马尾松毛虫的灯诱测报的研究

马尾松毛虫成虫趋光性极强。当林间马尾松毛虫虫口密度较高时,一盏20瓦黑光灯在整个成虫期间,可诱获数千只成虫。因此,应用黑光灯诱获害虫的成虫,是进行马尾松虫等120多种趋光性强的森林害虫测报的主要方法之一。 作者从1983—1988年在江苏省溧水县林场和安徽省和县鸡笼山林场,进行马尾松毛虫灯诱测报研究。实践证明,灯诱测报具有简便易行,准确及时,测报内容广泛等特点,并结合马尾松毛虫的生命表系统观察,马尾松毛虫性诱测报等方法相互完善,能显著提高测报水平,为长期连续的系统测报提供科学依据。现在灯诱测报已成为江苏省溧水县林场,安徽省和县鸡笼山林场长期坚持的主要测报方法之一。 一、研究方法 用于灯诱测根的黑光灯,应安装在松林外缘开阔地处,保持光源不受遮挡。每年每代安灯地点,高度、开灯天数和每夜启闭灯时间等试验都必须保持一致。并要求观察固定、连续和系统,达到灯诱标准统一,才能准确可靠地进行分析研究。     

应用黑光灯诱杀松毛虫成虫的效果

黑光灯是一种专供诱集昆虫的灯,发出兰紫色的光,对趋光性的昆虫有强大的诱集能力。松毛虫成虫是一种趋光性昆虫,对黑光灯的反映非常敏感,据有关报导,诱蛾的范围较大,四、五里以外的松毛虫成虫仍能飞来。因此,黑光灯用来诱杀松毛虫成虫和开展预测预报工作,是一种较为理想的工具。一、黑光灯的装设:安装黑光灯比较简单,即在地面埋置一根2—3米高的灯柱,上端装订一根横杆,黑光灯垂直挂在杆上,灯下放一木盆或扮禾桶,盆内盛五分之四深     

利用黑光灯进行马尾松毛虫测报的研究

搞好马尾松毛虫预测预报工作,是进行马尾松毛虫综合防治的先决条件和科学基础。只有正确掌握马尾松毛虫的发生规律,才能采取有效措施,将其控制在经济损失允许水平。 众所公认,黑光灯是目前进行害虫测报的理想工具。它至少能诱集7个目57个科     

赤松毛虫诱蛾记录及其应用

为查明赤松毛虫(Dendrolimusspectabilis Butler)的发生情况,了解成虫的羽化动态(羽化时期、数量),为虫情测报和确定防治适期提供依据,我们于1983～1987年在新泰市土门林场进行了黑光灯诱蛾试验,现将结果整理如下。 1 诱蛾用具 400W黑光灯(沈阳市于洪区冈子捕虫器厂生产的,SP—B型捕虫器)。     

柿举肢蛾测报方法的研究

连续５年采用黑光灯诱蛾、糖醋液诱蛾、室外养茧和田间观察等方法进行柿举肢蛾测报研究。结果表明：黑光灯测报方法简便易行，测报结果准确，而且黑光灯具有诱杀柿举肢蛾成虫的作用。在采用黑光灯诱蛾测报的发生期适时防治，好果率达９０％以上。     

黑光灯大面积诱杀马尾松毛虫成虫效果简报

用黑光灯大面积诱杀马尾松毛虫成虫,在15天内共诱杀360多万头,其中雌蛾占58%。在诱杀的雌蛾中,只有1.92%全部产卵。平均每雌蛾含卵195粒。有效地压低了虫口。每亩防治的物耗成本为0.33～0.51元。     

马尾松毛虫性外激素诱蛾试验

为探索马尾松毛虫性外激素在防治上的应用效果,我组在浙江林学院森保组的指导下,对一九七七年越冬代和一九七八年第一代的马尾松毛虫成蛾用性夕激素粗浸提液进行诱蛾试验,共设置诱蛾器24个,获蛾257只,现小结如下:     

崇安天然马尾松林区黑光灯查蛾测报初探

崇安地处闽北山区,林相复杂,植被层厚,属马尾松毛虫偶灾区,在这林相中进行卵、虫、蛹的虫情测报较为困难,我们采用黑光灯查蛾测报,简便可行,做法如下:     

大面积林地运用黑光灯诱杀马尾松毛虫探讨

根据观察和报道,黑光灯至少能诱杀8个目78科628种以上的森林害虫。能否在较大面积上运用黑光灯作为松毛虫综合防治措施之一,乃是生产实践中急待探索的问题。为此,我们自1986～1987年,在溧水县林场进行了应用黑光灯防治马尾松毛虫的试验。     

佳多频振式杀虫灯诱杀马尾松毛虫试验

我省部分国家级马尾松毛虫中心测报点于2 0 0 1年进行了“佳多频振式杀虫灯”诱杀成虫试验 ,取得了较好的效果。现将试验情况小结如下。试验点设在我省不同地理位置的国家级马尾松毛虫中心测报点。根据河南汤阴佳多频振式杀虫灯的使用要求 ,每个点在马尾松纯林布灯 3盏。灯设在山顶上 ,挂灯高度 1 5～ 2ｍ ,每晚 7点开灯 ,早上 6点关灯 ,关灯后及时清点诱集的马尾松毛虫成虫数量 ,并将其记录在表格内。诱杀结果见表 1。表 1　佳多频振式杀虫灯诱杀马尾松毛虫结果地点 越冬代日期诱蛾数第 1代日期诱蛾数第 2代日期诱蛾数于都 0 4 2 3— 0 5 …     

南京紫金山夏季蛾类群落结构及其动态分析

紫金山不同植被类型夏季蛾类分别隶属于10总科24科253属338种.应用多样性、均匀度、优势度等指标对不同植被类型蛾类的群落结构以及时间动态进行了分析.结果表明:夏季是紫金山蛾类的主要发生时期,紫金山蛾类昆虫较为丰富,蛾类的种类、数量与生境的复杂程度呈正相关;植物群落及生态环境的差异是导致蛾类群落结构差别的主要因素,蛾类可作为环境变化的指示物种;各植被类型的优势种差异较大,相似性系数处于中等不相似水平;多样性指数不受均匀度影响,说明紫金山针阔混交林、针叶林、竹林等植物群落正处于演替的某个中间阶段;不同时期蛾类的结构组成和多样性存在明显差异.优势种群季节性变化显著.     

First results on synchrony between seasonal pattern of pheromone trap captures of cotton bollworm, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Helicoverpa armigera</Emphasis> and appearance of freshly emerged larvae on developing cobs of corn hybrids

Synchrony between development of five corn hybrid varieties of various seasonal growing rates (FAO numbers), seasonal flight pattern of male cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera Hb. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), as monitored by pheromone traps, and the subsequent appearance of newly hatched larvae on developing cobs were studied at Mezőhegyes, South-Hungary, in 2003 and 2004. The phenological stages of corn hybrids were evaluated using the Iowa State University Scale (R₁–R₅), the flight of male moths was monitored by large capacity, funnel type of pheromone traps and the appearance of freshly hatched larvae on developing cobs were counted by visual inspection. The synchrony between the flight peak of male moths and the peak apperance of L₁ larvae on cobs was investigated by cross-correlation. In 2003 (average daily temperatures 20.7°C, average daily relative humidity 59.9% for the period of 4–18 July) “DK 391”, “DK 443” and “Maraton” hybrid varieties already reached silking stage (R₁) by the time when pheromone traps indicated a peak, at 7 July (peak capture at 3-day intervals 755.5 males/traps). The number of L₁ larvae peaked on developing cobs of these varieties also at 7 July (7.0, 4.0 and 3.8 larvae/50 cobs, respectively). The synchrony between the flight peak of male moths and the peak appearance of L₁ larvae on cobs was proven (LAG = 0). A rather similar trend was observed in “Vilma” hybrid variety: it reached R₁ stage at 7 July, and L₁ larvae appeared only a few days later (11 July, 3.8 larvae/50 cobs) (LAG = −1). However, “Maxima” hybrid variety reached R₁ stage 1 week later (14 July) than the time of peak captures. Here L₁ larvae peaked as late as at 18 July (0.8 larvae/50 cobs), i.e., only after the cob had reached R₁ stage (LAG = −3). A reverse order of dates of R₁ stage and peak capture was observed in “Maxima” in 2004 (average daily temperatures; 22.5°C, average daily relative humidities 72.6% for the period of 15 July–6 August): it reached R₁ stage at 19 July, while peak trap captures were recorded at 6 August (peak capture at 3-day intervals 20.5 males/traps). L₁ larvae were found in the highest numbers on 2 August (1.5 larvae/50 cobs), practically in synchrony with peak caputres (LAG = 0). “Káma” reached R₁ stage in 16 July, and L₁ larvae peaked at 2 August (1.3 larvae/50 cobs) (LAG = 0). On the rest of the corn varieties larvae were found only in too numbers for performing statistical analysis. We conclude that in order to predict the appearance of L₁ larvae, the phenological stage of the corn variety and the seasonal flight pattern of moths, as measured by large capacity pheromone traps, should be considered in combination. If the corn variety already reached R₁ stage, L₁ larvae appear on cobs as early as the time of peak flight of moths. However, no young larvae appear on cobs despite of high trap captures, until the corn reaches the R₁ stage. These findings are discussed in the view of specifying optimal timing of a pesticide application.     

川保V号粉剂防治蜀柏毒蛾药效试验及应用

川保V号粉剂是新研制的化学药剂,药效试验,防治3~4龄幼虫用药15 kg.hm-2,在168 h后虫口减退率达98.9%,林间大面积防治,同等用药量,平均虫口减退率也在90.5%以上,每公顷防治成本68元左右。川保V号防治蜀柏毒蛾效果良好,在蜀柏毒蛾高虫口林子内应用很有价值。     

枣粘虫性行为时辰节律的研究

本文利用腺体提取、瓶内收集、触角电位和田间试验等方法对枣粘虫产生和释放性信息素时辰节律进行了研究。其中瓶内收集性信息素的方法,在研究昆虫释放性信息素时辰节律方面报道很少,更重要的是,此法在我们的实验中取得了比较满意的效果。研究结果表明:(1)羽化后1—6天的提取物产生的触角电位无明显差异,说明性信息素在此期间的产生与日龄无关(2)腺体中性信息素的含量高峰在凌晨4点,而从体内往体外释放的高峰在早晨7点。(3)利用处女雌蛾不同时辰的诱蛾量的田间试验也进一步证明了枣粘虫产生和释放性信息素与交配行为在时辰节律上的同步性。     

中国刺蛾科幼虫的寄主植物多样性分析

刺蛾科Limacodidae是鳞翅目中1个相对较小的科,是果树、园林及经济作物的主要害虫。目前我国已知64属230种,其中89种有幼虫的寄主植物记录。文章列出了这89种刺蛾及其寄主植物,并对其食性多样性及特点进行了分析。结果表明:中国刺蛾科昆虫涉及到的寄主植物共有64科,其中以茶科上的刺蛾种类最多,达47种,占总数的52.8%。     

松材线虫雌虫尾部形态和寄主的关系

Tenninal mucro of adult female was the distinct character between Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Bx) and its allied species Bursaphe/enchus mucronatus (Bb). In general, Bx had no mucro. But it could have mucro in some situations. In the test, Bx without mucro was inoculated on Chineses pine (Pinus tabulaeformis) and Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii). The results showed that 85% of adult females Bx isolated from Chinese pine had terminal mucro. On Japanese black pine only 4.2% of adult females Bx had terminal mucro. Bx with terminal mucro from Chinese pine was re-inoculated on the fungus, Pestalotia sp. and Japanese black pine. It was found that 100% adult females had no terminal mucro on the fungus and 3.4% with terminal mucro on Japanese black pine.     

云杉球果小卷蛾性外激素的诱捕试验

1992～1993年在牡丹江柴河林业局红皮云杉母树林和大兴安岭红皮云杉天然林对为害云杉球果的云杉球果小卷蛾Cydiastrobilella进行了性外激素诱捕试验。该性外激素于1991年实验合成，共有8种成份组合不同的诱芯，诱捕结果表明第6号诱芯［(100μgZ8-12OH+100μgE8-12OH+100μgZ8E10-12OH)×60］效果最好。同时也用该性外激素对为害兴安落叶松球果的东北小卷蛾C．illutanadahuricolana进行了诱捕尝试。     

周氏啮小蜂防治桑园内美国白蛾技术研究

释放周氏啮小蜂对桑园内美国白蛾进行防治试验。一是放蜂数量与防治效果对比试验,结果表明,每667m2地投放3万头小蜂,美国白蛾的寄生率最优达到68%。二是周氏啮小蜂扩散距离所需时间,在越冬代美国白蛾老熟幼虫期和化蛹初期释放周氏啮小蜂,周氏啮小蜂扩散到50m、100m、150m、200m所需的时间分别为20天、25天、30天、35天。在第一代美国白蛾老熟幼虫期和化蛹初期释放周氏啮小蜂,花角蚜小蜂扩散到100m只需要20天,三是是周氏啮小蜂扩散距离与寄生率的关系,结果表明,离放蜂点越近处,周氏啮小蜂的寄生率越高,反之则越低。     

舞毒蛾性信息素诱捕器应用技术研究

通过对舞毒蛾性信息素诱捕器应用技术研究表明:三角型粘胶板诱捕器、奶盒型诱捕器和圆筒型诱捕器对舞毒蛾的诱捕效果不同,三角型粘胶板诱捕器的诱虫效果最好,圆筒型诱捕器次之;诱捕器设置高度对诱捕效果有明显的影响,设置高度为5.5 m的诱捕器诱捕作用最强,3.5 m次之,1.5 m最差;雄蛾对人工合成信息素的昼夜反应节律发生在白天,从8∶00持续到22∶00,反应高峰在14∶00,反应模式为"单峰式-白天型"。