47%氯吡·丙·异可湿性粉剂对水稻机插秧田杂草防效及安全性

通过大田示范验证47%氯吡·丙·异可湿性粉剂在机插秧田水稻移栽前与移栽后2次土壤封闭处理对杂草的防除效果及水稻的安全性。结果表明:47%氯吡·丙·异可湿性粉剂1 050 g/hm~2在机插秧水稻移栽前1 d毒肥处理结合水稻移栽后10 d 47%氯吡·丙·异可湿性粉剂1 050 g/hm~2毒肥处理对水稻机插秧田稗草、丁香蓼、异型莎草等杂草的株防效和鲜质量防效平均高于90%,且对水稻安全。     

不同除草剂对水稻机插秧田杂草的防效及安全性评价

为明确水稻机插秧田杂草对除草剂的敏感性,选择了11种除草剂在山东的鱼台和利津进行药效试验。比较各处理防效发现,鱼台机插秧田土壤处理用47%异丙隆·丙草胺·氯吡可湿性粉剂或40%苄嘧·丙草胺可湿性粉剂,对总草的防效均在95%以上;茎叶处理用60 g/L五氟·氰氟草酯可分散油悬浮剂,株防效达94.25%。利津机插秧田土壤处理用40%苄嘧·丙草胺可湿性粉剂或35%苄嘧·丁草胺可湿性粉剂,对总草的防效均在90%以上;茎叶处理用25 g/L五氟磺草胺可分散油悬浮剂,株防效达93.02%。以上处理持效期均长达30 d。     

苄·戊·异丙隆防除直播稻田杂草的效果

50%苄.戊.异丙隆可湿性粉剂在水稻直播田播后苗前施用,可有效地防除稗草、千金子、异型莎草、鸭舌草、节节菜等禾本科杂草、莎草科杂草和阔叶杂草,用量1 500 g/hm2,施后45 d对各类杂草株防效、鲜重防效均高于对照药剂30%苄嘧.丙草胺1 500 g/hm2、1%口恶嗪草酮悬浮剂4 500 mL/hm2。50%苄.戊.异丙隆可湿性粉剂1 500 g/hm2防除水稻直播田杂草效果较好。     

47%异隆·丙·氯吡可湿性粉剂对沭阳县水稻田杂草防效及安全性评价

为筛选施用适期宽、适应性广、安全高效的除草剂新品种,通过大田示范验证47%异隆·丙·氯吡可湿性粉剂在江苏省沭阳县水稻旱直播田、机插秧田、手插秧田适期适量施用对杂草的防效及对水稻的安全性。结果表明,47%异隆·丙·氯吡可湿性粉剂在旱直播水稻播后苗前或立针期以2 100 g/hm~2喷雾处理、在机插秧水稻移栽3 d前以1 050 g/hm~2粗喷雾法处理结合移栽7 d后以1 050 g/hm~2毒肥法处理、在手插秧水稻移栽6 d后以1 050 g/hm~2毒土法处理对江苏省沭阳县稻田稗属杂草、马唐、千金子、丁香蓼、异型莎草等杂草的株防效和鲜质量防效均高于91%,且对水稻安全。     

47%异隆·丙·氯吡可湿性粉剂与常用茎叶处理药剂混用对晚播麦田杂草防效及小麦的安全性

2018年在江苏省扬州市晚播麦田示范验证47%异隆·丙·氯吡可湿性粉剂与小麦田常用茎叶处理剂混用对杂草的防除效果及对小麦的安全性。结果表明,小麦播后7 d 47%异隆·丙·氯吡可湿性粉剂3 000 g/hm~2封闭处理、小麦3叶1心时47%异隆·丙·氯吡可湿性粉剂3 000 g/hm~2与3%甲基二磺隆油悬浮剂450 mL/hm~2桶混用对晚播稻茬麦田中的菵草、日本看麦娘、看麦娘、牛繁缕、荠菜、野老鹳草的株防效和鲜质量防效均高于90%,对小麦安全。     

水稻旱直播田全程草害化除技术

以47%氯吡·丙·异可湿性粉剂、20%二氯喹啉草酮悬浮剂2种新除草剂为主,探讨水稻旱直播田全程草害防控技术方案。结果表明,水稻旱直播田47%氯吡·丙·异可湿性粉剂1 650 g/hm~2水稻播后苗前喷雾处理结合20%二氯喹啉草酮悬浮剂3 000 g/hm~2+15%乙氧磺隆可湿性粉剂90 g/hm~2+10%氰氟草酯乳油1 500 g/hm~2或20%二氯喹啉草酮悬浮剂3 000 g/hm~2+75%氯吡嘧磺隆水分散粒剂45 g/hm~2+10%氰氟草酯乳油1 500 g/hm~2水稻4~5叶期喷雾处理,20%二氯喹啉草酮悬浮剂3 000 m L/hm~2水稻播后苗前喷雾处理结合水稻4~5叶期10%氰氟草酯乳油1 800 g/hm~2+40%双草醚悬浮剂37.5 g/hm~2+75%氯吡嘧磺隆水分散粒剂45 g/hm~2喷雾处理对水稻旱直播田杂草综合防效达95%以上,且对水稻安全。     

苄磺隆防除稻田杂草效果及应用技术研究

10％苄磺隆可湿性粉剂是国内近年生产的一种广谱性稻田超高效除草剂。我们于1990～1991年对苄磺隆的田间除草效果及有关应用技术进行了研究,全区共试验示范4.5万亩。试验及应用表明,苄磺隆对我区稻田的常见杂草防效显著,对水稻十分安全,具有广泛应用前景。现将试验结果报告如下: 一、材料及方法 (一) 供试药剂 10％苄磺隆可湿性粉剂(江苏省激素研究所产),10％草克星可湿性粉剂(日本日产化学公     

10%苄嘧磺隆·异丙草胺可湿性粉剂对水稻抛秧田杂草的防除作用

由于水稻移栽方式的改变,华南地区抛秧稻田的杂草危害逐年加重,严重影响水稻的产量和品质。为此,采用大田药效试验的方法,研究10%苄嘧磺隆·异丙草胺可湿性粉剂对于华南地区抛秧早稻和晚稻田杂草的防除效果、最佳使用剂量及其安全性。结果表明:10%苄嘧磺隆·异丙草胺可湿性粉剂在水稻抛秧7 d左右进行药土法施药,推荐使用剂量101.25~112.50 g a.i./hm2,对水稻抛秧田稗草、鸭舌草、碎米莎草等常见杂草有较好的防效,具有显著的除草增产效果。     

糜子田除草剂药效筛选及对产量的影响

选用当前在大田作物上常用的9种除草剂在糜子田进行不同剂量处理,对杂草的株防效、鲜质量防效、药害及产量进行调查分析,确定不同处理除草效果及对糜子产量的影响。结果表明,防治禾本科杂草效果较好的除草剂有480 g/L氟乐灵乳油1 125、2 250 m L/hm~2,33%二甲戊灵乳油2 250、4 500 m L/hm~2;综合防治阔叶杂草效果较好的除草剂有40%扑草净可湿性粉剂2 250 g/hm~2,短期对阔叶杂草防治效果较好的除草剂为42%丁·异·莠去津乳油3 000 m L/hm~2、40%异丙草·莠乳油6 000 m L/hm~2。     

苄嘧·丙草胺等防除旱直播稻田杂草的效果

30%苄嘧.丙草胺等在播后芽前进行土壤封闭处理防除旱直播稻田杂草安全性较好。30%苄嘧.丙草胺适宜用量为1800-2 250 g/hm2,50%苄.戊.异丙隆适宜用量为1 500-1 800 g/hm2,基本可以一次用药控制旱直播稻田整季杂草危害。     

Performance of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl in non-puddled transplanted rainy season rice and its residual effect on growth of the succeeding crop in rice-wheat cropping pattern

Abstract

A study was carried out in sandy clay loam textured soil of Mymensingh, Bangladesh to evaluate weed control efficiency of pre-emergence herbicide pyrazosulfuron-ethyl either alone or in sequential application with post-emergence herbicide in transplanted rainy season rice under non-puddled strip-tilled (NPST) field condition and also to examine the residual effect of those herbicides on germination and growth of the subsequently grown wheat crop. Five treatment combinations of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl were tested against one weedy check and one weed-free check. The study revealed that NPST rice field was mostly infested by grass and sedge weeds and herbicide treatments offered a wide range of control (above 50% to 95%) on all types of weeds. Application of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl followed by (fb) orthosulfamuron fb butachlor plus propanil provided the most effective and economic weed control over two years of the study. Moreover, micro-plot bioassay study claimed germination and growth of subsequently grown wheat were not adversely affected by herbicides that were applied in rice. Therefore, application of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl followed by post-emergence herbicide could be effective and economic to control weeds in NPST rice under rice-wheat system, but proper rate and time of application should strictly be followed.     

Herbicide options for weed control in papaya

This paper reviews the literature on weeds and weed control in papaya. There is limited research on this topic, and nearly all of the research focuses on herbicides. Effective use of paraquat and glyphosate in papaya is dependent on avoidance of spray contact to green bark and foliage. Pre-emergence herbicide tolerance is dependent on papaya age, size and maturity, and soil type. Only one herbicide, oryzalin is shown to be tolerated by papaya immediately after transplanting. Herbicides such as diuron and oxyfluorfen with a broader spectrum of weed control generally injure young papaya, however they can be effectively used if the initial application of these herbicides is delayed until papaya attains certain size or maturity indices. There is a need for further research on weeds and weed control to improve the efficiency of papaya production     

Weed populations in winter wheat as affected by crop sequence, intensity of tillage and time of herbicide application in a cool and humid climate

Summary There is a lack of information on the combined effects of preceding crop, reduced tillage (especially no-tillage) and the time of herbicide application on the development of weed populations and the efficiency of weed control in winter wheat in humid temperate climates. An experiment was conducted with a crop rotation (winter wheat – oilseed rape – winter wheat – maize) on a sandy loam and a loamy silt soil in the Swiss midlands to investigate the impact of different preceding crops and pre- and post-emergence control of weeds in conventional tillage (CT; mouldboard plough), minimum tillage (MT; chisel plough) and no-tillage (NT; no soil disturbance systems). When winter wheat was grown after maize and winter wheat was grown after oilseed rape, the ranking order of weed density in treatments without herbicide application was NT < MT < CT and CT < MT < NT respectively. Analysis of variance and canonical discriminant analysis showed that Epilobium spp., Sonchus arvensis , Myosotis arvensis and volunteer crops were more abundant in NT than in MT and CT. The efficiency of post-emergence weed control was generally better than that of pre-emergence weed control, regardless of tillage intensity.     

红花苗后除草剂筛选及安全性评价

本研究通过室内盆栽和田间试验相结合的方法筛选出对红花苗后安全且对阔叶杂草防效好的除草剂。室内盆栽试验从12种除草剂中初步筛选出30%草除灵SC、50 g/L双氟磺草胺SC、15%噻吩磺隆WP、12%砜嘧磺隆OD 4种对红花较为安全的除草剂。田间验证试验评估了它们对红花的安全性和除草效果,得出15%噻吩磺隆WP有效剂量36 g/hm~2对红花生长安全,且对红花田阔叶杂草防效最好。在田间验证试验的基础上,继续进行田间剂量优化试验确定合适的施用剂量范围,试验结果表明15%噻吩磺隆WP有效剂量27～36 g/hm~2对红花安全,株高抑制率小于15%,同时对田间阔叶杂草防效好。因此,红花田苗后除草可选用15%噻吩磺隆WP,推荐有效成分使用剂量27～36 g/hm~2;该药剂具有重要的应用前景。     

春麦田除草剂的应用与杂草群落演替

作者采用定点定位试验,对春麦田除草剂应用与杂草群落演替趋势进行研究。结果表明:在杂草群落多样性麦田,小麦连作并分别连续5年施用同一种除草剂,原杂草群落中占优势的靶标杂草得以控制,而非靶标杂草和抗、耐药性杂草因失去竞争和制约对象而猖獗发展,发生量较原来增加几倍至几十倍,并形成优势种群,对小麦造成新的更严重的危害。一种除草剂在同田块连续施用4年,由于杂草群落演替,抗、耐药杂草兴起,除草效果显著下降而失去其使用意义。作者提出除草剂配套使用、轮用、混用等措施,并配合以合理的轮作制度,以减轻杂草群落长期受到单一的定向选择性压力。     

3种除草剂对水稻旱直播阔叶杂草防效及安全性研究

为明确不同除草剂茎叶处理对旱直播水稻田旱生阔叶杂草防除及安全性的影响,采用随机区组试验设计,选用30% 2,4-滴丁酸钠盐AS、84%氯酯磺草胺WG、480 g/L灭草松AS 3种除草剂在水稻4叶期、5叶期施用,施药后每间隔7 d测定杂草株防效、鲜重防效和水稻目测药害,同步测定水稻生长指标和抗逆酶活性。结果表明:30% 2,4-滴丁酸钠盐AS 900.0 g/hm2在水稻4叶期的杂草防效最佳,第28天杂草株防效及鲜重防效仍可达93.55%和96.42%,且对大龄鸭跖草防效显著,施药后水稻生长与人工除草相比无显著差异。叶片SOD、POD活性和MDA含量均先升后降,至施药后28 d恢复正常。30% 2,4-滴丁酸钠盐AS 900.0 g/hm2可高效防除阔叶杂草,该药剂在水稻4叶期和5叶期施用对旱直播水稻安全。     

浙沪小麦田杂草调查及优势杂草化学防除技术研究

为了明确浙沪小麦田杂草发生情况及优势杂草控制技术,采用唐氏五级目测法和随机取样计数法相结合的方法,对上海和浙江的116块冬小麦田杂草进行了抽样调查,同时采用盆栽试验和田间小区试验测定了7种除草剂对主要危害杂草的防效。结果表明,浙沪冬小麦田共调查到杂草43种,隶属于14科,其中菊科杂草种类最多,有10种,其次是禾本科杂草9种,再次是石竹科杂草5种。杂草群落组成以禾本科杂草为主,优势杂草为日本看麦娘Alopecurus japonicus Steud.、菵草Beckmannia syzigachne(Steud.) Fern.、棒头草Polypogon fugax Nees ex Steud.、硬草Sclerochloa dura(L.) Beauv.、早熟禾Poa annua L.、鹅肠菜Myosoton aquaticum(L.) Moench、救荒野豌豆Vicia sativa L.、猪殃殃Galium spurium L.和小藜Chenopodium ficifolium Smith。室内除草活性及田间药效试验结果表明,日本看麦娘可用15%炔草酯WP、5%唑啉草酯EC、30 g/L...     

江苏省移栽油菜田杂草防治阈期研究

综合多点试验,建立移栽油菜栽后有草或无草天数与油菜产量损失率之间的函数关系,研究了江苏省油菜田杂草的防治阈期。结果表明：油菜栽后有草天数（x)与油菜产量损失率（y)之间符合方程y=26.09/(1 43.35e^-0.0417x),栽后无草天数（x)与油菜产量损失率（y)之间符合方程y=0.00001 26.52e^-0.0227x。江苏省油菜田杂草的防治阈期约为栽后41－96d,相当于油菜全生育期的19．5％－45．7％,油菜处于7－9叶期,此前田间杂草的发生量占总量的90％左右。在此阈期内保持田间无草,既能保证杂草造成的减产率低于3％,又能充分发挥杂草在田间生态系统中所起的积极作用。     

不同除草剂对稻田杂草群落演替的影响

为了明确除草剂对稻田杂草群落演替的影响,2001～2004年,连续4年施用7种稻田除草剂控制移栽稻田杂草,每年调查稻田杂草的种类、密度和鲜重,分析稻田杂草种群的变化.结果表明：连续使用同一除草剂对稻田杂草群落演替影响显著,靶标杂草的优势度值与药剂使用年限存在显著的线性或非线性关系：Y=a＋bx或Y=ax^2＋bx＋c;非靶标杂草优势度值与药剂使用年限呈极显著正相关线性关系.不同药剂处理的杂草群落有一定的差异,连续使用二元复配除草剂,杂草群落的均匀度和多样性指数分别为0.40～0.43和1.57～1.84,明显低于单剂处理和对照区,田间主要杂草是陌上菜、水苋、千金子和水莎草,其杂草的鲜重显著低于其它处理.     

26%氟磺胺草醚乙羧氟草醚水剂防除花生田阔叶杂草田间药效试验

为明确26%氟磺胺草醚.乙羧氟草醚水剂对花生田阔叶杂草的防除效果,掌握最佳使用剂量,对其进行了田间药效试验。结果表明,2 6%氟磺胺草醚.乙羧氟草醚水剂234~273 g/hm2对花生田阔叶杂草有明显的防除效果,茎叶喷雾处理15 d对试验地杂草的株防效可达85.7%~94.2%,30 d平均鲜重防效达86.3%~95.0%。