基于花部特征的北京地区植物传粉昆虫招引能力评价与应用

传粉昆虫是城市生态系统的重要组成部分,但城市化的发展严重破坏了传粉昆虫的生境,使得传粉昆虫种群数量呈下降趋势。以招引类植物群落为核心的自然、半自然生境可为传粉昆虫提供丰富的食物来源、栖息地,有效维护了传粉昆虫的多样性。为构建益于传粉昆虫栖息的城市植物景观,需筛选出具有传粉昆虫招引能力的乡土植物。在现有传粉生态学研究的基础上,以花径、花色、花香、花蜜4个重要花部构成特征为主要的招引因素,通过层次分析法对《北京植物志》所载植物进行赋值评价,构建层次分析模型。并在三顷园、海淀公园、北京林业大学附属绿地开展传粉昆虫访花的生态学观测,验证层次分析模型的准确性。本模型为北京地区传粉昆虫招引类植物的选择提供了一定的参考。     

昆虫—病原物—寄主植物互作关系被揭示

<正>中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所研究员张友军领衔的蔬菜虫害防控创新团队利用生物学、生态学和分子生物学方法,并结合突变体材料的应用,发现植物诱导产生的防御途径可通过相互间的"通话"调控不同有害生物种群的暴发。相关研究已在线发表于《植物细胞与环境》。昆虫—病原物—植物在长期进化过程中形成了复杂的互作关系。昆虫和病原物危害寄主植物,寄主植物则通过诱导产     

昆虫—病原物—寄主植物互作关系被揭示

正2015年12月,中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所研究员张友军领衔的蔬菜虫害防控创新团队利用生物学、生态学和分子生物学方法,并结合突变体材料的应用,发现植物诱导产生的防御途径可通过相互间的"通话"调控不同有害生物种群的暴发。相关研究已在线发表于《植物细胞与环境》。昆虫—病原物—植物在长期进化过程中形成了复杂的互作关系。昆虫和病原物危害寄主植物,寄主植物则通过诱导产生的防御机制来抵御这种危害。植物产生的防御机制主要有茉莉酸、水杨酸等途径。在自然环境中,植物往往     

道路生态学中景观生态问题探讨

道路对景观生态具有重要的影响,是道路生态学研究的热点问题之一。道路生态学是世界各生态学学者研究的重要对象。本文从道路生态学的概念、研究方式等方面对道路生态学中的景观生态问题进行探讨。     

景观生态学在城市生态园林建设中的应用

景观生态学是研究植物景观与其环境之间交互关系的学科,植物景观生态学的重点在于研究植物个体、种群分布和繁衍的各种过程,而且植物种群生态学非常重视研究植物种群的组织和功能。本文将举例论述景观生态学在城市生态园林建设中的应用方案,以供参考。     

当代景观生态学研究进展及展望

随着人们生活条件的改善,对生活环境的质量要求也在不断提升,景观生态学是适应现代社会发展的一门新兴的环保学科,也是当代生态学研究的主要内容。现阶段各国环保技术水平的增强,对景观生态学的重视程度也大大地提升,从科学和实践问题的导向推动学科交叉与融合,并使得当代景观生态学研究的领域不断扩大。就景观生态学未来发展的趋势和展望进行研究,旨在为景观生态学的研究提供借鉴和参考。     

认知昆虫 从爱出发

春天万物复苏,昆虫世界的各位成员从冬睡中醒来,或爬出被窝取食,或去寻找心仪的对象谈情说爱。昆虫摄影爱好者背起了相机走进大自然,定格美丽瞬间;昆虫爱好者开始书写奇妙的昆虫故事;果树种植者常年在果园里与害虫做斗争,期盼研究出更多高效、安全、无害的防治技术。让我们从爱出发认知昆虫,科学管理昆虫,生产出高产、优质、安全的水果。昆虫属于无脊椎动物的节肢动物门、昆虫纲,已发现100多万种。它们形态、颜色和习性各异,却拥     

不同颜色色板对脐橙果园昆虫的诱集效果

以脐橙果园内昆虫为调查对象,于2014年12月至2015年11月使用紫色、灰色、粉色、蓝色、青色、绿色、黄色、红色、白色和黑色等10种不同颜色的色板对脐橙果园内的昆虫进行诱集,研究了脐橙果园内昆虫群落的组成以及昆虫对不同颜色的趋向性。结果表明:10种颜色色板在脐橙果园内诱集的昆虫有10目48科54种,其中双翅目昆虫诱集数量最多,达到诱虫总数的94.81%;不同颜色色板对脐橙果园昆虫的诱集效果不同,黄色色板诱集的昆虫数量最多,其次是青色和绿色的色板,即波长450~597nm诱虫效果好;粉虱类昆虫更趋向于黄板,而实蝇类昆虫则趋向于青板和绿板;不同月份色板诱集的昆虫个体数存在明显差异。     

上饶师范学院校园昆虫多样性调查研究

昆虫物种多样性为生态环境的稳定提供必要条件,研究昆虫多样性对保护生态环境、认识害虫和益虫资源利用具有重要意义。在2018年3～10月,通过对校园内3个地点的昆虫调查,发现上饶师范学院校园共有昆虫227种,隶属于13目89科205属。其中,A地点采集昆虫10目37科64种;B地点采集昆虫10目57科142种;C地点采集昆虫7目48科93种。对其进行多样性指数分析,可以看出:C地B地A地;但均匀度指数A地C地B地。并且,B地与C地的昆虫相似性系数最高,为0.23。本研究对认识江西上饶地区的园艺昆虫有一定帮助。     

城市新区滨水公园景观设计理念探析

以"尊重自然、顺应自然、保护自然生态"理念为基础,结合生态学、景观生态学、恢复生态学等各学科相关基础理论,深入研究城市新区滨水公园的使用功能和景观规划设计的相关理论,提出了城市新区滨水公园景观设计研究的探讨。     

尖眼蕈蚊的生物学及综防研究

本文对苏州地区常见的一种尖眼蕈蚊的形态进行了详细的观察 ,对其为害、生物学和生态学等方面作了研究 ,讨论了该虫的发生原因 ,并针对其发生规律和结合本地区菇农的生产实践 ,提出了相应的综合防治措施。     

If a tree falls in the forest: terrestrial habitat loss predicts caddisfly (Insecta: Trichoptera) assemblages and functional feeding group biomass throughout rivers of the North-central United States

Landscape Ecology - Understanding the specific natural and anthropogenic drivers of aquatic insect assemblages and feeding ecology is critical to managing aquatic ecosystems. Utilizing the counts...     

平菇厉眼蕈蚊的生物学、生态学及其防治

平菇厉眼蕈蚊是食用菌、药用菌和野生菌蕈中常见害虫的优势种。近年来随着食用菌产业的迅速发展，平菇厉眼蕈蚊的发生范围进一步增大，且危害逐年加重。该文对平菇厉眼蕈蚊的生物学特性、发生危害与环境的关系及防治对策等方面的研究进展进行了概述。     

Simulating the reciprocal interaction of forest landscape structure and southern pine beetle herbivory using LANDIS

The reciprocal interaction of landscape structure and ecological processes is a cornerstone of modern landscape ecology. We use a simulation model to show how landscape structure and herbivory interact to influence outbreaks of southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann) in a landscape representative of the southern Appalachian Mountains, USA. We use LANDIS and its biological disturbance agent module to simulate the effects of landscape composition (proportion of landscape in host area) and host aggregation on the size and severity of insect outbreaks and the persistence of the host species, Table Mountain Pine (Pinus pungens Lamb.). We find that landscape composition is less important in the modeled landscapes than host aggregation in structuring the severity of insect outbreaks. Also, simulated southern pine beetle outbreaks over time tend to decrease the aggregation of host species on the landscape by fragmenting large patches into smaller ones, thereby reducing the severity of future outbreaks. Persistence of Table Mountain pine decreases throughout all simulations regardless of landscape structure. The results of this study indicate that when considering alternative restoration strategies for insect-affected landscapes, it is necessary to consider the patterns of hosts on the landscape as well as the landscape composition.     

Environmental factors and ecological processes controlling vegetation patterns in boreal forests

An individual tree model of forest dynamics was used to examine the environmental and ecological factors controlling forest vegetation patterns in upland boreal forests of North America. Basic life history traits that characterized the regeneration, growth, and death of individual trees were combined with species-specific responses to important environmental factors. This model simulated forest structure and vegetation patterns in conifer, hardwood, and mixed conifer-hardwood forests and woodlands in several bioclimatic sub-regions of the North American boreal forest zone. Model testing identified the processes and parameters required to understand the ecology of upland boreal forests and weaknesses in our current understanding of these processes. These factors included climate, solar radiation, soil moisture, soil temperature and permafrost, the forest floor organic layer, nutrient availability, forest fires, and insect outbreaks. Model testing also identified which of these factors were important in each bioclimatic sub-region.     

Pollen meta-barcoding reveals different community structures of foraged plants by honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) along space-time gradient in Japan

The availability of pollen in urban-rural landscapes is an essential factor that influences the population dynamics of insect pollinators. The amount and diversity of pollen play a pivotal role in the foraging ecology of pollinators for their growth and health, but investigations on the spatio-temporal patterns of foraged plants remain rare, especially in cities as neo - ecosystems. Here, we explored the temporal foraging habits of a highly pollinator (Apis mellifera L.) in Tokyo, including different landscape classes from rural to urban areas. Mixed-pollen samples in each month and each location (N = 17) were analysed using DNA meta-barcoding to identify plants visited by honeybees. The results showed that the landscape class (rural, suburban and urban areas) explains spatial variations in pollen source-plant composition foraged by honeybees, but not in taxa richness. Furthermore, pollen diversity and pollen source-plant composition showed a strong seasonal dependence. A higher plant richness and foraged woody taxa was found to occur in spring, which was mainly dominated by the genera Prunus and Acer. In summer and autumn, the genera Trifolium and Plantago of the herbaceous stratum were the most visited plants. The Fabaceae, Rosaceae, Brassicaceae, Plantaginaceae, and Onagraceae plant families were the most frequently observed in all combined samples. The present study contributes to a deeper understanding of the foraging ecology of A. mellifera colonies across urban-rural gradient surrounding mega-cities such as Tokyo.     

Soundscape in a context of acoustic and landscape ecology

Soundscape ecology is being proposed as a new synthesis that leverages two important fields of study: landscape ecology and acoustic ecology. These fields have had a rich history. Running “in parallel” for over three decades now, soundscape ecology has the potential to unite these two (among other) fields in ways that provide new perspectives on the acoustics of landscapes. Each of us was involved in the “birth” of these two fields. We each reflect here on the rich history of landscape ecology and acoustic ecology and provide some thoughts on the future of soundscape ecology as a new perspective.     

Consequences of spatial heterogeneity for ecosystem services in changing forest landscapes: priorities for future research

Changes in key drivers (e.g., climate, disturbance regimes and land use) may affect the sustainability of forest landscapes and set the stage for increased tension among competing ecosystem services. We addressed two questions about a suite of supporting, regulating and provisioning ecosystem services in each of two well-studied forest landscapes in the western US: (1) How might the provision of ecosystem services change in the future given anticipated trajectories of climate, disturbance regimes, and land use? (2) What is the role of spatial heterogeneity in sustaining future ecosystem services? We determined that future changes in each region are likely to be distinct, but spatial heterogeneity (e.g., the amount and arrangement of surviving forest patches or legacy trees after disturbance) will be important in both landscapes for sustaining forest regeneration, primary production, carbon storage, natural hazard regulation, insect and pathogen regulation, timber production and wildlife habitat. The paper closes by highlighting five general priorities for future research. The science of landscape ecology has much to contribute toward understanding ecosystem services and how land management can enhance—or threaten—the sustainability of ecosystem services in changing landscapes.     

南疆喀什市温室蔬菜病虫害种类及发生情况初步分析

为了分析南疆喀什市温室蔬菜病虫害种类及发生情况,2017年在喀什市进行了温室蔬菜病虫害调查,共调查了21种蔬菜,其中在16种蔬菜上共发现了12种病害,在15种蔬菜上共发现了4种虫害。综合来看,为害南疆喀什市温室蔬菜的主要病害种类为煤污病、腐烂病、白粉病以及病毒病,主要虫害种类为斑潜蝇、白粉虱和菜蛾。结合当地生产实际情况,分析了温室蔬菜病虫害的发生特点和发生原因,初步构建了喀什市温室蔬菜病虫害综合防治技术体系。     

平菇抗虫品种筛选试验

以5个本地常栽的平菇品种为试验材料,出菇期间引入双翅目害虫平菇厉眼蕈蚊,进行抗虫能力试验,结果表明品种灰平的抗虫性最好。