襄汾县水土保持监督执法的做法与成效

襄汾县在水土保持监督执法实践中,打破以往常规的做法,积极和相关部门沟通,建立了"会签"制度,把开发建设项目水土保持方案审批纳入到全县项目审批总体实施方案中,加大监督执法力度,强化监督执法意识,把好监督执法关口,开创了水土保持监督执法工作的新局面。文章介绍了主要做法和取得的成效。     

新形势下福建省水土保持监督执法工作的思路

福建省水土保持监督执法机构基本建立健全,监督执法环境良好,但也面临新的压力和挑战。今后的工作思路是:改善执法条件,切实加强监督检查工作,建立以责任追究为核心的水土保持监督执法管理体制,加强以执法能力建设为核心的自身建设。     

完善开发建设项目水土保持监督机制的几点建议

以张掖市甘州区为例,对开发建设项目水土保持监督执法的现状及存在的问题进行了分析,从完善水土保持监督机制的角度,提出了强化宣传,提高认识;注重队伍建设,健全监督执法网络;落实各项制度,规范监督执法行为;加强部门协作,强化监督执法;创新监督方式,增强监督实效等5个方面的建议。     

襄汾县水土保持监督执法的主要做法及发展对策

襄汾县在水土保持监督执法工作中,狠抓规范化、标准化、制度化建设,把"两费"征收纳入政府行为,加大监督执法力度,强化监督执法意识,把好监督执法关口,开创了水土保持监督执法工作的新局面。介绍了主要做法和发展对策。     

太湖县水土保持预防监督工作的主要做法

安徽省太湖县通过大力宣传水保法 ,完善法规制度 ,加强执法队伍建设 ,查处违法案件 ,以规费征收为突破口 ,推动了监督执法工作的全面开展 ,有效控制了人为水土流失。提出当前监督执法存在问题与建议。     

全省高速公路建设项目联合监督执法整改落实情况汇报会在太原举行

1月7日,全省高速公路建设项目水土保持联合监督执法整改落实情况汇报会在太原召开。省水利厅党组成员、水土保持局局长张江汀出席会议并讲话。高速公路建设项目水土保持联合监督执法组成员和11个市水利(水务)局分管水土保持工作的副局长、监督站长参加了汇报会。会上,8个监督执法组汇报了联合监督执法情况,各市以多媒体形式汇报了整改落实情况。     

瓦房店市水保监督执法案例选登

瓦房店市水保监督执法案例选登刘可富（辽宁省瓦房店市水土保持办公室，１１６３００）瓦房店是全国第一批水土保持监督执法试点之一。在执法试点的一年多来，瓦房店市查处了一系列违反水保法的案件，监督执法工作卓有成效。现选登几起典型的案例以供全国水保执法战线的同...     

龙南县监督执法出成效

江西省龙南县水保局以水土保持方案审批为切入点 ,以“三同时”制度的落实为重点 ,通过组建 1个水土保持生态环境监督支队和 4个中队、装备执法车辆、配齐勘测仪器、统一执法服装和健全水土保持预防监督执法 10项制度、完善执法纪律、规范执法程序等 ,有力地推进了水土保持预防     

瑞丽市水土保持监督执法现状与发展对策

瑞丽市自然环境优越,但由于历史上对水土保持工作重视不够,加上农业种植结构单一、大面积坡地开垦和森林砍伐,造成了区域生态的严重破坏。自2006年转变水土保持监督执法以来,坚持以科学发展观为统领,树立和谐执法理念,从执法指导思想、执法程序、执法方法、执法手段等多方面贯彻和谐执法方略。介绍了水土保持监督执法取得的成效,针对存在的问题提出了发展对策。     

水土保持监督执法的实践探讨

在水土保持监督执法试点工作中。乐平市根据境内矿产资源丰富。各级工矿企业集中的特点。有针对性地开展了水保监督执法工作。走出了一条以宣传教育为基础。从引导帮助着手。综合防治狠抓难点。重在巩固的四为一体的水保监督执法路子。把监督执法和耐心细致的政治思想工作有机地结合起来,使乐平市的水土保持工作出现了“由不自觉到自觉、由自发到依法”的根本性转变。     

Use of a 6-steps microcosm for studying a wastewater discharge in a freshwater ecosystem: a multidisciplinary study

An experimental microcosm has been designed for simulating and studying impacts of a wastewater treatment plant (WTP) discharge on a freshwater/sediment ecosystem. The study was focused on the changes in biodiversity of benthic populations, especially bacteria and oligochaetes. Effluents were discharged in the Saône river, near Lyon (France) from a small treatment plant which treated domestic raw water by an activated sludge process. Freshwater and sediments were sampled in the Saône river upstream of the discharge point and placed in microcosms. Following the WTP discharge, physicochemical parameters of the overlying water column and sediments exhibited only a slight change, as compared to a reference. Characterization of the sediment bacterial populations was conducted with the Biolog and API systems. Strain identification and interpretation of data was difficult using thesetwo systems. Bacterial taxa in the sediments increased slightly below the WTP discharge. Gram negative strains dominated in the effluents, but G+ and G- bacteria were balanced in the sediments. Pseudomonas sp. and Bacillus sp., were the dominant strains. Invertebrate populations indicated an effect of the WTP discharge, with increasing of pollution resistant strains (Tubificidae) and disappearance of pollution intolerant strains such as Limnodrilus udekemianus and Quistadrilus multicoetosus. Taken as a whole, biological parameters indicated an environmental changes despite only slight changes in the physicochemistry of water. This experimental microcosm has proven to be a useful tool for studying impact of wastewater discharge on benthic populations.     

Determination of ochratoxin a with a DNA aptamer

This work describes the identification of an aptamer that binds with high affinity and specificity to ochratoxin A (OTA), a mycotoxin that occurs in wheat and other foodstuffs, and a quantitative detection method for OTA based on the use of this aptamer. Aptamers are single-stranded oligonucleotides selected in vitro to bind to molecular targets. The aptamer selected in this work exhibited a dissociation constant in the nanomolar range and did not bind compounds with structures similar to OTA such as N-acetylphenylalanine or warfarin. The aptamer bound with a 100-fold less affinity to ochratoxin B. The selected aptamers could be used for the determination of ppb quantities of OTA in naturally contaminated wheat samples. Further work is ongoing to broaden the application demonstrated here with the development of sensors, affinity columns, and other analytical systems for field and laboratory determination of this toxin in food and agricultural products.     

Structural characteristics of clay-dominated soils of a marsh and a palaeosol in a crossed diagram

Although the shrink‐swell phenomenon of clays has been thoroughly studied, the in situ relation of the shrinkage curve to the structure profile is rarely presented from the shrinkage limit to the liquid limit. We studied the consolidated structure of clay‐dominated (<2 μm) soils formed on ‘pseudo‐liquid’ marsh sediments in the ‘Marais de l’Ouest’ (France). The profiles were studied in a grassland field and in a sunflower field from unsaturated surface soils down to deeper, saturated, levels characterized by a very large water content (100% by weight). The consolidation states were quantified recording cone resistance (Qd) profiles using a dynamic penetrometer in successive seasons. These Qd profiles were compared with the associated wet density and gravimetric water‐content profiles. Two consolidation depths were evident, the surface soil and a 130‐cm deep palaeosol. The seasonal Qd profiles demonstrate the partial irreversibility of the consolidation peaks associated with the surface soil and with the palaeosol. The shrinkage properties were established through drying curves of undisturbed test samples. In the void ratio (e)‐water content (W) and water content (W)‐saturation index (Sr) diagrams, the profiles as a whole exhibit only one clay soil behaviour from their pseudo‐liquid to plastic to solid states. Each Qd profile is represented by a hyperbolic curve in the e/Qd diagram. Represented in a (e – W – Qd —Sr) crossed diagram, the vertical evolution of the successive profiles shows the soil structure behaviour from the initial pseudo‐liquid sediment to the consolidated soil. A simple cone resistance recording associated with gravimetric water‐content profiles, characterizes the evolution of structural layers of soils for the seasonal drying‐wetting cycles, for the over‐consolidation associated with the palaeosol, and also for the effect of ploughing.     

Impact of a ski basin on a mountain watershed

The input of heavy metals by automobile exhaust pollution associated with the ski basin activities is the primary concern of this paper. Stream, snowpack and lichen samples were collected and analyzed for Pb, Zn, and Cu. Some lichen samples were also analyzed for Ca, Mg, Na, K, Fe, and Mn, as well as Pb, Zn, and Cu. Snowpack samples from roadside areas demonstrated increased levels of Pb and Cu in comparison to areas up to 180 m from the road, but heavy metal levels at more remote areas were comparable to roadside levels. In all snow samples the heavy metals associated with the particulate matter was the major form of all inputs. Heavy metals in streams were also highly correlated with the particulate matter content. Heavy metal inputs to the watershed were greater than stream export, indicating an accumulation of heavy metals by the system. The forest canopy appears to be the major factor in the accumulation of heavy metals, probably due to better interception and impaction of the particulate matter by the canopy.     

Macrokinetic grounds for a model of microbial growth on a substrate with a single major component

The dependency of experimental microbial growth data on the concentration of a major substrate component in phase space follows the law of a deformed bell curve and, until now, has not had a widely accepted rational. In the present work, a theoretical equation of this dependency at a fixed time was derived from the equation of the dependency of growth on time for a single concentration of a major component, which was previously obtained using a non-stationary non-equilibrium approach. The validity of the equation was established by comparison to experimental data from an independent source. The equation allows one to find intervals in the phase space of the dependency of growth on the initial concentration of the major component of the substrate that qualitatively vary by sign (plus or minus) and direction (increasing or decreasing) of the change of: a) growth, b) rates, and c) acceleration of its change in response to the change in the concentration of a major component of the substrate.     

脆弱刚毛藻对水体中三种苯系物的去除效果

采用L934正交设计法,研究了脆弱刚毛藻[Cladophora fracta (Dillw.) Kuetz.]对水体中3种苯系物苯、甲苯和二甲苯的去除作用.结果表明,脆弱刚毛藻对苯、甲苯和二甲苯的去除率分别为46.6写,13.6%和7.4 Yo.分析不同处理条件对脆弱刚毛藻对苯去除率的影响,各因素极差值大小依次为:温度>处理时间>藻体重量,温度是影响去除笨效果的主要因素.在刚毛藻去除甲苯的实验中,各因素R值大小依次为处理时间>藻体重量>温度,主要影响因素是处理时间.而对于二甲苯,藻体重量则是最主要的因素.     

Using a Numerical Model to Track the Discharge of a Wastewater Treatment Plant in a Tidal Estuary

Along the coast of Maine, USA, there are numerous wastewater treatment plants that discharge their treated effluents into a river estuary which is shared by commercial fishing and shellfish harvesting. Occasionally, there can be failures or bypasses of treatment plants that lead to untreated or partially treated sewage flowing into shellfish harvesting waters. To prevent any toxic contamination of harvested shellfish, a prohibitive zone is established around the treatment plant where shellfish harvesting is prohibited. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has conducted numerous dye studies on both coasts of the USA to determine these prohibitive zones, based on the guidelines of the National Shellfish Sanitation Program. In May 2010, the FDA conducted such a dye study at the Yarmouth, Maine wastewater treatment plant. The results are compared with a numerical coastal model that provides the velocity field for the currents around the treatment plant. This model includes a diffusion equation to simulate dye dispersion from a point source which is used to determine the prohibitive zone. The numerical model shows good correlation with the FDA dye study report and establishes a prohibitive zone for commercial harvesting in keeping with that of the FDA study. The benefits of the numerical model include sampling at thousands of locations simultaneously, seasonal changes in river volumes, and changes in plant discharge volumes.     

Surface-bound phosphatase activity in ectomycorrhizal fungi: a comparative study between a colorimetric and a microscope-based method

For the quantification of surface-bound phosphomonoesterase activity (SBPA) of fungi, roots, or mycorrhiza, a colorimetric method based on p-nitrophenyl phosphate (pNPP) is widely used. Unfortunately, this method does not reveal information about the localization of the surface-bound phosphomonoesterase (SBP). We introduce a method that localizes and quantifies SBPA in living hyphae of ectomycorrhizal fungi using confocal laser scanning microscopy of the hydrophilic substrate enzyme-labelled fluorescence (ELF-97) and compare it to the pNPP assay. ELF-97 turns into a strongly fluorescent precipitate upon activation by SBPA and forms bright fluorescent centres on the outer cell wall of the hyphae. Our data show that the enzymatic reaction is not substrate-limited during an incubation period of 15 min in fungal hyphae of Pisolithus tinctorius, Cenococcum geophilum, and Paxillus involutus. Image-processing routines determined the total intensity and the average number of the fluorescent ELF-97 centres per micrometre fungal hyphae of C. geophilum and Paxillus involutus. ELF-97 and pNPP detected similar variations of the SBPA at different pH values (3–7) during the measurement and different phosphorus (P) concentrations during the growth period of the fungi. The ELF-97 method revealed that C. geophilum and Paxillus involutus adapt in different ways to the variation of the P concentrations during the growth period by varying the number, the activity, or both properties of the SBP centres. The phosphatases show peak activities at different pH values, so the response of the fungal mycelium to varying P concentrations in soils is pH selective. In conclusion, ELF-97 is a promising substrate to reveal SBPA and adaptation strategies on a structural–physiological level.