鸡产蛋下降综合症并发非典型新城疫的诊断与防治

通过对临床发病鸡群的流行病学、临床症状、剖检变化及实验室诊断,可知新城疫血凝抑制抗体效价水平参差不齐,高的在7～8Log2以上,低的在3Log2以下;产蛋下降综合症血凝抑制价在7～12Log2之间,多数偏高且抗体离散度大,由此可以确诊为蛋鸡非典型新城疫并发产蛋下降综合症。同时对发病原因进行分析并提出了对症治疗方案。     

鸡减蛋综合症的临床鉴别诊断

1993年2月,我局种禽场饲养的迪卡父母代种鸡发生了减蛋综合症。在确诊过程中感到鸡减蛋综合症与非典型新城疫、传染性支气管炎、脂肪肝综合症、钙磷缺乏症都是鸡的流行病,临床都表现产软皮蛋、畸形蛋、蛋壳颜色变浅、产蛋率下降等症状,很容易在实践中误诊,必须做好鉴别诊断。 与非典型新城疫的区别:非典型新城疫也能引起产蛋下降,产软皮蛋,同时在鸡群中出现病死鸡,而对死鸡进行剖检发现喉头气管粘膜、腺胃乳头、盲肠扁桃体、直肠及泄殖腔等处粘膜出血,产蛋率下降相对大些,而减蛋综合症无此现象。另外,减蛋综合症在血凝抑制试验中,抗体离散,抗体上升较快,抗体效价可达2～1024,而非典型新城疫的血凝抑制价为2～512。     

养禽业的新疫情

1强毒新城疫 　　该强毒株于 1999年在河北省发病鸡群中分离到，可引起鸡呼吸道症状和产蛋率大幅度下降。主要表现为呼吸困难，部分鸡眼肿和头肿，鸡冠萎缩发绀，大群减蛋，从产蛋高峰降至 10％～ 20％或停产仅需 7～ 10天，所产蛋蛋壳发白，砂皮蛋、软壳蛋增多。剖检可发现卵泡萎缩如米粒大小，卵巢及输卵管萎缩，肝、肾萎缩，气管有粘性分泌物，发病率可达 100％，死亡率约 5％。 　　在排除其它混合感染因素后，用鸡胚分离毒株并传代，该毒株血凝价可达 8～ 9 log2，血凝现象可被新城疫阳性血清所抑制，其红细胞凝集素的耐热时间 (56℃处…     

宁夏地区部分蛋鸡场新城疫卵黄抗体效价的检测与分析

本研究旨在检测宁夏地区部分蛋鸡场新城疫卵黄抗体效价的水平及差异,通过血凝试验检测本实验室制备的新城疫病毒抗原的效价并校正血凝单位,血凝抑制试验检测宁夏地区14个蛋鸡场140枚鸡蛋卵黄抗体的效价。试验结果显示,新城疫病毒的血凝效价为8 log2,卵黄抗体效价平均在10 log2~13 log2。因此,宁夏地区蛋鸡场新城疫卵黄抗体效价较高,研究结果为了解宁夏地区新城疫防治的效果提供了试验数据。     

蛋鸡产蛋下降综合症的流行、诊断与治疗

产蛋下降综合症,是由病毒引起的能使产蛋鸡产蛋率下降的传染病。其临诊断特征为鸡群产蛋突然下降,大量出现软壳蛋、畸形蛋或蛋壳的颜色变浅。该病可使产蛋鸡群产蛋率下降10％～30％,蛋壳破损率达35％～40％,无壳蛋、软壳蛋在15％左右。1病原产蛋下降综合症病毒是腺病毒属禽腺病毒Ⅲ群的病毒,其结构为某种无囊膜的双股脱氧核糖核酸病毒,病毒含红细胞凝集素,能凝集鸡、鸭、鹅的红细胞,故可用于血凝试验及血凝抑制试验,血凝抑制试验具有较高的特异性,可用于检测鸡的特异性抗体。     

禽流感-新城疫重组二联活疫苗口服免疫试验

选择未接种禽流感-新城疫疫苗的黄腹角雉所产蛋,经孵化后,于10日龄选黄腹角雉15只,随机分成A、B、C 3组,每组5只,以点眼接种量的10、15、20羽份,直接口腔滴入禽流感-新城疫重组二联活疫苗rl-H5株口服免疫。分别于接种前1 d和3次接种后15 d经翅静脉采血,通过测定其禽流感和新城疫血凝抑制试验(HI)抗体滴度。结果表明,第2次接种20羽份剂量抗体效价达到峰值,新城疫和禽流感HI抗体均值分别为7.5 log2和5.5 log2。     

商品肉雏鸡新城疫母源抗体水平的消长规律

为探讨商品肉鸡新城疫免疫程序,采用血凝抑制(HI)试验,对1~28日龄未经任何疫苗免疫的罗斯308商品肉雏鸡新城疫母源抗体进行跟踪检测,并观察其抗体水平消长规律。结果表明,罗斯308商品肉雏鸡的母源抗体水平在3日龄时达到最高值(9.2 log2),然后逐渐下降;至13日龄时新城疫母源抗体水平已低于保护临界值(4.8 log2)。该批肉雏鸡的新城疫疫苗最佳首免时间确定为12日龄。     

鸡产蛋下降综合症－新城疫二联油乳剂灭活疫苗的研究

鸡产蛋下降综合症－新城疫二联油乳剂灭活疫苗的研究周继宏，朱国强，王炳坤，王永坤（江苏在学院牧医系２２５００１）在研究病原特性和鸡产蛋下降综合症及新城疫两种油乳剂灭活苗的基础上，进行鸡产蛋下降综合症和新城疫二联油乳剂灭活苗（简称ＥＤＳ－ＮＤ二联苗）的研...     

广西某鸽场乳鸽新城疫母源抗体消长情况分析

本试验采集母鸽、5日龄乳鸽、10日龄乳鸽、15日龄乳鸽血清,通过血凝抑制试验对血清新城疫抗体进行检测,探索乳鸽新城疫母源抗体的消长规律。结果表明,乳鸽的母源抗体在5日龄开始下降,10日龄还可以达到4 log2,而15日龄大部分乳鸽的母源抗体已经消失,不再产生任何保护作用。本研究为制定适合本鸽场的新城疫免疫程序提供了依据。     

沂南县某蛋鸡场新城疫、禽流感H5亚型（Re-5株）抗体水平的监测

新城疫、禽流感作为危害养禽业的主要传染病,通过其抗体水平监测,分析免疫状态,对鸡群合理饲养,确保养鸡业健康发展。本次检测沂南县某蛋鸡场血样50份,分离血清,通过微量血凝及血凝抑制试验(HI)进行新城疫、禽流感H5亚型(Re-5株)抗体水平监测。试验结果表明,新城疫平均HI抗体效价为9.4 log 2,禽流感H5亚型(Re-5株)平均HI效价为7.64 log 2,说明整场免疫合格,但鸡群需要补种禽流感H5亚型二联油乳剂灭活苗。     

奶牛肢蹄病及其防治

简介常见奶牛肢蹄病种类及其症状,从日粮营养、运动场地面结构、环境卫生、饲养管理、遗传育种、疾病管理等方面简析奶牛肢蹄病的病因,并提出相应的预防措施。     

Disease and destiny-mystery and mastery

When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures.     

Foot and mouth disease and bluetongue: differences and similarities

On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures.     

畜禽物种多样性及其保护和利用

文章就我国畜禽物种多样性资源的现状、保护和利用等方面进行阐述,为生态脆弱的喀斯特地区畜牧业可持续发展提供参考。     

马的咽气癖及其防制措施研究进展

在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。     

德国荷兰畜禽产品质量安全交流与启示

2018年岁末,笔者有幸赴德国和荷兰,就畜产品质量安全控制及检测技术等进行了短期交流,收获颇丰,现具体介绍如下。一、交流情况德国面积35.73万平方千米,人口约8175.2万,是欧盟人口最多的国家,农业发达,机械化程度很高。德国的畜牧业以猪、牛、羊和禽类为主,畜牧业产值占农业生产总值的61%。德国虽然农业比重很小,但却是有机农业运动最早的发起国,也是目前世界上有机农产品生产与消费大国。     

广西芒果主要病虫害及其防治

广西是我国主要的芒果生产基地。随着基地建设的发展,芒果病虫害已成为目前栽培管理的主要问题。为此,在调查、研究的基础了介绍了当前芒果生产中常见的病虫害,并提出了防治措施,以期为生产上提供技术参考。     

牛羊焦虫病诊断与防治技术

近几年来,辽宁省牛羊饲养业迅速发展,焦虫病的危害越来越明显,已成为危害牛羊的主要疾病之一。为了提高牛羊焦虫病的防治水平,保证我省牛羊饲养业的健康发展,笔者在参阅文献和同行们诊疗经验的基础上,结合自己的治疗实践,详细阐述了我省牛羊焦虫病近几年的流行特点和诊断防治方法。