去精清对提高辽宁绒山羊细管冻精质量的影响

随着对山羊精液研究的不断加深，研究者发现山羊的精清中含有磷脂酶、类磷脂酶、磷酸酶等许多物质，当与卵黄接触后会使卵黄凝固，产生对精子有毒害和损伤作用的物质，致使精液酸度增高，造成精子死亡。卵黄作为山羊冻精稀释液的常用成分，来源广、价格便宜，其作用是多方面的，目前尚未发现有比较理想的物质可以完全代替卵黄。因此，要避免发生上述不良反应，就必须将精清中的有害物质除去，再与含卵黄的稀释液接触。离心去精清技术早在20世纪70年代曾用于对猪、马的精液浓缩，以便于     

陕北绒山羊去精清冷冻精液与全份冷冻精液的精液品质和受胎率的比较试验

冷冻精液人工授精技术在奶牛业中已全面应用,对奶牛种质的改善和生产性能的提高发挥了巨大作用;然而该技术在山羊生产上的应用却受到很大限制,严重制约着养羊业的发展,其主要原因之一是山羊冷冻精液受胎率较低。因此,如何提高山羊冷冻精液受胎率成为近几年研究的热点之一。研究发现:山羊精清中含磷脂酶或类磷脂酶等物质,这些物质对     

山羊精清中抗氧化酶活性与精子活力的相关性分析

为探讨山羊精清中抗氧化酶活性与精子活力的关系.选择年龄3岁左右、平均体重47.2 kg±3.5 kg的健康种公羊20只,采集精液,对精液品质初步评价后离心分离精清,测定GSH-Px、SOD、CAT抗氧化酶活性及T-AOC,然后与精子活力进行相关性分析.结果表明:GSH-Px、SOD的酶活性与精子活力极显著相关, 其相关系数分别为0.592(P=0.008)和0.873(P=0.001);CAT活性与精子活力的相关性接近显著(P=0.065).说明在山羊精清中抗氧化酶GSH-Px和SOD发挥重要的抗氧化作用.     

山羊精液的保存

山羊的精液保存,尤其是冷冻保存一直困扰着养羊业的发展。笔者就山羊精液的保存进行了研究。1影响山羊精液保存的因素卵黄或乳汁是精液保存中常用的传统成份,可使精子免受稀释或低温的刺激,从而保证精子的正常形态和活力,并维持正常的受精能力。山羊尿道球腺(BU S)能分泌卵黄凝集酶(EY CE),E Y C E催化卵黄卵磷脂水解为脂肪酸和溶血卵磷脂,溶血卵磷脂对山羊精子的保存有毒副作用。山羊B U S分泌的蛋白质与乳汁成分相互作用,可导致精子活率的降低。因此,山羊精液中的精浆成分对精液的保存是不利的,所以在采精后要除掉精浆。目前,常用的…     

精清去除方法对崂山奶山羊精液冷冻保存效果的影响

去除精清在使用含卵黄成分稀释液的山羊精液冷冻中非常重要,而去除方法直接影响到处理后的精子活力。试验对比了洗涤液成分、离心时间、离心转速以及洗涤次数对精子活力的影响。结果表明,使用冷冻稀释液的基础液作为洗涤液,以1000r/min洗涤2次,每次10min,效果最好,解冻活力达0.55以上。     

除去精浆对波尔山羊冷冻精液品质的影响

以波尔山羊精液为实验材料,采用二步稀释法在降温前以葡萄糖-卵黄液为洗涤液,应用离心洗涤法对波尔山羊精液进行1000r/min离心处理,制作细管冻精,并进行超微结构分析.结果表明:经离心处理的冻精精子活率极显著优于对照组(P<0.01),精子顶体完整率极显著高于对照组(P<0.01) ,精子存活时间不同处理间未见显著差异(P>0.05).精浆中包含有多种物质,充当精子载体的作用,并可稀释精子,为精子提供代谢物质.试验中除去精浆后精子活率、 顶体完整率均优于对照组,表明除去精浆对冷冻后的精子品质有提高作用.     

“靓精”对山羊精液液态低温保存效果的影响

为探究山羊精液液态低温保存过程中添加不同稀释倍数“靓精”对保存效果的影响。实验以稀释液中未添加靓精为对照组,在稀释液中分别添加稀释50倍、100倍、200倍、400倍的靓精为实验组,经37℃孵育后持续检测精子活力、活率。结果表明,精液孵育后,与未添加靓精对照组相比,稀释液中添加靓精的实验组精子保存时间、活率及活力均得到提高,其中添加稀释200倍靓精组,精子保存时间最长,精子活率和活力均优于其他实验组。表明稀释液中添加靓精有助于延长山羊精子保存时间,提高精子质量。     

母畜对精液抗原的免疫学反应(下)

精液的免疫学因子及其在繁殖过程中的作用动物的精液因种的不同而具有许多特点,包括精子的数量和形态,精清的量和成分,精子和精清的比例以及其它指标。例如,公牛总射精量中8—12％为精子,而88—92％为精清,而公马相应为1.5—2.5％和97.5—98.5％。各种动物的精液都具有自己的抗原特性,来自精清中的可溶性蛋白物质以及精子的特异性微粒蛋白,在它们的作用下,在淋巴组织、生殖器官和其它器官中产生精子抗体。全精液以及用冲洗方法所得的精子和副性腺分泌物都有免疫原特性。G.A.Voisin(1968)等测定了在精子顶体     

介绍一种山羊统一供精中精液保存方法

<正> 实行山羊统一供精,精液保存是目前未解决好的技术问题,多数县都是仿效猪精保存方法,即旱井保存,实践中发现,这种保存方法有两个问题,一是旱井温度,春秋一般为13℃左右,夏季为18℃左右,与山羊精液的适宜保存温度(0～5℃)差距较大,精子保存时间短,二是山羊精液包装小,每瓶所装的精液数量少,特别是夏季,如果在运输途中仅仅采用一般降温措施,精子受外界温度影响仍然较大。1989年我们采用了预冷保温杯携精,冰箱底层保存的办法,取得较好效果(见表1、2)。     

波尔山羊除精浆冷冻精液的试验研究

以波尔山羊精液为试验材料,通过二步稀释法在降温前以葡萄糖-卵黄液为洗涤液,应用离心洗涤法对波尔山羊精液进行1000 r/min离心处理,制作细管冻精,并进行活力、顶体完整率、存活时间以及超微结构的观察分析.结果表明,经离心处理的冻精精子活率显著优于对照组(P<0.05),精子顶体完整率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),精子存活时间处理间差异不显著,除精浆可使精子所受冷冻损伤大为减轻,显著提高冻后精子品质.     

Distribution of glycoproteins on feline testicular sperm, epididymal sperm and ejaculated sperm

Glycoproteins (GPs) are known to be involved in the phenomenon of sperm maturation and capacitation. In the present study, we investigated the attachment of GPs on sperm cell membrane during the process of feline sperm maturation from testicular sperm to ejaculated sperm by using 8 FITC-labeled lectins. The results showed that 3 types of GPs were presented on testicular sperm and 7 on caput epididymal sperm. Corpus and cauda epididymal sperm and ejaculated sperm had GPs detected by 8 FITC-labeled lectins used in the present study. This study demonstrates the part of the characteristic of GPs that are present on the feline sperm cell membrane during the process of sperm maturation.     

精卵因素对母牛卵胞质内精子显微注射效果的影响

实验探讨了精卵因素对母牛卵母细胞质内精子显微注射效果的影响.结果表明:新鲜精液组和性控冻精组ICSI对卵母细胞存活率、卵裂率和囊胚率均无显著差异(P>0.05);采用A、B、C级精子穿刺Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级卵母细胞时,穿刺卵受精率、卵裂率和囊胚率在三者之间无显著差异(P>0.05),总体效果A>B>C、Ⅰ>Ⅱ>Ⅲ;D级精子穿刺Ⅱ级卵母细胞后的穿刺卵受精率显著低于Ⅰ级卵母细胞(P<0.05),卵裂率和囊胚率与Ⅰ级卵母细胞相比无显著差异(P>0.05),穿刺Ⅲ级卵母细胞后的穿刺受精率和囊胚率均显著低于Ⅰ级卵母细胞(P<0.05),受精卵的卵裂率与Ⅰ级卵母细胞相比则无显著差异(P>0.05).由此可见:采用流式细胞仪分离的性控冻精与新鲜精液相比,对ICSI后的受精率和囊胚率无显著影响;精子活动力和卵子质量对ICSI的效果均有一定程度影响,且随精子活动力的降低和卵母细胞质量的下降而逐渐显著.     

精子RNA的研究进展

1 精子RNA存在的争论 作为遗传物质的载体,精子的作用仅是将父本的基因组DNA成功地带入到卵子中,所以成熟精子不必含mRNA,这个观点被广泛接受.有关精子中存在RNA的报道,常被解释为有未成熟的精子细胞的存在,或是精子分析样本中混杂有体细胞,或是精子中含有未被支持细胞吸收的胞质小体造成~([1]),而胞质小体的存在又通常被认为是精子成熟度低的标志.     

精子不同处理和胰岛素不同浓度对猪卵母细胞胞质内单精子显微受精的影响

探讨了分别使用新鲜、冷冻和超声波断尾精子以及在胚胎培养液中分别添加不同浓度胰岛素对猪卵母细胞胞质内单精子显微受精(ICSI)胚胎早期发育的影响.结果:(1)使用冷冻解冻精子与新鲜精子相比对猪卵母细胞ICSI后的卵裂率和囊胚率均无显著影响(P＞0.05);2)精子断尾与否对猪卵母细胞ICSI后的分裂率和囊胚率没有显著影响(P＞0.05);3)在胚胎培养液中添加5 mg/L胰岛素与对照组相比可显著提高猪ICSI胚胎的囊胚发育率(18.22% vs 3.60%,P＜0.05).     

Field testing the influence of sperm competition based on sperm mobility in breeder turkey toms

1. Commercial reproduction of turkeys relies on pooling of semen from multiple males for inseminations. Understanding how sperm characteristics influence paternity under commercial breeding conditions is important to improving production efficiency. 2. The objective of this study was to evaluate progeny production of individual toms following commercial practices of pooling semen to determine if sperm mobility influences progeny production in field conditions. 3. A total of 104 toms were evaluated for sperm mobility. A subset of 10 toms were housed together and semen was collected, pooled and used to inseminate hens (n = 28). Hens were inseminated at 30 weeks of age and weekly thereafter. 4. Ejaculates from each tom were evaluated on two separate days for sperm mobility. Semen from each tom was diluted and layered upon 6% (wt/vol) Accudenz solution. The sperm suspension was incubated at 41 degrees C for 5 min and absorbance was measured with a spectrophotometer. 5. Toms were ranked by absorbance and categorised as high or low if mobility score was +/- 1 SD from the flock mean (average). 6. For parentage determination, DNA was extracted from tom, hen and poult blood. Poult parentage (n = 276) was determined at one day of age or at 14 weeks by analysis of marker genotypes that were generated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of genomic DNA with selected microsatellite markers. 7. Sperm mobility differed across males with absorbance values ranging from 0.147 to 0.366. 8. Findings demonstrate differences in poult production among individual toms when semen from multiple males was pooled and inseminated. Toms classified as high, average and low produced 55, 41 and 4% of the offspring, respectively. 9. It appears that sperm mobility is a trait that influences sperm competition among toms under field conditions where sperm numbers inseminated from individual toms are not controlled or constant and that toms with low sperm mobility produce few offspring.     

调节精子功能的外源性物质及其作用机理

在人工授精及体外受精过程中,需要对精液进行稀释等处理,处理过程中外源性物质的添加会从不同的方面影响精液的质量和精子的受精力。本文阐述了氨基多糖、甲基黄嘌呤、无机离子、生殖激素、细胞因子、维生素、蛋白质等外源性物质对精子生理功能的调节及其作用机理。     

Effect of freezing on sperm nuclear DNA

Sperm DNA damage has a significant impact on reproductive outcomes. In recent years, the search for optimal molecular markers for the evaluation of semen quality has resulted in the increased focus on sperm nuclear DNA assessment. The primary aim of this article was to review and summarize the effects of freezing-thawing procedure on nuclear DNA integrity of boar spermatozoa. Using different sperm DNA integrity assays, it has been confirmed that the sperm DNA undergoes structural changes during the freezing-thawing process. Evidence has been shown that a significant proportion of frozen-thawed spermatozoa with compromised chromatin integrity was highly susceptible to DNA fragmentation. Moreover, the possible mechanisms responsible for post-thaw sperm DNA damage could be because of cryo-induced oxidative stress and, to a lesser extent, to the activation of an apoptotic-like phenomenon. This review also highlights the ongoing effort employed to develop optimal strategies to reduce sperm DNA damage following freezing-thawing of boar semen.     

精子载体转基因家猪中供体种公猪的选择

精子载体转基因法是一种简便、高效、低廉的生产转基因动物的方法。而精子供体猪的合适选择是此方法成功的关键步骤之一。试验结果表明,长白猪和杂种猪精子的质量比大约克猪精子质量要好些。