棉叶螨发生为害特点及防治对策

棉叶螨是棉花苗期和蕾铃期的主要害虫。近几年来,随着植棉水平的不断提高,耕作制度的变化,棉叶螨的发生为害也发生了一些变化。现就棉叶螨发生为害新特点、原因及相应的防治对策浅述如下。     

新疆小海子垦区棉叶螨的发生及综合防治

小海子垦区地处塔里木盆地西北边缘,巴楚县境内,植棉面积约3.6万公顷。区内气候干燥,雨量少加之棉花面积的不断扩大,重茬面积的增多,秋耕难以全面到位,这为棉叶螨的越冬创造了条件。因而棉叶螨有明显上升和加重的趋势,每年都造成不同程度的危害,严重影响垦区的棉花生产。为了使棉叶螨的综合防治更经济、安全、有效,更好地服务于生产,现就多年的实践,谈谈棉叶螨的发生及综合防治。1棉叶螨的发生与为害棉叶螨在田边渠埂等处的枯枝落叶及杂草根茎土壤中越冬,然后向棉田转移,膜植棉由于残膜下越冬环境较好,使相当数量的虫源转为田间直接越冬,尤…     

新疆丰收农场棉花虫害非化学防治技术

新疆丰收农场棉花虫害非化学防治技术罗明哲新疆阿瓦提县丰收三场８４３２０２丰收农场地处南疆，耕地面积３４００ｈｍ２，其中植棉面积３０１０ｈｍ２。南疆植棉区害虫约有３０多种，常见而且为害性较大的有黄地老虎、烟蓟马、棉蚜、牧草盲蝽、棉铃虫、棉叶螨等６种。...     

酒泉地区棉花病虫害发生现状与防治对策

酒泉地区植棉历史悠久 ,根据《甘肃省农作物病虫杂草调查汇编》(甘肃省农林厅 ,1 95 9)记载 ,2 0世纪 5 0年代枯萎病、黄萎病、棉蚜、棉叶螨等在敦煌、安西、金塔发生为害 ,棉铃虫在敦煌发生为害 ,但其发生范围、规模及危害程度均记载不详。新发生、发展的病虫害主要有棉铃虫、美洲斑潜叶蝇、白粉虱、棉黑根腐病等 ,天敌主要有瓢虫类、蜘蛛类、草铃类、食蚜蝇类、花蝽类、蚜茧蜂、姬蜂、鸟类等 60余种。其中发生范围广、危害程度大、防治难度高的有枯萎病、黄萎病、根病、蚜虫类、叶螨类、棉铃虫等 ,是棉花生产上的主要病虫害。1发生现状1 .…     

新疆106团综防措施见成效

新疆１０６团综防措施见成效陈忠良新疆生产建设兵团第６师１０６团呼图壁县８３１２１３在过去１０６团每年因虫害损失达２５％～３０％,特别是８０年代末至９０年代初棉叶螨猖獗为害,每年都有６７～２００ｈｍ２棉花被棉叶螨或棉蚜吃掉,经济损失达５０万～１５０万...     

山东省间作套种棉田病虫害防治技术

近年来 ,随着转 Bt基因抗虫棉的种植 ,提出了“以防治棉蚜为主 ,注意查治棉叶螨 ,兼治棉铃虫等其它害虫”的间作套种棉田害虫防治新策略。坚持“对二代棉铃虫不喷药防治 ,作物共生期间尽量少用药 ,必须选用高效低毒药”的用药原则。各间作套种棉田病虫害具体防治方法如下 :1　麦棉套种田小麦与棉花间作套种分为麦套春棉和麦套夏棉两种类型 ,麦套春棉小麦与棉花共生期长 ,因此 ,病虫发生为害较麦套夏棉重。小麦病虫害主要有麦蚜、红蜘蛛、锈病、白粉病、丛矮病等。棉花主要病虫害有苗病、棉蚜、棉叶螨 (红蜘蛛 )、地老虎、蓟马、棉铃虫、玉…     

棉花主要害虫及防治措施

棉花是我国主要的经济作物,棉花及其纺织品是重要的出口原料和加工产品。我国有记载的棉花害虫有300多种,其中常发性害虫有30多种,为害重的主要有棉铃虫、棉蚜、棉叶螨等。进入21世纪,转基因抗虫棉的问世和大面积种植,棉铃虫的发生为害有所缓解,但棉盲蝽等次要害虫却逐年上升并成为主要害虫,     

火箭农场截形叶螨的发生及防治

火箭农场位于天山南麓,吐鲁番盆地东部边缘地带.是农十三师最大的植棉农场,截形叶螨很少发生或发生很轻,在往年的植保工作中未将防治截形叶螨列入防治对象.2001年棉铃虫、棉蚜发生依然严重,特别意想不到的是截形叶螨发生迅速、普遍,发生面积广、时间长.     

浅谈新疆奎屯垦区棉叶螨的防控技术

棉叶螨是棉花上的主要害虫之一.从植棉以来,棉叶螨在奎屯垦区持续发生危害,大发生年份的频率较高.其中20世纪80年代中期就曾在本区严重暴发,棉花产量损失惨重.据统计,进入21世纪以来,2003-2005年奎屯垦区棉叶螨发生面积分别达2.33万、3.2万、4.0万hm2;2006-2007年在6.0万hm2以上.棉叶螨发生面积持续增加,防治面积由25%上升到80%,大发生年份个别棉田受害减产达50%以上.2007年奎屯垦区加大了棉叶螨的防治力度,大大降低了棉叶螨的危害.现就本地棉叶螨发生特点及防控技术综述如下.     

北疆棉区棉叶螨发生及综合防治

棉叶螨又称棉花红蜘蛛,属蛛形纲、蜱螨目、叶螨科害虫,在北疆棉区均有发生,除为害棉花外,还为害玉米、高粱、小麦、大豆等,寄主广泛。近年来,由于北疆适宜的气候、棉花种植面积的扩大、轮作倒茬少、秋耕冬灌不到位等因素,导致棉田生态环境的改变,为棉叶螨的发生提供了有利的生态条件,致使棉叶螨在北疆棉区一度猖獗为害,为此每年为防治棉叶螨都要投入大量的人力和物力。1为害特点棉叶螨的为害通过其口针刺吸,使寄主组织造成机械损伤,同时分泌有害物质进入寄主体内,对植物组织产生毒害作用,致使棉株营养恶化,代谢减弱,生理机能失调。棉叶螨为…     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Present Situation and Consideration of Seed Processing and Testing Theory and Technology

Seed processing and testing hold the key to the market circulation of seeds, and are an indispensable link in commercial breeding to endow seeds with commodity attributes. The research of seed processing and testing theory and technology is an important link in improving the seed industry chain, realizing large-scale commercial breeding and consolidating the seed industry science of ‘integration of breeding, propagation and promotion’. The scientific and technological system of seed industry in China is being formed and perfected, which is subject to the development level of the industry. The theory and technology of seed processing and testing are relatively weak. We reviewed the development of seed processing and testing theory and technology, and put forward strategies and suggestions to improve the sound development of China’s seed industry. In order to meet the needs of seed industry development and on the basis of high quality breeding of varieties, the new directions and demands of seed processing and testing theory and technology were analyzed. We will work to strengthen the applied research of seed industry, establish advanced seed quality inspection system, improve seed processing equipment suitable for the development needs of modern seed industry, establish standardized production system of seed processing industry, develop the scientific and technological disciplines of seed industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of seed industry.     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。