改善土壤通气性促进甘薯源库间光合产物运转的原因解析

为了明确土壤通气性对甘薯源库间光合产物运转的调控机制,本研究以淀粉型品种商薯19和济徐23为试验材料,设置疏松、对照和紧实3个处理进行大田试验,研究结果表明,与对照处理相比,疏松处理显著提高2个品种的块根产量和经济系数, 2年平均增幅分别为27.03%～38.74%和6.30%～13.05%,紧实处理则显著降低2个品种的块根产量和经济系数, 2年平均降幅分别为17.87%～15.92%和10.83%～15.63%。功能叶13C标记结果显示,疏松处理显著提高块根中光合产物的输入效率。疏松处理显著提高块根中蔗糖和淀粉含量,显著降低地上部器官中淀粉含量和茎中尤其是茎的中下部中蔗糖含量;紧实处理则显著降低块根中蔗糖和淀粉含量,而显著提高地上部器官蔗糖和淀粉含量,且茎中下部蔗糖含量增幅较大。疏松处理显著降低50～150d茎基部与茎顶部间和茎基部与块根间的蔗糖含量差;紧实处理则显著提高茎基部与茎顶部间和茎基部与块根间的蔗糖含量差,且茎基部与块根间蔗糖含量差的变幅大于茎基部与茎顶部间的蔗糖含量差。相关分析表明,茎基部与块根间、茎基部与茎顶部间蔗糖含量差与块根蔗糖和淀粉含量呈极显著负相关。说明改善土壤通气性可促进茎基部光合产物向块根的运转,提高块根中碳水化合物含量,增加块根产量。     

A STUDY ON HEAT AND MOISTURE STATE OF HULL LAYER FOR THERMAL INSTULATION OF A COLD STORAGE

This paper analyses the thermal moist characteristics of the hull layer beside an air layer at lower temperature in an envelope for a cold storage and presents a new method of waterproof by air layer. With test data from engineering practice, the theory on the barrier of self moisture proof at the surface sublayer of the hull layer in an attic on a cold storage is proven. The dried zone about three phase point is confirmed. It is a new knowledge for thermophysics on thermal design of a cold storage with an optimum thermal performance.     

Data Storage Technology of Furniture Product

This paper introduces the storage technology of ADO. Then the authors take the Furniture Computer Aided Design Software 3.0(FCADS3.0) as an example, and analyzes the design course and the data storage technology of furniture product. Then anew method is presented for data storage technology of furniture product. Thisa kind of way makes it true that data are saved during the products are being designed. Furthermore, it provides the technology support for design and manufacture of furniture and others. The experimental results testify that the approach is feasible.     

甘薯改良式贮藏库设计与贮藏效果

改良式贮藏库是在原有甘薯高温屋窖的基础上,结合节能日光温室结构改建而成,该贮藏库增设了节能缓冲间,采用复合异质墙体和外部增加防寒沟,经温度等效应分析和贮藏试验分析,适合甘薯的长期贮藏。该库贮藏甘薯144天后,好薯率为94．8％,硬度为60．61kg／cm^2,其它指标均好于对照组。     

参鸡汤产品货架期预测研究

研究不同储藏温度下参鸡汤的品质动力学,建立参鸡汤品质指标与货架期寿命的数学模型;采用加速破坏性试验方法(提高储藏温度至40、50℃),预测参鸡汤产品的货架期寿命;通过对菌落总数、硫代巴比妥酸值、挥发性盐基氮及感官品质的测定和观察,确定影响参鸡汤保质期的指标。结果表明:在储藏期间,随温度的升高,参鸡汤的菌落总数和挥发性盐基氮的变化不大,而脂质氧化指标(硫代巴比妥酸反应产物值TBARS)呈上升趋势,说明TBARS最能反映参鸡汤品质的变化情况,可作为确定产品保质期的指标;确定当TBARS达到3 mg/kg时的时间作为参鸡汤的货架寿命期限;根据Arrhenius方程,得产品预测货架期模型θS(25)=θS(40)/Q10(25-40)/10=18.35,即预测25℃条件下参鸡汤的货架期可以达到18个月,期间基本能够保持参鸡汤的原有品质。     

Simulation Study of Water Quality for the Three Gorges Reservoir in Chongqing

In order to survey the degree of stability of dangerous rock slope and get reliable theoretical foundation about the slope restoration, earth stress measuring is performed in the engineering project through drilling on the slope surface. The survey is conducted by means of complete temperature compensation and automatic recording. In terms of experimental data, the computing ram of earth stress works out the magnitude, direction, inclination of the earth stress and their distribution. The result supplies theoretical base for the design and working of slope and dangerous rock control engineering, which has been proved to fine effects in the fields of society, security,environment, and economy in its practice.     

Technology of Stress Relief by Overcoring Used in Dangerous Rock Slope

In order to survey the degree of stability of dangerous rock slope and get reliable theoretical foundation about the slope restoration, earth stress measuring is performed in the engineering project through drilling on the slope surface. The survey is conducted by means of complete temperature compensation and automatic recording. In terms of experimental data, the computing ram of earth stress works out the magnitude, direction, inclination of the earth stress and their distribution. The result supplies theoretical base for the design and working of slope and dangerous rock control engineering, which has been proved to fine effects in the fields of society, security,environment, and economy in its practice.     

Research and implementation on WNXD database storage strategy

For the drawbacks of NativeXML, such as low data storage performance, low efficiency of querying and updating, a new kind of semi-structured information storage model, named WNXD, is proposed. The dynamic invert-sorting technique and data imaging mechanism are introduced to combine the record and the page storage mode, three structured indexes are established to achieve structural and dynamic growth with different ways. A practical storage mode is created to provide a comprehensive access strategy from global to local, and from elements, attributes to values, which guarantees effective and complete data storage, especially for the data with different types. The query number decreases I/O and the system performace is improved.     

Quality and internal characteristics of Huanghua pears (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai, cv. Huanghua) treated with different kinds of coatings during storage

We studied the quality and internal changes in Huanghua pears (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai, cv. Huanghua) coated with shellac, Semperfresh™ (sucrose polyester base coating), and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) during cold storage (4 °C). The changes in respiration rate, weight loss, cell membrane permeability and texture profile analysis (TPA) such as hardness, brittleness and chewiness were recorded periodically for up to 60 days after harvest to compare the effects of the applied coatings. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was used to inspect the internal characteristics of pears after storage. The soluble solids contents (SSCs), titratable acidity (TA), ascorbic acid concentration, and taste scores were also measured. Our data suggest that shellac coating was more effective in reducing the respiration rate and weight loss and in maintaining the quality of pears than Semperfresh and CMC coatings.     

Determination of Papacity of Ice Making Chiller

How to optimize ice storage fraction and determine ice making mode a common method of selecting capacity of chillers now. In view of this situation, a new kind of method on determining of ice making mode of chiller is introduced according to types of chiller and ice storage. Formula of capacity of chiller are given under the full storage, partial storage and chiller priority control, partial storage and ice priority control. The important conclusion that ice storage fraction is independent on capacity of chiller under specified control is obtained. It is very important to determine properly capacit of chiller and ice making mode in order to design reasonably ice storage system. An engineering example is discussed in detail.     

全麦面包的储存稳定性研究

以加麦为材料,采用麸皮回添的方法制备3种不同麸皮比例(10%,20%,30%)的全麦粉,测定3种全麦粉及加麦面粉的基本理化指标和流变学指标。在相同条件下,储存3种全麦粉及加麦面粉制成的面包成品,测定不同时间段面包的品质指标,为全麦面包的长期储存提供数据支持,并找到适合做面包的最佳麸皮回添比例。结果表明,回添10%麸皮的全麦粉的各项性质指标较好,做出的面包质量最好;在面包储存过程中,麸皮回添量越大,面包体积、色泽及质构等指标越差,面包越易变质。室温下,全麦面包可储存6 d;冷冻条件下,全麦面包可储存14 d。     

湖南农户储粮综合技术核心示范基地储粮现状调查

为配合"粮食主产区农户储粮减损关键技术创新与示范"项目的实施,在湖南省农户科学储粮核心示范区对农户进行储粮现状抽样调查,调查结果表明,随着国家"粮食丰产科技工程"(产后)和"农户科学储粮专项"的实施,农户科学储粮意识有所提高,示范基地科学储粮仓使用率高达84.0%,农户平均储粮损失率降低至4.13%。但是,农村储粮技术服务体系不健全,农户储粮防虫杀虫药剂市场处于空白,同时,部分农户仍然存在重产轻储、储粮设施简陋等现状,造成8.76%~10.50%的粮食产后损失率。     

STUDY ON THE PROCESS OF MASS LOSS FOR FRUIT IN A COLD STORAGE

This paper discusses the procesa of mass lase for fruit in a cold storage with theo-ry of mass transfer and shows that fruit mass loss under constant storage temperature is relative tothe temperature,humidity and moisture diffusive factor,which can give theoretical base for some ac-tual methods for measuring technique decreasing mass loss.     

河北省柏乡县土地整理项目的碳排放效应研究

为研究土地整理项目中的碳排放效应,明确土地整理的碳排放及其测算方法,分析土地整理碳减排潜力,以河北省柏乡县固城店镇土地整理项目区为研究区域,基于能源消费及土地利用变化,采用IPCC清单法,分析土地整理施工工程中包含土地平整工程、灌溉和排水工程、田间道路工程以及农田防护工程4个方面的碳排放及区域土地利用变化导致的碳排放。结果表明：柏乡县土地整理项目能源消费导致的碳排放总量为469.77 tC,土地平整工程的碳排放比例最大,高达78.44%,田间道路工程及灌溉和排水工程分别占15.69%,5.86%。从单位投资额碳排放量和单位投资比率的碳排放比例上看,田间道路工程和灌溉与排水工程投资的生态效应优于土地平整工程。柏乡县土地整理导致的土地利用变化使得区域土壤和植被碳储量增加了748.58 tC,其中未利用土地的碳储量变化最大。土地利用结构调整后增加的碳储量是整个施工过程中的碳排放量的1.59倍。柏乡县土地整理后项目区碳储量增加了278.81 tC,表现出碳汇效应。研究结果表明,为了降低土地整理的碳排放量,应当减少土地平整工程量,提倡使用清洁型燃料,并优先考虑碳密度较低的地类作为耕地来源,并在耕种过程中减少化肥和农药施用量,提高耕地产能。     

Exploration of Constructions of Enterprise Knowledge Management Systems

knowledge management is an effective method to improve the enterprise's competitive ability. To construct knowledge system is the base for the performance of knowledge management. According to the theory and method of system engineering, information system and information management, this paper gives an architecture of enterprise knowledge management system basing on management information system. The architecture includes several main parts, such as knowledge base, knowledge base management system, people for knowledge management and users. A function structure of knowledge management system is given too.     

The impact of biological variation on postharvest behaviour: The case of dynamic temperature conditions

The postharvest handling chain is characterised by temperature conditions that are generally not constant throughout the chain. On top of this, postharvest research is dealing with large sources of biological variation. This paper outlines a general model approach of how to account for the propagation of biological variation when analysing experimental postharvest data gathered at dynamic temperature conditions. The proposed technique was applied to experimental data on colour change of tomatoes cv. ‘Tradiro’. The previously developed multivariate stochastic approach was combined with a transformation of real time into physiological time to account for the effect of dynamic temperature conditions. The developed model has the capability to describe the complex batch behaviour showing propagation of biological variation in tomato colour as a function of time and dynamically changing temperature during postharvest storage. This makes the current approach extremely suitable for application in real life situations when evaluating and optimising a logistic handling chain.     

谷物储藏中静态载荷的几个理论的分析与比较

谷物储藏中的结构载荷是粮食储藏工程、粮仓设计与制造中的重要问题。本文概述了适用于浅仓中谷物静态载荷的两个理论;Rankine理论和Coulomb理论：适用于深仓中谷物静态载荷的Janssen方程和Reimbert理论。并进行了分析与比较。     

A Linkage Approach to Industrial Location

Access to markets and raw materials is nearly always mentioned in industrial location studies as an important locational factor. This article demonstrates a methodological approach based on inter-industry linkages and using secondary data to identify target industries for economic development initiatives. In this application we characterize Alabama's industrial base, identify industries with strong forward and backward linkages to base Alabama industries, and highlight a subset of especially good prospects.     

我国果蔬物流保鲜产业的现状与发展战略思考

阐述了"十二五"中后期我国果蔬物流保鲜产业的地位和作用、存在的问题与发展战略思考,提出进一步落实国家已制订的相关发展规划,配套相应政策并加大资金扶持力度;发展适合我国国情的果蔬物流保鲜产业体系;提高果蔬生产的区域化、集约化与组织化程度;研发多种高新物流保鲜装备、材料与技术;增强果蔬物流企业的经济与技术基础,提高标准化、信息化、装备化和生物化技术的应用程度;建立果蔬物流保鲜全程控制技术体系,完善果蔬冷链流通技术体系等六大战略举措,以期实现我国果蔬物流保鲜产业又好又快的发展。     

专业学位研究生联合培养实践基地建设探讨

研究生联合培养基地是实现专业学位研究生创新实践能力培养的重要保障。以河南工业大学粮油食品学院为例,论述了食品工程专业学位研究生联合培养基地建设的必要性及成效,同时分析了实践基地建设目前存在的问题,并从建设数量、培养模式和考核机制等方面提出了相应的对策。