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1.
Alex Mark Lechner Thomas Baumgartl Phil Matthew Vanessa Glenn 《Land Degradation u0026amp; Development》2016,27(6):1650-1663
Coal mining and agriculture have repeatedly come into conflict when they co‐occur. Although seemingly benign when compared with surface mining, underground coal extraction techniques (including longwall mining) cause subsidence of agricultural land and loss of productivity. Despite growing concerns for global food security and increasing demand for coal resources, there is little peer‐reviewed literature on the impacts of longwall mining in prime agricultural areas. In this paper, we examined the present knowledge of subsidence impacts of longwall mining on agriculture and how this may be interpreted for specific locations such as Australia. The review found that subsidence affects soil properties, hydrology and topography. The main impacts on agriculture are altered soil and groundwater hydrology, modified topography associated with increased erosion or waterlogging risk, and zones of compaction or cracking that cause soil physical and chemical changes. Agricultural productivity is also reduced through altering the types of farming practices that are suited to subsided non‐uniform landscapes, decreasing farming efficiency through increasing paddock heterogeneity and decreasing ease of workability. There is a need to consider these multiple impacts under local conditions, with particular regard to the interaction of mine subsidence‐associated disturbances with farming practices. We conclude by describing future research directions required for Australia and other countries outside of the USA—where most of the research has been conducted. Australia has unique soil and climatic conditions making extrapolation of studies from the USA on subsidence impacts and mitigation problematic. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
2.
《Land Degradation u0026amp; Development》2018,29(3):471-484
Much research has been carried out on modelling soil erosion rates under different climatic and land use conditions. Although some studies have addressed the issue of reduced crop productivity due to soil erosion, few have focused on the economic loss in terms of agricultural production and gross domestic product (GDP). In this study, soil erosion modellers and economists come together to carry out an economic evaluation of soil erosion in the European Union (EU). The study combines biophysical and macroeconomic models to estimate the cost of agricultural productivity loss due to soil erosion by water in the EU. The soil erosion rates, derived from the RUSLE2015 model, are used to estimate the loss in crop productivity (physical change in the production of plants) and to model their impact on the agricultural sector per country. A computable general equilibrium model is then used to estimate the impact of crop productivity change on agricultural production and GDP. The 12 million hectares of agricultural areas in the EU that suffer from severe erosion are estimated to lose around 0.43% of their crop productivity annually. The annual cost of this loss in agricultural productivity is estimated at around €1.25 billion. The computable general equilibrium model estimates the cost in the agricultural sector to be close to €300 million and the loss in GDP to be about €155 million. Italy emerges as the country that suffers the highest economic impact, whereas the agricultural sector in most Northern and Central European countries is only marginally affected by soil erosion losses. 相似文献
3.
在调查的基础上,评述了六道沟流域影响农业生产的土地、土壤、气候等因素,分析了当前作物生产的结构与布局、耕作制,水肥的管理状况和存在的主要问题。讨论了农业生产发展方向及提高作物生产的措施。 相似文献
4.
在区域气候数据库和作物生产数据库支持下,通过光、温、水、土、施肥、灌溉、社会等因子的逐步衰减,建立基于GIS的作物生产潜力的估算方法,并定量分析江苏地区作物单产潜力、潜力系数和总产潜力及区域作物生产的开发优势。结果表明：江苏省作物开发优势由北向南逐渐增大。就作物而论,棉花开发优势最大,油菜最小,粮食居中。就经济区而论,粮油棉开发优势不同,粮食：太湖区>沿江区>沿海区>宁镇扬区>两淮区>徐连区,棉花：太湖区>沿海区>沿江区>宁镇扬区>徐连区>两淮区,油料：太湖区>宁镇扬区>沿江区>沿海区>两淮区>徐连区。就同一经济区而论,粮油棉的开发优势也不同,徐连区：棉花>粮食>油料;两淮区：棉花最大,粮食和油料相当;宁镇扬区：油料最大,粮食和棉花相当;沿江区：粮油棉的开发优势相当;太湖区：棉花最大,粮食、油料相当;沿海区：棉花>粮食>油料。 相似文献
5.
India's 2013 National Food Security Act identifies Anganwadi centers (the courtyard shelter) as responsible for ensuring the food and nutrition for mothers and children. This article proposes four essential reforms that must take place to revitalize the languishing Anganwadi system: (a) strengthen implementation of the Integrated Child and Development Services (ICDS) through greater outreach and education; (b) boost incentives for Anganwadi workers and Anganwadi health workers; (c) bring together different government stakeholders to provide the integrative framework needed; and (d) improve monitoring and evaluation of Anganwadis so as to better gauge not just performance of workers, but also health and nutrition outcomes among women and children. 相似文献
6.
P. Zdruli 《Land Degradation u0026amp; Development》2014,25(4):373-384
The Mediterranean region covers about 854 million ha, but only 118 million (or 14 per cent) are suitable for agricultural production. In North Africa and the Middle East (MENA), agricultural land covers about 5 per cent; in Egypt and Algeria, it occupies less than 4 per cent and, in Libya, less than 2 per cent of the total national land area. Across the Mediterranean region land use divides between natural pastures/rangelands (ca. 15 per cent), forests and woodlands (ca. 8 per cent), with the ca. 63 per cent remaining desert sands, shallow, rocky, saline, sodic soils and areas effectively sealed by urbanisation. Land degradation is a severe problem in most Mediterranean countries. Estimates for the period 1961 to 2020 show that although the Mediterranean population is likely to more than double, ca. 8.3 million ha of agricultural land (7 per cent) may be lost as a result of continued urbanisation and land degradation. If these estimates are correct, agricultural land per capita would more than halve from ca. 0.48 ha (1961) to ca. 0.21 ha in 2020. Food security is likely to become increasingly problematic, especially in the MENA countries, which require a major reassessment of their agricultural development policy. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
7.
Bamidele Rasak Olajide 《Journal Of Agricultural & Food Information》2013,14(3-4):354-363
This study focused on the use of combined media to minimize the time lag for both awareness and adoption of best practices for food crop production in Oyo State, Nigeria. One hundred and eighteen registered farmers in the Iddo District were sampled and interviewed. Results showed that the majority of the farmers were male (83.9%) and married (67.8%), and about one third (27.1%) completed elementary education. Fellow farmers (76.3%), extension agents (63.3%), friends (49.2%), and radio (48.3%) readily served as information sources for farmers. The quantum of agricultural information to which farmers had access was significantly related to varieties of information sources (r = .26, p = .05) used by farmers. The empowerment of elite farmers and capacity strengthening for extension agents are advocated for improved agricultural information dissemination. 相似文献
8.
Reduction in food production, food insecurity, and youth unemployment have characterized the present day status of the Nigerian economy. These problems have been associated with an increase in population without a corresponding increase in agricultural productivity and favorable policies. This article discusses methods to promote increased food production, poverty alleviation, and food security in Nigeria. It highlights the importance of agriculture to food security and the need to empower smallholder farmers, especially women and youth. The need for holistic agricultural research, encompassing various stakeholders in the government and non-governmental sectors of the agricultural value chain, is also emphasized. 相似文献
9.
The greatest challenge for tropical agriculture is land degradation and reduction in soil fertility for sustainable crop and livestock production.Associated problems include soil erosion,nutrient mining,competition for biomass for multiple uses,limited application of inorganic fertilizers,and limited capacity of farmers to recognize the decline in soil quality and its consequences on productivity.Integrated soil fertility management(ISFM) is an approach to improve crop yields,while preserving sustainable and long-term soil fertility through the combined judicious use of fertilizers,recycled organic resources,responsive crop varieties,and improved agronomic practices,which minimize nutrient losses and improve the nutrient-use efficiency of crops.Soil fertility and nutrient management studies in Ethiopia under on-station and on-farm conditions showed that the combined application of inorganic and organic fertilizers significantly increased crop yields compared to either alone in tropical agro-ecosystems.Yield benefits were more apparent when fertilizer application was accompanied by crop rotation,green manuring,or crop residue management.The combination of manure and NP fertilizer could increase wheat and faba bean grain yields by 50%–100%,whereas crop rotation with grain legumes could increase cereal grain yields by up to 200%.Although organic residues are key inputs for soil fertility management,about 85% of these residues is used for livestock feed and energy;thus,there is a need for increasing crop biomass.The main incentive for farmers to adopt ISFM practices is economic benefits.The success of ISFM also depends on research and development institutions to provide technical support,technology adoption,information dissemination,and creation of market incentives for farmers in tropical agro-ecosystems. 相似文献
10.
气候变化对我国棉花生产的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
棉花为喜高温、干旱、无限生长型植物,其产量品质形成对光照、辐射、积温等环境变化较其他作物更为敏感。全球温室化导致的积温增加、CO2浓度上升、辐射量下降、水分分布不均匀及极端天气爆发日趋频繁将对棉花生产产生显著影响。棉花生长期（4-11月）长达7个月,其产量品质形成关键期（7—9月）极易遭受多种极端天气气象条件。因此,尽管温室化效应产生的气温升高、CO2浓度增加将对棉花增产提质带来积极影响,并一定程度扩大我国可种植面积,但温室化效应导致的光辐射量的下降、尤其是短期极端高温/低温、短期极端干旱／暴雨等极端天气发生的日趋频繁将严重威胁我国的棉花安全生产。因此,进行前瞻性的气候变化对中国棉花生产影响的评估、棉花适宜种植区的重新区划、环境稳定型棉花品种选育、应对极端气候条件下的棉化抗逆栽培技术体系的构建对保证全球温室化背景下我国棉花产业的稳定和发展具有极其重要的意义。 相似文献
11.
近年来全球粮食供需矛盾不断加剧,粮价持续上涨引起国外学者对中国人的食物结构变化中肉类食品迅速增长是否能够造成全球粮食紧张的顾虑。该文利用能量和能值理论分析中国种植业作物秸秆资源对畜牧业和居民食物安全的支撑能力,通过分析认为中国居民食品消费结构变化要求其农业生产也由过去的口粮生产为主要向以食物营养为基础的农业生物量综合生产模式转变。作物秸秆和籽粒一样都是重要的农产品,但目前中国多半秸秆资源未被充分利用,据计算中国主要农作物秸秆能量数量非常大,2006年中国未被充分利用的主要作物秸秆可以转化为肉类食品5952.76万t,相当于当年中国肉类食品生产量的73.93%,因此中国农业综合生产能力完全能够自我满足近期居民食品消费变化对农产品增长的需求,当前关键问题是如何集约利用农产品资源和提高农产品生物量的综合利用率。同时中国秸秆资源在空间分布上呈现不均衡性的特征,由于气候、土地和种植制度等原因各地作物秸秆资源在数量上呈现南北差异和东西差异,整体上看中国东北部地区秸秆资源相对比较丰富,西南部地区比较贫乏。 相似文献
12.
Martin Paul Jr. Tabe-Ojong Akem Nina Fabinin Jules René Minkoua Nzié Ernest Lytia Molua Eltson Eteckji Fonkeng 《Land Degradation u0026amp; Development》2023,34(4):1159-1170
Food insecurity remains a persistent policy issue in many developing countries. While socio-political, epidemiological, climatic, and productivity-related factors have received attention regarding food insecurity, a rarely considered factor is the changing quality of the soil, a natural resource base that has the potential of increasing or reducing vulnerability to food insecurity. The use of organic soil amendments may be socioeconomically and environmentally advantageous. This study examines the inherent relationship between the use of organic soil amendments and food security among smallholder farming households. Using the seemingly unrelated bivariate probit model and the recursive bivariate probit (RBP) model on nationally representative household-level data from Cameroon, we find evidence that the use of organic soil amendments is positively associated with household food security. We also find the use of organic soil amendments to be associated with reduced levels of mild, moderate, and severe food insecurity. Empirical evidence is also suggestive of a positive association between crop diversification and food security. The results further show that households with larger farm sizes tend to use more organic soil amendments than households with smaller farms. Taken together, our findings confirm another pathway of improving food security with implications for the broad path toward achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 2 of ending hunger. 相似文献
13.
植物诱发突变技术育种研究现状与发展前景 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
自1928年以来,诱发突变技术应用于农作物新材料创制和优良新品种培育已经在解决世界粮食安全与营养供给中发挥显著作用。据不完全统计,截至2009年9月,世界上60多个国家在170多种植物上利用诱发突变技术育成和推广了3088个突变品种,其中中国在45种植物上育成了802个突变品种,占目前国际诱变育成品种数据库中总数的四分之一而位居世界第一。中国育成的突变品种年最大种植面积900万hm2,每年为国家增产粮、棉、油10~15亿kg,社会经济效益超过20亿元。近年来,加速器离子束辐照、空间环境诱变等新型诱变手段,以及传统核辐射诱变技术的有效利用等在我国农作物诱变改良与新基因挖掘中的应用日趋活跃。植物基因组学和高通量DNA技术（如TILLING等）的发展将把传统诱变育种推向分子突变育种新时代,并将在支撑我国及世界粮食安全领域发挥更大作用。 相似文献
14.
Desalegn Tadele;Enyew Adgo; 《Soil Use and Management》2024,40(1):e13032
Short-term in situ charcoal production-induced changes in soil properties and crop productivity of acidic soil in Acacia decurrens-based taungya system were assessed in the Guder watershed of northwestern Ethiopia. Data were collected through field study, pot experiment and interviews with local farmers. The field study involved a survey of 36 paired charcoal production kiln sites and adjacent reference sites in 18 croplands to analyse soil physicochemical properties and productivity of tef (Eragrostis tef), barley (Hordeum vulgare) and wheat (Triticum aestivum). A pot experiment was undertaken with wheat to investigate seed germination and chemical fertilizer needs at charcoal production sites. Local farmers were interviewed for their perceptions and management practices. The production and short-term presence of charcoal in kiln sites significantly increased sand fraction, pH, organic carbon, available phosphorous, exchangeable Mg2+ and exchangeable K+ compared with the reference sites. Charcoal production practice raised pH by 0.83 units, organic carbon, available P and exchangeable K+ by 40%, 92% and 303%, respectively. Exchangeable acidity and exchangeable Al3+ were lowered by over 80% at kiln sites. Both aboveground biomass and grain yield of tef, barley and wheat were, on average, 135% higher at kiln sites than at the reference sites. Furthermore, crops grown at kiln sites were taller and had greener and larger leaves. Farmers' responses indicated higher crop productivity and reduced inorganic fertilizer application at kiln sites. Results from the pot experiment provided evidence of faster seed germination, enhanced crop productivity and reduced inorganic fertilizer needs in charcoal-treated soils. The study suggests that the inclusion of charcoal remnants and heating can increase carbon storage, improve soil properties which promote crop productivity and reduce the need for inorganic fertilizer in degraded, acidic agricultural soil. 相似文献
15.
Girish Chander Suhas P. Wani Kanwar L. Sahrawat Sreenath Dixit B. Venkateswarlu C. Rajesh 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(8):1051-1066
Widespread multinutrient deficiencies in the semi-arid tropics (SAT) are among major factors for large gaps between farmers’ current crop yields and potential yields. In this study, we adopted a stratified soil sampling method to assess soil fertility-related constraints in farmers’ fields in eight districts of Andhra Pradesh in the semi-arid tropics of India. Most of the fields across all eight districts were critical in sulfur (61%–98% deficient fields); and up to six districts each in boron (83%–98% deficient fields), zinc (50–85% deficient fields), and soil organic carbon (55–97% deficient fields). Low soil organic carbon specifically indicates nitrogen deficiency. Phosphorus deficiency was critical in three districts (60–84%) while potassium in general was adequate. Soil test-based nutrient balancing through the application of sulfur, boron, and zinc in addition to farmers’ practice of adding only nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium increased crop productivity by 8%–102%. Benefit–cost ratio (1.60–28.5) proved favourable to scale-up balanced nutrition. Better post-harvest soil health and residual benefits of sulfur, boron, and zinc up to four succeeding seasons indicated sustainability of the practice. Results showed that balanced nutrition is a way forward for sustainably improving farm productivity and livelihoods. 相似文献
16.
An experiment was conducted at ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Research Farm, Sabajpura, Patna (longitude 85°13′N and 1atitude 25°37′E), Bihar, India for four consecutive years 2004–05 to 2007–08 to develop a diversified cropping system for an irrigated ecosystem in Bihar by introducing pulse/oilseed/vegetables as a second or third crop in 10 rice-based cropping systems. Four crop cycles have been completed for all the cropping systems. During all years of the experiment there were significant variations among the cropping systems. Maximum paddy yield equivalent was recorded in rice–tomato–bottle gourd (40.44 t ha?1) followed by rice–potato–onion (28.47 t ha?1), rice–coriander–lady's fingers (26.79 t ha?1), rice–carrot–cowpea (24.59 t ha?1) and rice–mustard–tomato (24.44 t ha?1). A higher value for the diversification index (DI) represents a higher level of crop diversification. It is evident from the results, that DI varies from 0.299 on a medium-sized farm to 0.903 on a small farm, with an average DI value of 0.643 among all farm categories. A survey revealed that the average DI value for small-scale farmers was highest (0.741) compared with the medium- (0.591) and large-scale (0.626) categories, and the differences were negligible. This seems reinforce the view that the smaller the farm, the higher the level of crop diversification. 相似文献
17.
陕北粮食生产潜力及土地人口承载力研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在光温生产潜力计算的基础上,经过降水、土壤肥力和土壤质量等自然因素的订正,分析了陕北的土地生产潜力和粮食生产潜力。通过对陕北主要粮食作物产量分析,采用产潜比增长速度法预测了2010年和2020年的粮食产量,并据此计算2010年和2020年的潜在人口最大承载量,提出了陕北建立稳定协调可持续发展的人地关系的关键。 相似文献
18.
Optimizing row spacing in wheat cultivars differing in tillering and stature for higher productivity
M. Hussain M.B. Khan Z. Mehmood A.B. Zia K. Jabran 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(11):1457-1470
Five wheat cultivars differing in tillering capacity and stature, Sahar-2006 (SH-06) (tall and low tillering), Faisalabad-2008 (FSD-08) (tall and low tillering), Lassani-2008 (LS-08) (medium stature and low tillering), Abdulstar-2002 (AS-02) (medium stature and high tillering) and Triple dwarf-1 (TD-1) (dwarf and low tillering), were planted in 10-, 20- and 30-cm spaced rows in a two-year study with same plant density. Higher grain yield in 20-cm spaced rows during both years and 30-cm spaced rows during the first year of the study in tall and low tillering wheat cultivars was attributed to more productive tillers, grains per spike and 1000-grain weight. However, the higher number of productive tillers resulted in better grain yield of the dwarf and low tillering cultivar under narrow row spacing. Higher leaf area index and crop growth rate were observed in 20- and 30-cm spaced rows 90 days after sowing, thereafter a drastic decrease was observed in 30-cm spaced rows. In conclusion, for harvesting maximum wheat productivity, tall and low tillering cultivars should be planted in 20-cm spaced rows. Medium stature and low tillering cultivars may be planted in 20 or 30-cm spaced rows, whereas low tillering dwarf cultivars should be planted in 10-cm spaced rows. 相似文献
19.
中国北方农牧交错带是中国少数关键的生态区域和全球变化响应敏感区域之一,对保持中国北方生态系统的农业生态服务功能起着至关重要的作用,该文从中国北方农牧交错带研究的重要性入手,分析了近年来国内外在农作物产量研究方面的进展,提出北方农牧交错带高时空分辨率的农作物产量分布格局和预测研究存在的问题,阐述了对发展北方农牧交错带高时空分辨率的农作物产量分布格局和预测研究的主要方向和途径,对未来气候变化对该区农业生产力和生态环境的影响具有重要意义。 相似文献
20.
Xiaoli Zhang;Xinling Wang;Dingwen Si;Hong Zhang;Mohammed Moosa Ageli;Grzegorz Mentel; 《Land Degradation u0026amp; Development》2024,35(7):2602-2613
There is a notable scarcity of literature addressing the complex affiliation amidst natural resources, water productivity (WPROD), and the food production index (FPI). Existing research focuses on emerging and developing countries, primarily centering on the initial objectives of sustainable development. To bridge this literature gap, our research delves into the nexus of WPROD, FPI, and total land resources (TLRS). Additionally, the study explores the persuasive roles of income (GDP) and renewable energy consumption (REC). Employing time series methodologies, we utilize the DF-GLS unit root assessment to assess the variable static method and the Bayer-Hanck test to scrutinize long-term equilibrium. The primary analysis employs the least squares approach with breakpoints, supplemented by the Robust least squares method for validation. For causal relationships between variables, we deployed the Granger causality approach. Our outcomes disclose that variables are static at the first difference, indicating long-run equilibrium among all variables. Empirical outcomes suggest a resource curse associated with TLRS, as it negatively influences both WPROD and FPI, regardless of breaks. The increase in coefficients of land resources by 1% causes decrease in water productivity and food production by −0.35% and −0.185%. In contrast, GDP and renewable energy positively impact water productivity and food production index, even in the presence of structural breaks. Robustness checks yield-mixed outcomes, though the overall results remain significant and consistent with the main methods. Causality analysis indicates a bi-directional linkage between natural resources, renewable energy, and water productivity, and food production, while GDP demonstrates a uni-directional linkage in the study. We provide relevant policies under the targets of COP 27 to manage land resources in the USA. 相似文献