动物福利与我国的畜牧生产

随着畜牧业的快速发展和国际贸易自由化进程的加快,动物福利对我国畜牧业发展的影响越来越大。阐述了动物福利的概念、实施动物福利的现实意义,指出了我国畜禽福利所存在的问题,并提出了相关改善措施。     

我国肉牛业动物福利的现状及发展建议

当前我国肉牛业正处于积极向上发展的良好势头。在肉牛产业化生产中充分重视动物福利要求,提高牛肉产品的质量,在更大范围和更深层次上参与国际竞争是肉牛业发展的必然趋势。本文就我国肉牛生产中存在的系列动物福利问题进行剖析和阐述,具体包括初生犊牛护理、育成牛和架子牛的饲养、育肥牛场的管理、出栏牛的运输和屠宰问题。继而针对该系列问题,提出当前我国肉牛产业化生产中应采取的对策和建议措施,以提高从业人员的动物福利意识,促进肉牛生产中动物福利工作的开展。为我国肉牛业从容应对国际动物福利贸易壁垒,提升国际市场竞争力提供借鉴和指导。     

Effects of lairage time after road transport on some blood indicators of welfare and meat quality traits in sheep

The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different lairage time after 8 h road transport on some blood indicators of welfare and meat quality traits in sheep. A total of 84 Ujimqin male sheep (average body weight 27.5 kg, 6 months old) were randomly allotted to one of seven groups: one control group (untransported) and six lairage groups (8 h road transport with 0, 2, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h lairage times respectively). No significant lairage time effects were observed on weight loss. Sheep in 48 h group showed lower hot carcass weight, dressing percentage and higher pH_{24 h} than that in other groups. The total haem pigment contents in sheep meat rose and were higher in 24 and 48 h groups than that in the control group. After transport, sheep in 0, 2, 24 and 48 h groups showed higher serum creatine kinase activities, cortisol and glucose concentrations than that in control group. Sheep in lairage groups had higher serum triiodothyronine and thyroxine levels compared with the control sheep. Sheep in 48 h group showed significant higher packed cell volume, total protein and blood urea nitrogen than that in other groups. Compared with the control group, the white blood cell counts were higher in 0 and 48 h groups. The neutrophil counts in 24 or 48 h groups were higher than that in the control group. The opposite was true for lymphocyte counts. A 6–12 h lairage is recommended in terms of the present transported pattern.     

肉牛运输应激危害及动物福利化预防措施

肉牛的运输福利是关乎内蒙古地区畜牧业发展的重要因素之一,作为畜牧业大省,内蒙古地区每年都进行大量的调运肉牛操作,不规范的运输会引起动物发生应激反应,进而使肉品质的下降。因此在实际生产中应注重运输环节的动物福利问题。文章通过总结实践和经验,分析了内蒙古地区肉牛运输中存在的问题及其危害,并提出了运输过程中的福利化预防措施,以其为改善肉牛运输福利提供参考。     

论动物环境与生产系统学科的发展

我国的畜牧业发展已经进入新的时期,动物环境与生产系统已经成为新的重要研究领域。以典型大学或研究所为代表,介绍其开展家畜生态、家畜生产系统、动物行为与福利研究的领域及进展,提出构建我国动物环境与生产系统学科的必要性。动物环境与生产系统学科的研究目标和内容主要应围绕牧业资源与可持续畜牧业和家畜生态与环境友好畜牧业、家畜生产系统与有机畜牧业。     

内蒙古牧区放牧羊的福利养殖现状分析

内蒙古牧区放牧羊来自天然大草原, 以其肉质鲜美、多汁、无膻味、绿色无污染而享誉国内外。面对发达国家日益加剧的“动物福利”贸易壁垒, 打造内蒙古福利肉羊品牌, 打破世界贸易壁垒, 提高内蒙古肉羊产业的国际竞争力已迫在眉睫。对内蒙古牧区放牧羊的福利养殖现状进行分析评估, 以期为加速推进内蒙古牧区放牧羊福利养殖提供参考。     

Skin Injuries on the Body and Thigh of Dairy Cows: Associations with Season,Claw Health,Disease Treatment,and other Cow Characteristics

An epidemiological study was conducted in 18 dairy herds with the objective to characterize those groups of cows where skin injuries to the body and thighs occurred most frequently. Data were analyzed with multivariable logistic regression. The epidemiologic patterns were different in first and later lactations. In first lactation some degree of injury occurred among 7.7% of 1793 cows. For most cows occurrence of sole ulcer was positively associated with injury while occurrence of heel horn erosion was negatively associated with injury. The association between injury and body weight differed depending on month of calving (significant interaction). Injuries occurred most frequently among high yielding cows. Severe reproductive, metabolic, and/or infectious diseases were associated with injuries. In later lactations some degree of injury occurred among 13.4% of 832 cows in lactations 2 to 9 where severity of injury increased with lactation number. Injuries occurred least frequently at examinations made in the January to March. They occurred most frequently among cows with sole ulcers. Calving in March through October was associated with injuries especially if the cows were treated for limb disorders. Most cases of injuries occurred early or late in lactation or among high or very low yielding cows in lactations 2 to 9.     

高产奶牛福利

近20年，荷斯坦牛成为优势奶牛品种，营养改善促使奶牛产奶量大幅度增加，工厂化管理致使奶牛运动量减少、生产性疾病频发，奶牛康乐受到严重威胁，因此，改善高产奶牛福利的呼声高涨。本文以生产性疾患为中心，从规模化生产、遗传改良、畜舍环境等角度讨论了高产奶牛的福利问题。     

动物福利在肉牛生产中的应用现状与展望

规模化、集约化肉牛养殖方式在一定程度上可以降低生产成本,是提高生产效益的有效途径。然而,集中式、拴系式、高密度的生产方式下,常常导致肉牛的动物福利得不到有效保障,会对肉牛的生长和健康产生不利影响。改善肉牛动物福利可提高生产性能和养殖效益,实现绿色健康可持续发展。文章介绍了动物福利的概念、肉牛在饲养管理中的福利标准要求,以及在肉牛养殖过程中动物福利的重要意义,同时对我国肉牛生产福利的研究发展进行了展望,以期为生产实际提供指导和参考。     

安徽省宿州市畜禽屠宰行业现状

为了解畜禽屠宰行业发展现状,安徽宿州市以全国畜禽屠宰信息管理系统数据为基础,通过对宿州市畜禽屠宰企业进行调研,分析了畜禽屠宰行业和监管现状,指出了检疫监管力量不足、生猪屠宰产能过剩、牛羊屠宰规模化程度低等问题,针对性地提出了加强监管队伍建设,强化监管技术手段,加快转型升级,统筹规划牛羊禽屠宰产业等策略,以期为畜禽屠宰行业监管和发展提供参考。     

The assessment of the effect of presenting a companion's face picture on social isolation stress using saliva sampling in cows

The effect of presenting a companion's face picture on social isolation stress was assessed by saliva sampling in cows. Three Japanese Black test cows and another companion cow were used. At 09.00 hours, one of the test cows was housed in an experimental pen with the companion in a neighboring pen. At 11.30 hours, the test cow was socially isolated by taking the companion out the neighboring pen. At 12.00 hours, the test cow was exposed to one of four treatments until 15.00 hours; presenting a blank picture (P‐Blank), a white‐ground picture of the companion's face (P‐Com) or an unfamiliar Holstein's face (P‐Hol), or the companion in the neighboring pen and a blank picture (Com). The cows were randomly exposed to all treatments. The cows' saliva were sampled for measuring salivary cortisol and chromogranin A concentrations (Sa‐Cort, Sa‐ChA) at 11.30, 12.00, 12.30 and 14.00 hours. At 12.00 hours, Sa‐ChA was higher than that at 11.30 hours (P < 0.01). At 12.30 hours Sa‐ChA of Com and P‐Com were lower than that of P‐Blank (P = 0.09, P = 0.08). At 14.00 hours Sa‐Cort of Com was lower than that of P‐Blank (P < 0.01), but Sa‐Cort of P‐Com was higher than that of P‐Blank (P < 0.01). It is suggested that P‐Com might decrease isolation stress only a short time, but afterward induced stress in cows.