氨化、青贮秸秆饲料体外消化率比较

试验选用稻草、玉米秸、甘蔗尾为主要原料,分别采用氨化、青贮、外加植物乳酸菌青贮3种处理方法,经体外消化,从干物质、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、纤维素、半纤维素、酸性洗涤木质素等方面进行对比研究,以探求这3种秸秆适宜的处理方法.     

添加乳酸菌对稻草与苜蓿混合微贮消化率的影响

运用体外消化试验技术,通过对不同原料比例和乳酸菌添加量的稻草与苜蓿混合微贮中干物质(DM)、粗蛋白(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)体外消化率的测定,研究了不同乳酸菌添加水平对稻草与苜蓿混合微贮处理效果的影响。结果显示:乳酸菌的添加可以有效改善稻草与苜蓿混合微贮的体外消化率,尤以稻草与苜蓿按照1∶2的比例混合后按5 g/t的比例添加乳酸菌制剂的微贮效果最优。     

添加剂对籽粒苋与豆粕混合青贮品质的影响

为了评价不同添加剂对籽粒苋与豆粕混合青贮品质的影响,在72%籽粒苋与28%豆粕混合青贮中分别添加糖蜜、乳酸菌、纤维素复合酶、糖蜜+乳酸菌、糖蜜+纤维素复合酶、乳酸菌+纤维素复合酶、糖蜜+乳酸菌+纤维素复合酶;以等量水为空白对照组,青贮30 d后进行开包取样并分析各项指标。结果表明,添加糖蜜、糖蜜+乳酸菌、糖蜜+纤维素复合酶或糖蜜+乳酸菌+纤维素复合酶处理组均较对照改善了籽粒苋与豆粕混合青贮的发酵品质和营养品质,显著降低了pH值、干物质损失率、洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤木质素含量,显著提高了可溶性碳水化合物含量和相对饲用价值(P0.05)。乳酸菌、纤维素复合酶及乳酸菌+纤维素复合酶处理组pH值、洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤木质素含量均显著高于对照(P0.05)。综合评价,建议籽粒苋与豆粕混合青贮时添加糖蜜或复合添加糖蜜与乳酸菌或纤维素复合酶。     

添加剂对籽粒苋与豆粕混合青贮品质的影响

为了评价不同添加剂对籽粒苋与豆粕混合青贮品质的影响,在72%籽粒苋与28%豆粕混合青贮中分别添加糖蜜、乳酸菌、纤维素复合酶、糖蜜+乳酸菌、糖蜜+纤维素复合酶、乳酸菌+纤维素复合酶、糖蜜+乳酸菌+纤维素复合酶;以等量水为空白对照组,青贮30 d后进行开包取样并分析各项指标。结果表明,添加糖蜜、糖蜜+乳酸菌、糖蜜+纤维素复合酶或糖蜜+乳酸菌+纤维素复合酶处理组均较对照改善了籽粒苋与豆粕混合青贮的发酵品质和营养品质,显著降低了pH值、干物质损失率、洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤木质素含量,显著提高了可溶性碳水化合物含量和相对饲用价值(P<0.05)。乳酸菌、纤维素复合酶及乳酸菌+纤维素复合酶处理组pH值、洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤木质素含量均显著高于对照(P<0.05)。综合评价,建议籽粒苋与豆粕混合青贮时添加糖蜜或复合添加糖蜜与乳酸菌或纤维素复合酶。     

纤维素酶及乳酸菌对棉花秸秆青贮饲料发酵品质及体外消化率的影响

本试验旨在探讨纤维素酶和乳酸菌对棉花秸秆青贮饲料发酵品质及体外消化率的影响,采用裹包青贮技术,在不添加或添加纤维素酶的条件下分别设置对照(CK)、添加植物乳杆菌(LP)和干酪乳杆菌(LC)共6个青贮处理,发酵60 d后取各处理样品进行相关指标的测定和分析。结果表明:青贮处理可有效降低棉花秸秆中的游离棉酚含量;添加纤维素酶可显著降低棉花秸秆青贮饲料的pH、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维和半纤维素(P <0.05),添加乳酸菌则显著增加棉花秸秆青贮饲料中的乳酸、乙酸、丙酸和V-score(P <0.05);乳酸菌、纤维素酶和乳酸菌的互作效应可显著增加棉花秸秆青贮饲料的体外粗蛋白消化率、体外中性洗涤纤维消化率和产气量(P <0.05)。综合各指标来看,以添加纤维素酶的植物乳杆菌处理获得的棉花秸秆青贮饲料发酵品质较好,且48 h累积产气量最高。     

不同发酵类型乳酸菌对玉米青贮发酵品质的影响

为探讨同型乳酸菌和异型乳酸菌对饲料专用玉米青贮发酵品质和体外消化率的改善效果,以饲料专用玉米为原料,植物乳杆菌和肠膜状明串株葡聚糖亚种为添加剂,分别设置无添加组(CK组)、添加植物乳杆菌组(LP组)和添加肠膜状明串珠菌聚糖亚种组(LD组),塑料罐密封青贮60 d后分析。结果表明:在添加乳酸菌的各组中,pH都明显降低,其中LP组产乳酸最多,LD组产乙酸和粗蛋白的量显著高于其他组(P0.05)。在各组中LP组产生乳酸菌最多,霉菌和酵母的数量最少。中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤木质素、半纤维素和灰分的含量LP组最高。LP作为青贮添加剂在处理饲用玉米时体外消化率最高。     

不同添加剂对杂交狼尾草青贮效果的影响研究

分别利用纤维素酶、乳酸杆菌微生物制剂、‘贮宝1号’纤维素降解菌液作为青贮添加剂进行青贮生产利用研究,试验设4个处理,分别为处理1（CK）：青贮原料中不添加微生物菌剂;处理2：青贮原料中添加纤维素酶;处理3：青贮原料中添加纤维素降解菌液;处理4：青贮原料中添加乳酸菌剂。经30d青贮发酵。结果表明：各种青贮添加剂均能降低青贮饲料的pH和NH3-N含量,显著提高乳酸含量;在营养品质方面,处理2～4组粗蛋白含量分别比CK提高了6.73%、9.20%和16.35%,差异均达到显著水平（P〈0.05）;处理2纤维素降解效果最好,中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量分别比CK降低了17.72%和12.19%。试验结果显示,3种微生物菌剂均能显著改善杂交狼尾草青贮发酵效果,提升青贮饲料营养品质。     

乳酸菌与纤维素分解菌混合菌剂对玉米青贮饲料发酵品质的影响

研究本科研组分离得到的高效乳酸菌和纤维素分解菌混合菌剂对玉米秸秆青贮饲料发酵品质的影响。实验中设计无微生物添加的对照组和分别以1%、2%、3%比例添加的乳酸菌和纤维素分解菌混合添加处理组进行青贮饲料的发酵实验,并检测其化学成分及有机酸含量。饲用高效乳酸菌与纤维素分解菌混合添加到青贮饲料可降低饲料p H值3.8以下。各个处理组乳酸、乙酸含量显著高于对照组(P0.05),乳酸含量比对照组平均提高了62.3%。粗蛋白(CP)含量显著高于对照组(P0.05),最高可达到15.86%,干物质含量(DM),中性洗涤纤维(NDF),酸性洗涤木质素(ADL),纤维素和半纤维素含量明显下降(P0.05)。可以确定本研究所用乳酸菌、纤维素分解菌混合添加到玉米秸秆青贮饲料中可显著提高青贮饲料发酵品质和营养价值。     

复合乳酸菌制剂对玉米秸秆青贮饲料品质的影响

为研究乳酸菌制剂对玉米秸秆青贮品质的影响,试验共设4个处理组,试验Ⅰ组为玉米秸秆+10 g/t复合乳酸菌制剂;试验Ⅱ组为玉米秸秆+20 g/t复合乳酸菌制剂;试验Ⅲ组为玉米秸秆+40 g/t复合乳酸菌制剂;对照组为玉米秸秆.结果表明:试验Ⅱ组粗蛋白质含量显著高于对照组,而中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量均低于对照组(P>0.05).试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组pH都显著低于对照组,而乳酸含量均显著高于对照组.与其他组相比,试验Ⅱ组氨态氮和丁酸含量最低,但差异不显著.综合认为,添加复合乳酸菌制剂可改善玉米秸秆青贮品质,并以20 g/t添加水平效果最好.     

不同水分及乳酸菌处理对玉米秸秆黄贮发酵指标和体外干物质消失率的影响

为了研究添加乳酸菌与否和水分含量的多少对玉米秸秆黄贮发酵品质和体外干物质消失率的影响,试验采用两因素试验设计(水分处理4×乳酸菌处理2),其中水分处理分别为50%、55%、60%、65%,再进行乳酸菌添加和非添加处理,即乳酸菌组和对照组。通过小规模发酵法,在室温条件下保存30 d后开封,测定黄贮的感官品质、化学成分、发酵品质、微生物组成和体外干物质消失率。结果表明:与对照组相比,乳酸菌组黄贮的乳酸、有机物、粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量显著提高(P0.05),pH值及耐热菌、酵母菌数、大肠杆菌数、丁酸菌数显著降低(P0.05),体外干物质消失率和产气量提高;不同水分处理间秸秆黄贮的粗蛋白、粗脂肪、酸性洗涤纤维、乳酸含量及酵母菌数、大肠杆菌数、丁酸菌数差异显著(P0.05),在水分为60%时粗蛋白含量最高、酸性洗涤纤维最低、酵母菌数最少,而粗脂肪和乳酸含量随水分升高而增高。说明在添加乳酸菌及水分为60%时玉米秸秆黄贮的发酵品质最好。     

Complications and survival associated with surgical compared with medical management of horses with duodenitis-proximal jejunitis

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Based on clinical observation, it is hypothesised that horses with duodenitis-proximal jejunitis (DPJ) that are treated surgically have a shorter duration, smaller volume, and slower rate of nasogastric reflux (NGR) compared to horses treated medically, are more likely to develop diarrhoea than medically managed cases, and have a higher incisional infection rate than a sample population of horses undergoing abdominal exploration for gastrointestinal disease other than DPJ. OBJECTIVES: To compare: 1) duration, volume and rate of NGR and the percentage of horses with diarrhoea between medically and surgically treated DPJ cases; and 2) incisional infection rate in horses with DPJ undergoing abdominal exploration to a sample population of horses undergoing abdominal exploration for gastrointestinal disease other than DPJ. METHODS: Medical records of cases with DPJ diagnosed 1995-2006 were reviewed. Information obtained included subject details, presenting clinical findings, treatment category (medical/surgical), complications (diarrhoea, incisional infection), and outcome (survival/nonsurvival). Data were analysed using a Chi-squared test and a mixed model analysis of variance. Level of significance was P<0.05. RESULTS: Compared to medical cases, surgical cases had significantly decreased survival, a longer duration and larger total volume of NGR, and were more likely to develop diarrhoea. The incisional infection rate for horses with DPJ undergoing abdominal exploration was 16% compared to 7% for the sample population of horses. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical treatment of horses with DPJ did not lead to resolution of NGR faster than medical treatment. Surgical cases were more likely to develop diarrhoea and did not have a significantly higher incisional infection rate than the sample population.     

Serum triglyceride concentration in dogs with epilepsy treated with phenobarbital or with phenobarbital and bromide

OBJECTIVE: To compare serum triglyceride concentrations obtained after food had been withheld (i.e., fasting concentrations) in dogs with epilepsy that had been treated long term (> or = 3 months) with phenobarbital or with phenobarbital and potassium bromide with concentrations in healthy control dogs. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. ANIMALS: 57 epileptic dogs that had been treated with phenobarbital (n=28) or with phenobarbital and bromide (29) and 57 healthy, untreated control dogs matched on the basis of age, breed, sex, neuter status, and body condition score. PROCEDURES: Blood samples were collected after food had been withheld for at least 12 hours, and serum biochemical and lipid concentrations were determined. Oral fat tolerance tests were performed in 15 control dogs and 9 dogs with epilepsy treated with phenobarbital alone. RESULTS: 19 of the 57 (33%) epileptic dogs had fasting serum triglyceride concentrations greater than the upper reference limit. Nine (16%) dogs had a history of pancreatitis, and 5 of the 9 had high fasting serum triglyceride concentrations at the time of the study. A significant relationship was found between body condition score and fasting serum triglyceride concentration in all dogs, but serum triglyceride concentration was not significantly associated with phenobarbital dosage or serum phenobarbital concentration. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggested that dogs treated long term with phenobarbital or with phenobarbital and bromide may develop hypertriglyceridemia. Fasting serum triglyceride concentration should be periodically monitored in dogs treated with phenobarbital because hypertriglyceridemia is a risk factor for pancreatitis.     

资源环保安全优质节约谁能一肩挑——镇江市土著菌养鸡访谈录

三月底一个风和日丽的日子,我们去镇江采访土著菌养鸡的情况。对于土著菌,我们并不佰生,因为,我们几年前就报道过镇江广电总局基地的土著菌养鸡。只是那时镇江的主要精力放在稻鸭共作的研究和推广上,这几年土著菌养鸡养猪才被越来越多的人重视起来。不但如此,镇江人又用推广稻鸭共作的热情推广起土著菌养鸡养猪来。     

Long-term treatment with carprofen of 805 dogs with osteoarthritis

The pain-relieving effect of carprofen and tolerance to the drug were investigated in 805 dogs that were lame as a result of osteoarthritis. The dogs were of different breeds, ages and bodyweights and of both sexes, and were selected from 51 veterinary clinics. Each dog was treated orally by its owner with 4 mg/kg carprofen for 84 consecutive days. Twenty-four dogs were removed from the study because of side effects, and 55 left the study for reasons unrelated to the treatment. The condition of the dogs and the benefit of the treatment were evaluated by the veterinary surgeons and the owners after 14 days, and at the end of the period of treatment, when 194 of the dogs (26.7 per cent) were no longer lame, and 357 (49.2 per cent) had improved. The period for which the dogs had been lame before entering the study significantly (P<0.01) affected the results and the rate of improvement. Too much exercise during the 84 days of treatment caused some dogs to relapse.     

Prognostic factors associated with survival in dogs with lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis

Prognostic factors associated with survival in dogs with lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis (LPE) were investigated through a retrospective study. Using case records, 48 dogs diagnosed with LPE were classified as survivors (n = 32) or non-survivors (n = 16), and the clinical and clinicopathological parameters were reviewed between the 2 groups by using univariate and multivariate prognostic analysis. Compared to the hospital population, non-survivors had an overrepresentation of the Shiba breed. Results of univariate analysis indicated that anorexia, severe weight loss, packed cell volume, and total protein were significantly associated with survival for 6 months after diagnosis. In multivariate analysis, anorexia and hypoproteinemia were significantly associated with survival. Furthermore, initial response to treatment was strongly associated with poor prognosis. Based on these clinical and laboratory parameters such as anorexia, hypoproteinemia and initial response to treatment, it may be possible to predict poor prognosis in canine LPE.