rate variability or behavior. A significant difference in back/wither pressure (P < 0.05) was found for the following parameters: harness type (P = 0.02) and cart with weight (P = 0.009). The welfare assessment examined how body condition scores, age, number of lesions, scarring, lameness, behavior parameters, and dehydration were related. The results indicated a significant effect between body condition score and hydration, that is, donkeys with lower body conditions were often less hydrated (P = 0.01). The relationship of body condition was significant when comparing the behavioral response with the ear test (P = 0.03). Finally, educational workshops were conducted at 2 schools, one in Segou (n = 54 students) and one in Bamako (n = 28 students), to measure donkey management knowledge before and after a husbandry education seminar and practical demonstration were conducted. The average test scores for pre- and post-tests numerically increased at both schools. However, the increase in test scores was not significant (Segou P = 0.15 and Bamako P = 0.06). This study provides additional methods to professionals and paraprofessionals on alternative methods for training, harnessing, and working donkeys in developing parts of the world.     

Prevalence of echocardiographic evidence of cardiac disease in apparently healthy cats with murmurs

The objective of this prospective study was to determine the prevalence of echocardiographic evidence of heart disease in apparently healthy cats with heart murmurs. Thirty-two privately owned domestic cats were examined. All cats were considered healthy on the basis of history and physical examination, except for the finding of a heart murmur on auscultation. Cats on any medications (besides regular flea, tick and heartworm preventative) or that were pregnant or lactating were excluded from this study. The prevalence of echocardiographic evidence of heart disease in this population of cats was 53%. Therefore, identification of a heart murmur on routine physical examination in apparently healthy cats warrants further investigation.