大力加湖鲟鱼放养场浮游动物及鱼产潜力

2004年5、7、9、12月对大力加湖浮游动物的种类组成结构特征进行了研究。结果表明：大力加湖鲟鱼放养场浮游动物59个种属,密度16475 ind．/L,生物量0．3923mg/ L。浮游动物季节变化比较明显,密度春季最高为44200．0ind/L,生物量变化不明显。浮游动物鱼产潜力3666kg,放养量18330尾。     

勤得利湾浮游动物群落结构特征

2003年5、7、9、11月对勤得利湾浮游动物的种类组成结构特征进行了研究。结果表明：浮游动物共计4门82种,以原生动物、轮虫为主,分别占29.27%和54.88%；前节晶囊轮虫、锥形似铃壳虫、螺形龟甲轮虫、尖削叶轮虫、萼花臂尾轮虫、多足变形虫、单缩虫等为优势种。浮游动物数量为27449.1 ind．/L,原生动物数量为11445 ind．/L,占41.7%；生物量为14.235 mg/L,轮虫最高,为11.002 mg/L。浮游动物季节变化比较明显,数量夏季最高为74431.2 ind．/L；生物量以夏季最高37.9056 mg/L；水平分布采样点Ⅲ最高,为42113.2 ind．/L和21.836 mg/L。勤得利湾浮游动物多样性指数变化是冬季＞春季＞秋季＞夏季。均匀度指数变化是秋季＞冬季＞春季＞夏季。     

黑龙江浮游植物群落结构特征

20 0 3年 5、 7、 9、 1 1月对黑龙江浮游植物的种类组成结构特征进行了研究。结果表明 :浮游植物共计 8门 1 2 7种 ,以绿藻、硅藻为主 ,分别占 47%和 44% ,尺骨针杆藻、细星杆藻、钝脆杆藻、颗粒直链硅藻、美丽星杆藻、歧射盘星藻、毕氏林氏藻、卵形隐藻等为优势种。浮游植物数量为 35 1 2 9× 1 0 4ind /L ,以硅藻为主 ,数量为 2 4 4 62×1 0 4ind /L占 69 63% ,生物量为 3 88mg/L ,硅藻最高 ,为 3 1 1mg/L。浮游植物季节变化比较明显 ,数量夏季最高为 5 75 2 8× 1 0 4ind /L ,生物量以秋季最高 5 65 5mg/L ;水平分布抚远江段最高 ,平均为 5 31 47× 1 0 4ind /L和 4 95mg/L。多样性指数变化是冬季 >春季 >夏季 >秋季 ;均匀度指数变化是冬季 >夏季 >春季 >秋季。     

沅水浮游植物群落结构特征

于2005年3、6、9、12月对沅水浮游植物群落结构进行了调查。结果表明:沅水浮游植物共计6门147种,以硅藻和绿藻为主,分别占43.53%和36.73%。浮游植物平均密度为2.21×105ind./L,蓝藻密度最大为1.33×105ind./L;浮游植物平均生物量为3.97 mg/L,蓝藻生物量最大为3.42 mg/L。浮游植物季节变化比较明显,密度秋季最大(4.64×105ind./L),夏季最小(1.6×104ind./L);生物量冬季最大(12.86 mg/L),夏季最小(0.2 mg/L)。水平分布密度和生物量均是牛鼻滩站最大,分别为6.03×105ind./L和29.6 mg/L。调查显示沅水浮游植物中巴豆叶脆杆藻、颗粒直链硅藻、钝脆杆藻、美丽星杆藻、细星杆藻、格孔单突盘星藻、泥污颤藻、铜绿微囊藻等为优势种。浮游植物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数较低,在1～2之间。指数变化由高到低分别为冬季、秋季、春季、夏季。     

三峡水库三期蓄水后浮游植物群落结构特征初步研究

于2007年1月、4月、7月、10月,对三期蓄水后三峡库区秭归至江津江段的长江干流和5条支流(乌江、磨刀溪、梅溪河、大宁河、香溪河)的浮游植物进行了为期1年的调查。结果显示:在调查期间,浮游植物共计7门164种,以硅藻和绿藻为主,分别占浮游植物总种类数的48.78%和31.70%,其它门类共只占19.52%。优势种有美丽星杆藻(Asterionella formsa),尖针杆藻(Synedra acus),颗粒直链藻(Melosira granulata),实球藻(Pandorina morum),铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa),飞燕角甲藻(Ceratium hirundinella)和拟多甲藻(Peridiniopsissp.)。浮游植物种类的季节变化比较明显,种类数以秋季最多(101种),冬季最少(68种)。三峡库区浮游植物现存量的周年变化,干流明显比支流小。在干流中以春季最大(平均密度为27.75×104ind./L,平均生物量为0.88 mg/L),夏季最小(平均密度为6.97×104ind./L,平均生物量为0.25 mg/L);在支流中以春季最大(平均密度为269.30×104ind./L,平均生物量为6.75 mg/L),冬季最小(平均密度为48.88×104ind./L,平均生物量为1.33 mg/L)。Shannon-Wiener多样性指数在干流中平均值为1.84,四季中秋季最高,其次为冬季、夏季、春季;在支流中平均值为1.95,四季中夏季最高,其次为冬季、秋季、春季。     

勤得利湾浮游植物群落结构特征

2003年5、7、9、11月对勤得利湾浮游植物的种类组成结构特征进行了研究。结果表明:浮游植物共计7门69种,以绿藻、硅藻为主,分别占52.36%和20.11%。近亲鱼腥藻、铜绿微囊藻、普通小球藻、柱形栅列藻、四尾栅列藻、颗粒直链藻、细长锥囊藻、四角十字藻、浮球藻、含糊囊裸藻、针形纤维藻、尺骨针杆藻等为优势种。浮游植物数量为1750.8×104ind./L,以硅藻为主,数量为517.3×104ind./L,占29.55%;生物量为16.082mg/L,硅藻最高,为7.285mg/L。浮游植物季节变化比较明显,数量夏季最高为2801.4×104ind./L,生物量以夏季最高28.235mg/L;水平分布采样点Ⅲ最高,平均为2158.6×104ind./L,采样点Ⅳ生物量最高为12.296mg/L。多样性指数变化是夏季>秋季>冬季>春季。均匀度指数变化是秋季>夏季>冬季>春季。     

拉萨河春季浮游生物群落结构特征研究

2015年4-5月对拉萨河浮游生物的调查结果显示:浮游植物有6门76种(属),浮游植物密度变化在4.04×10~4~16.04×10~4ind/L之间,平均密度为10.18×10~4ind/L,生物量变化在0.037~0.37 mg/L之间,平均生物量为0.13 mg/L;浮游动物4门51种(属),密度的变化范围是45.00~125.00 ind/L之间,平均密度为84.09 ind/L;生物量变化范围为0.006 8~0.063 mg/L之间,平均生物量为0.041 mg/L。该河段浮游生物组成多以冷水性种类为主;浮游生物的密度与生物量随海拔的升高呈递减趋势。     

南湖浮游动物季节变化与鳙鱼鱼产潜力估算

2017年冬季(1月)、春季(4月)、夏季(8月)、秋季(11月)对南湖浮游动物种群结构特征进行了监测分析。结果表明:南湖浮游动物有48个种(属),年平均密度529.6 ind./L,年生物量平均值1.420 mg/L,夏季密度和生物量最高、冬季最低,其季节变化趋势都是夏季﹥秋季﹥春季﹥冬季。鳙鱼产潜力为87.95 kg/hm~2,合理放养量176尾/hm~2。     

微山湖浮游动物群落结构及水质评价

2010年4月至12月对微山湖水体中浮游动物进行了4次调查,共检出浮游动物77种,其中原生动物18种,轮虫45种,枝角类8种,桡足类6种。夏、秋季浮游动物物种数最多（48种）,春、冬季最少（43种）。春季浮游动物丰度最高（1.26×10^3ind.·L^-1）,夏季最低（0.47×10^3ind.·L^-1）,秋季和冬季分别为0.75×10^3ind.·L^-1和0.71×10^3ind.·L^-1。夏季浮游动物生物量最高（6.69mg·L^-1）,冬季最低（1.52mg·L^-1）,春季和秋季分别为2.41mg·L^-1和4.03mg·L^-1。浮游动物香农指数变化在1.74~2.15;均匀度指数变化在0.48~0.74。综合评价,微山湖为中营养型水体,应加强对湖区水质保护和合理开发。     

东港湖浮游植物现存量及生产量

东港湖浮游植物主要有47种，隶属于7门38属。优势种春秋季为绿藻和硅藻，夏季为黄丝藻，冬季为甲藻。浮游植物数量秋季最多（232．45×104个／L）。生物量冬季最高（3．664mg／L．）叶绿素a夏季最高（5．35ug／L）。初级生产力夏季最高（3．13gO2／m2·d）。光和效率夏季最高，种群兴起春季最盛。湖水属中营养型。浮游植物提供的滤食性鱼产潜力为2．966万kg。     

Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean

The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.     

Growth performance,digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass,Lateolabrax japonicus fed with fructooligosaccharide

In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.     

Rare serotype occurrence and PFGE genotypic diversity of Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from tilapia in China

Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.     

Evaluation of a Fast Method Based on the Presence of Two Restriction Sites in the Mitochondrial ND5 (mt ND5) Gene for the Identification of Scomber Species

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus.     

Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review

Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations.     

Purification and partial characterization of GtHs (cfLH and cfFSH) from Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus) (L.) and development of a homologous ELISA for cfLH

Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL^?1 (1.25 ng well^?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.     

Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection

Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg^?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).