Game Analysis between Manufacturer and Wholesaler in the Management of Distribution Channel

In the distribution channel management, a good cooperation relationship between manufacture and wholesaler is an effective way for them to complement each other with their respective advantages, improve channel competitive abilities and adapt to market fluctuations. Based on their mutual cooperative relationship, a mixed game model is constituted by introducing the characteristics and postulating the prerequisites of trade between manufacturer and wholesaler, then the factors affecting their mutual cooperative relationship and the conditions of their stable cooperation are found through analyzing the mixed game model. Furthermore, a finitely repeated game model is used to analyze the cooperation between manufacturer and wholesaler, the conclusion of the cooperative qualification that influences the cooperation of both sides is given. As a result, the strategies employed by the manufacturer and wholesaler are pointed out.     

甘肃省区域经济空间结构差异分析

基于甘肃省1999—2012年相关经济数据,借助基尼系数、多元回归等方法分析影响自西部大开发以来甘肃省区域经济差异的因素,结果表明：甘肃省三大产业结构以及区域支柱产业和资本投资规模是造成区域经济发展不平衡的主导因素;由于甘肃省贫困地区主要分布在甘肃中南部,缺乏支柱产业、交通不便、资源匮乏,产业结构单一,导致经济发展相对缓慢,带动能力较弱。由此,提出加快中心-外围一体化进程,促进区域经济发展;统筹规划产业空间布局,实现区域合作;完善区域金融与政策投向,缩小区域经济差距等优化对策。     

考虑鲜度竞争的生鲜农产品双渠道供应链保鲜方式选择的研究

物流保鲜是影响农产品质量的重要因素之一。考虑消费者的鲜度敏感性和渠道偏好,构建了自营保鲜和保鲜外包两种情形下,生产商、零售商和冷链物流服务商的序贯博弈模型,求解出最优定价和鲜度水平。借助数值试验,分析了保鲜成本和保鲜服务价格对生产商和零售商的保鲜方式选择及渠道鲜度差异的影响。结果表明：无论生产商还是零售商,选择保鲜外包的农产品鲜度与保鲜成本呈负相关、与保鲜价格呈正相关。零售商总是选择自己保鲜,但是保鲜水平（或保鲜价格）高于（或低于）一定阈值后,生产商会选择保鲜外包,此时线下渠道与线上渠道的鲜度趋近。若保鲜水平较低,冷链物流服务商倾向于承接零售商保鲜外包,反之承接生产商保鲜外包,但是承接生产商保鲜外包的供应链系统利润更大。     

An Analysis of the Affection of Cooperative Opportunities on the Status of Partners in the Strategic Cooperation of Firms

In the strategic cooperation, relative status of the two partners which joined together by the covenant has a great impact on the finally profit distribution. It is analyzed by game theory in this paper that the influence of exterior cooperative opportunities upon the status of a firm when the firm join in an alliance. We focus on the great impact, which is produced by the chance to cooperate with the others that belong separately to the two firms in a strategic cooperation, on the status and profit distribution of the two parts. It is found that a firm will possessed a powerful status in an alliance and carve up more profits from the alliance when it has more opportunities for cooperating. The status differences between the cooperative partners can be better described when a firm sets up a strategic cooperation by combining the method The former researches are done which inspect the inner factors, such as the degree of firms being eager to join an alliance.     

专业镇技术创新平台的构建机理分析

构建专业镇技术创新平台这个重要载体,对解决专业镇产业共性技术难题,提高中小企业自主创新能力,促进产业结构优化升级和产业集聚,最终实现专业镇经济可持续发展,具有重要的现实意义。本文在分析专业镇技术创新平台概念、平台结构及内在关系的基础上,对专业镇技术创新平台的构建机理进行深入分析,重点提出非零和合作博弈;优势互补,创造协同效应;资源共享,风险分担;合作创新,节约交易成本等构建机理,为专业镇技术创新平台的构建、运行机制的设计及保障措施的安排提供理论依据。     

Research on Market Targeting Model of Selecting Manager and Cooperation Mechanism in Commercial Bank Based on Stock Option

Selecting manager by market and improving team cooperation efficiency are two basal tasks to construct an effective human resource management system of commercial bank in China,but there are the limitations the traditional methods in explaining the players' cooperation.The paper constructs a market targeting model of selecting manager of commercial bank and a game model of team cooperation based on stock option,and then the talent identification mode and team cooperation mechanism in commercial bank are established.It is concluded that talented managers is selected but talent-less is refused owing to stock option incentive mechanism,and employee and managers holding stock plan is an incentive force to whole team if residual remains of shareholder is less than half team residual remains.     

龙泉驿区建设用地动态变化及驱动力分析

为了合理调整城市用地结构,实现土地资源优化配置,促进社会经济健康稳定发展,以成都市龙泉驿区1996—2012年土地利用现状调查数据及相关统计资料为基础,分析了该区17年来建设用地动态变化特征,并引入灰色关联度模型定量研究建设用地变化的驱动力。结果表明：龙泉驿区建设用地总体呈快速增长趋势,17年间增加了123.50%,其中居民点及独立工矿用地增幅最大,达到139.77%,其次是交通用地,增加了58.88%,而水利设施用地增幅相对较小。驱动力分析结果表明,人口、经济发展水平、产业结构调整是驱使建设用地增长的三大因子,其中以人口对建设用地规模扩张的驱动作用最为明显,其灰色关联度达0.992。     

Analysis on the Game of Supervision on the Listed Company''s Administrator

When studying on the supervision on listed company performance manipulation, the administrator's role has been emphasized increasingly. By setting up a game model, the article analyzes the performance manipulation made by the listed company's administrator. The analysis shows that the optimal performance manipulation strategy taken by the administrator is determined by the profits obtained by China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) and the prior probability of the listed company performance categories made by CSRC, while the optimal supervision strategy taken by CSRC is determined by the final profits of the listed company. Thus, it is obvious that there is a mutual guessing and influencing relationship between the listed company's administrator and CSRC. Finally, the game model constructed is further analyzed by employing it in the real cases.     

Knowledge,Market Structure,and Economic Coordination: Dynamics of Industrial Districts

The industrial rise of the Third Italy has been characterized by the growth of dynamic networks of flexible small and medium–sized enterprises (SMEs) that are spatially concentrated in specialized industrial districts. This network type of coordination has been associated with horizontal, trust–based relations rather than vertical relations of power and dependency between local organizations. This would lower transaction costs (essential for local systems with an extreme division of labor), facilitate the transmission and exchange of (tacit) knowledge (and thus, learning and innovation), encourage cooperation mechanisms (such as the establishment of research centers), and stimulate political–institutional performance (e.g. through regulation of potential social conflicts). From an evolutionary perspective, the focus is on the dynamics of industrial districts drawing from current experiences in Italy. In this respect, this paper concentrates on two main features of industrial districts that have largely contributed to their economic success in the past, that is, their network organization and the collective learning process. The evolution of industrial districts is described in terms of organizational adjustments to structural change. The way in which the size distribution of firms has changed is discussed (in particular the role of large companies), how the (power) relationships between local organizations have evolved, what are the current sources and mechanisms of learning, and to what extent institutional lock–in has set in. Finally, a number of trajectories districts may go through in the near future are presented.     

高产油茶经营规模的实证分析——以湖南省浏阳市为例

为了给油茶经营模式构建提供参考依据,主要依据浏阳市高产油茶试验地的实际生产经营数据,运用EVIEWS(5.0)计量经济软件,采用最小二乘估计法,探讨高产油茶最优经营规模。结果表明：在油茶生产环节内,只考虑生产成本而不考虑生产经营中的监督成本等其他因素的条件下,最优经营面积不超过8.8 hm2,如果考虑监督成本等其他因素,油茶经营者的利润会进一步降低,最优经营规模将进一步缩小。因此,像油茶这类劳动密集型经济林作物只适合于适度规模经营,此结论对劳动力密集型的林业产业化经营指导有一定参考意义。     

Industrial Structure and the Sources of Agglomeration Economies: Evidence from Manufacturing Plant Production

The impacts of agglomeration and local industrial structure are examined through an analysis of establishment‐level productivity. Using micro‐level data, measures of regional industrial specialization, economic diversity, and industrial competitive structure are incorporated together into a production function system estimated cross‐sectionally for three years and three manufacturing industries in the U.S. The findings demonstrate the importance of the influences of regional industrial competitive structure and diversity on performance.     

Changing Nature and Sustainability of the Industrial District Model: The Case of Technic Valley in France

ABSTRACT This paper examines the impact of contemporary pressures on industrial districts and analyses the changes that are taking place in an industrial district confronted with disembedding and globalisation. We discuss the following questions: What are the processes and consequences of disembedding for the changing shape and form of inter‐firm trust, contract and network forms? Is there an evolution in subcontracting and trade interdependency? What is the role of institutional infrastructures? We performed a longitudinal qualitative study using a number of different data sources to analyse the evolution of one French industrial district, particularly how new pressures of internationalisation and disembedding work to reconfigure inter‐firm relations in this district. While the recent literature is dominated by notions about industrial districts that concern only the trend towards increased competition or disembeddedness, this article shows that there is no unilinear trend. In contrast with the findings of certain recent studies, we argue that economic logic does not fully account for recent developments because the adjustment that are being made by the district are characterised rather by re‐embeddedness, increased cooperation, and institutionalisation.     

基于STIRPAT模型的广州市耕地变化社会经济驱动力分析

摘要：根据广州市1978-2005年耕地面积数据及相关社会经济影响因素的时间序列数据,应用STIRPAT模型,分析了人口、产业结构城市化水平对耕地面积变化的影响及富裕度与耕地占用之间的相关性。结果表明：在影响耕地面积变化的诸多因素中,并没有显示出明显的主导因素,而是人口、产业结构和城市化水平共同综合作用影响着耕地面积的变化;在观察的数据范围内,富裕度和耕地面积之间并未形成类似环境Kuznets曲线。据此认为,对于缓解广州市的耕地面积减少的压力问题,可以调整产业结构、提高城市化水平、转变经济增长方式等方面统筹决策。     

Information Structures in Portfolio Selection

This paper gives a brief presentation of the influence of different information structures on portfolio selection and some simple examples to demonstrate their basic algorithms. The first is the familiar mean_variance model. The model does not need more hypotheses on the motion of the asset price along the full continuous time axis,but sometimes many unanticipated computation problems may be involved because of the difficulty in computing the inverse of some matrices with high dimension. The second is the stochastic optimal control model. It is to solve a stochastic optimal control problem,which is often related to Hamilton_Jacobi_Bellman eqution.It results in solving partial differential equations of Riccati matrix differential equations. Their closed_form solutions are usually very hard to obtain. The last is the differential game model. The existence,uniqueness,and the computation for its equilibrium solution are all very difficult mathematical problems.     

工厂化杏鲍菇菌渣生物炭制备及质量评价

为了更好地利用菌渣制备稳定、优质的生物炭，以12种不同原料配方工厂化杏鲍菇菌渣为材料，建立高温裂解生物炭制备工艺，利用孔雀石绿吸附能力对生物炭进行快速质量评价。12种菌渣理化性质表现出一定差异。以X₀组菌渣为材料，12种处理炭得率为26.00%~47.17%，且随着温度升高而降低。综合炭得率、孔雀石绿吸附率和能耗，确定400℃、2.5 h为菌渣生物炭最适制备条件。以该条件制备的11种菌渣生物炭各组间炭得率无显著差异，对400 mg/L孔雀石绿2 h吸附率均达到95%以上，表明具有良好的孔隙度和吸附效果。本研究建立了一种菌渣生物炭制备工艺和评价方法，为工厂化菌渣生物炭化利用提供理论和实践依据。     

浙北区域长兴耕地土壤质量状况分析

通过采样调查分析探讨了浙北区域长兴耕地的土壤肥力状况,发现最近20多年长兴耕地土壤肥力质量发生了一定的变化。土壤有机质、全氮含量略有上升;土壤有效磷平均含量比20年前略增加,但缺磷状况仍十分明显;速效钾含量略有下降,仍处于较低水平,不能满足作物正常生长的需要。土壤酸化已成为土壤退化的新问题。土壤肥力质量的变化与近20年来肥料结构、种植制度改变和工业发展等有关。     

The Property Delimitating and Its Efficiency Analyzing of Cooperative Investment in Supply Chain

In supply chain management, the forms of cooperation between the manufacturer and the supplier are various, and the forms of cooperative investment in supplier's renovation, study of fresh product and founding the system of share information are important. Incomplete Contracting Approach is applied to study the property delimitating and its efficiency problems of cooperative investment the strategy of manufacturer supports the renovation of supplier in supply chain through analyzing the equilibrium of incomplete information game in the cooperative investment of manufacturer and supplier. We illustrates the fitness of the three manufacturer's strategy of supporting, which are former share investment, let profit and subsidy. The conclusion is given that both parties define the form of property is basis on respective ability of bargaining.     

食品供需网可追溯体系构建的博弈分析

为突出食品供需网(FSDN)理念在可追溯体系构建上的优势,论文构建了食品供应链的Nash博弈均衡模型与食品供需网的Pareto博弈均衡模型,分析2种情况下企业构建食品可追溯体系的投入水平。结果发现在食品供应链中,企业在政策、法规等强制约束下会对可追溯体系的构建有一定的投入,但是投入水平较低。在食品供需网中,由Pareto均衡模型得出,企业对可追溯体系构建的投入高于Nash均衡水平。因此,食品供需网的构建可提高企业可追溯体系构建的投入水平,促使企业主动参与可追溯体系的构建和实施。     

不同种植模式对玉米产量与农艺性状影响分析

为了探明玉米种植的最优方式,试验采用裂区设计,研究不同耕作方式、种植密度及施N肥量对玉米的产量和农艺性状的影响。结果表明：不同的耕作方式和不同施N肥量玉米的产量差异均达显著水平,不同种植密度的玉米产量差异不显著。在各组合中,以平作耕作方式、密度67500株/hm2、施N量为112.5 kg/hm2,玉米产量最高;耕作方式对玉米棒三叶叶面积和株高影响差异达显著水平,对最大叶面积指数和茎粗影响差异不显著;密度对玉米最大叶面积指数、棒三叶叶面积和茎粗影响差异显著,对株高影响差异不显著;施氮与不施氮之间最大叶面积指数、棒三叶叶面积、茎粗和株高差异显著。