意杨纸浆材材性变异的研究

本文报道了意杨三个无性系纸浆材材性变异规律。纤维长度、长宽比径向表现为递增，８～１０年后纤维长度趋于稳定，８年后长宽比趋于稳定；纤维长度在纵向上呈递减的模式。基本密度径向上呈递增的模式，８年后趋于稳定，纵向上表现出递增的趋势。纤维素含量径向呈递增模式，１０～１２年后递增速度减慢；木素、多缩戊糖含量在径向呈递减趋势，１０年后趋于稳定，而多缩戊糖含量１０～１２年后趋于稳定。意杨木材幼龄期约为８年。从意杨纸浆材材性工艺指标，确定意杨纸浆林８～９年时主伐利用较佳。     

火炬松纸浆材化学成分及其在树干高度上的变异规律

对18年生人工林火炬松纸浆材的化学成分含量进行了系统地测试,分析和讨论了火炬松化学成分含量在树干高度方向上的变异规律.结果表明:1、火炬松纸浆材的灰分、冷水、热水、苯醇和1%N aOH抽提物含量,纤维素、戊聚糖和木质素含量平均值分别为0.33%、1.59%、3.21%、2.32%和13.66%、47.98%、15.10%、29.66%;2、沿树干高度方向,火炬松木材灰分含量和纤维素含量变化不明显;热水和苯醇抽提物含量逐渐减小;冷水抽提物和木质素含量表现出先增加后减小或者逐渐减小的趋势;1%N aOH抽提物含量则表现出先减小后增加的趋势;戊聚糖含量表现出逐渐增加或减小的趋势.方差分析表明,火炬松木材各化学成分含量在沿树干高度方向的变化不显著.     

火炬松纸浆林材性变异和优质原料培育期的确定*

１６年生火炬松纸浆材性状研究表明：管胞长度径向呈递增稳定的模式，纵向呈递减变化；其长宽比变异类似于管胞长度的变化；管胞长度变化范围为１．４０３～４．４５６ｍｍ，长宽比为４６．７～７０．１，腔径比为０．７１１～０．７８６，壁腔比为０．３８１～０．４９６。基本密度径向由０．３２４ｇ／ｃｍ３递增到０．４２８ｇ／ｃｍ３；纵向递减，其均值变动于０．３１４～０．４０１ｇ／ｃｍ２；株间木材密度均值与管胞长度两性状不相关。纤维素含量由髓心附近３７．０４％递增到树皮附近４３．９１％，木素、多缩戊糖含量分别由２８．７８％、１４．５９％递减到２５．７４％、１２．０５％，其苯醇抽出物含量变化在２．１２％～８．３８％之间。火炬松木材幼龄期约为１０～１３ａ。基于火炬松木材各树龄材性的变化，结合生长量指标，确定其短周期纸浆林适宜采伐树龄约为１２～１３ａ。     

尾叶桉纸浆材化学成分等在树干高度上的变异

分析了５个试验地尾叶桉纸浆材的主要化学成分含量和ｐＨ值在树干高度上的差异和变化趋势．结果表明,在５个试验地中,尾叶桉材的化学成分含量及ｐＨ值在树干高度上的变异情况大致相同．在不同的树干高度上,木材热水抽提物含量、纤维素含量和木素含量的差异达１％显著性水平;质量分数为１％ＮａＯＨ抽提物含量和戊聚糖含量的差异达５％显著性水平;冷水抽提物含量和ｐＨ值无统计上的显著性差异．由树基向上,冷水抽提物、热水抽提物和木素的含量呈渐低趋势;戊聚糖含量和木材ｐＨ值呈渐高趋势;１％ＮａＯＨ抽提物含量树干中部较低,两端较高;纤维素含量树干中部稍高,两端稍低．     

施肥处理对尾叶桉木材化学成分含量的影响

通过对５种施肥处理下的９年生尾叶桉纸浆材的主要化学成分含量进行测试,以此为基础,进而分析讨论施肥处理对尾叶桉木材化学成分含量的影响规律。结果表明：施肥处理对尾叶桉纤维素含量和木素含量没有显著影响,而对抽提物含量和戊聚糖含量有极显著影响;施肥处理会显著提高木材中冷水抽提物,热水抽提物,１％ＮａＯＨ抽提物和戊聚糖含量,而且施肥量愈大,木材中戊聚糖含量愈高。     

工业林木荷木材化学成分及其变异的研究

按照国家木材化学成分分析标准,对工业林木荷木材化学成分进行了测定,结果表明12年生和14年生木荷木材化学成分含量为：热水抽提物6．93％和5．06％;1％NaOH抽提物18．42％、17．42％;苯醇抽提物1．64％、2．48％;纤维素48．06％、50．72％;多戊糖20．99％、20．68％;木质素24．20％、23．10％;pH值为5．46和4．99。以上7个指标在树干不同高度的差异均未达到显著性水平。而热水、苯醇抽提物含量和pH值在两树龄间的差异达到1％显著水平,1％NaOH抽提物和主要化学成份含量的差异不显著。     

The effect of Sirex noctilio infestation and fire damage on the chemical composition of South African-grown Pinus patula pulpwood

The infection and association between the wood wasp Sirex noctilio and the fungus Amylostereum areolatum is responsible for large-scale tree mortality in the Midlands of the KwaZulu-Natal province in South Africa. An exploratory investigation on the effect of the infestation of trees by the wood wasp and its associated fungus on the chemical composition of Pinus patula pulpwood was undertaken. Various tree classes representing different levels of physiological growth stress from this infestation were compared. Together with the above stress agents, fire damage to P. patula trees was also considered as a possible cause of changes in pulpwood chemical composition. Chemical analyses to determine the Seifert cellulose and Klason lignin contents as well as the levels of water- and solvent-soluble extractives were conducted using published Tappi standard methods. The results indicated only negligible differences between infestation levels (tree classes) with respect to Seifert cellulose and Klason lignin contents. In contrast, highly significant differences were observed for solvent- and water-borne extractives. It is evident from the results that P. patula trees engage a defence strategy to counter the effects of the infestation and the resulting physiological stress. The results of the chemical analyses suggest that trees should not be harvested any younger than the intended rotation age of 12 years and at the time of harvesting all the biomass, including the infected wood, should be sent to the pulp mill. Fire-damaged trees can be utilised in the same way as healthy trees when applying the TMP process provided the charcoal on the outer bark is removed. The usefulness of a biplot to simultaneously display the various tree classes and their chemical composition is illustrated.     

Nondestructive estimation of wood chemical composition of sections of radial wood strips by diffuse reflectance near infrared spectroscopy

The use of calibrated near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy for predicting the chemical composition of Pinus taeda L. (loblolly pine) wood samples is investigated. Seventeen P. taeda radial strips, representing seven different sites were selected and NIR spectra were obtained from the radial longitudinal face of each strip. The spectra were obtained in 12.5 mm sections from pre-determined positions that represented juvenile wood (close to pith), transition wood (zone between juvenile and mature wood), and mature wood (close to bark). For these sections, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin (acid soluble and insoluble), arabinan, galactan, glucan, mannan, and xylan contents were determined by standard analytical chemistry methods. Calibrations were developed for each chemical constituent using the NIR spectra, wood chemistry data and partial least squares (PLS) regression. Relationships were variable with the best results being obtained for cellulose, glucan, xylan, mannan, and lignin. Prediction errors were high and may be a consequence of the diverse origins of the samples in the test set. Further research with a larger number of samples is required to determine if prediction errors can be reduced.     

人工林米老排木材化学成分及其在树干高度上的变异

采用我国木材化学成分分析国家标准,对人工林米老排木材化学成分进行了测定和研究分析.结果表明:人工林米老排木材冷水抽提物含量和热水抽提物含量分别为2.67%和3.12%,1%NaOH抽提物含量为17.08%,纤维素含量为47.49%,综纤维素含量为80.42%,木素含量为28.80%,pH值为5.44;木材冷水抽提物和综纤维素含量在树干的不同高度上略有差异,但方差分析检验,差异不显著,热水抽提物、1%NaOH抽提物、纤维素和木素含量在树干的不同高度上差异显著,达到1%显著性水平;由树基往上,热水抽提物含量略呈两端高、中间低的趋势,冷水抽提物、1%NaOH抽提物和木素的含量逐渐降低,综纤维素含量和木材pH值逐渐升高;纤维素含量在树干上的分布规律为中间高、两端低,而且从树干中部往上的降低幅度较大.     

火炬松不同种源纸浆材材性的变异

1983年火炬松31个种源引种栽培在浙江富阳中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所实验林场,研究表明该批种源间10年生树木生长量和纸浆材材性因子如晚材率、管胞形态特征值(管胞长度、宽度、腔径、壁厚、长宽比、腔径比、壁腔比)、管胞S2层微纤丝角和木材基本密度存在着显著差异,木材主要化学成分中纤维素和木素含量种源间存在着显著差异,而戊聚糖和苯醇浸提物含量种源间差异不显著.这些材性特征除了木材化学性状因子外,均受中等以上程度遗传控制.木材纤维素、木素、戊聚糖和苯醇浸提物含量的广义遗传力分别为0.088、0.003、0.340和0.307,其余性状广义遗传力均大于0.50.引种地栽培环境对木材性状有显著影响.种源原产地纬度与树木生长量、管胞宽度、管胞直径和管胞微纤丝角呈负相关,与晚材率、木材密度呈正相关.31个种源树木胸高直径与管胞长宽比、管胞壁腔比、木材密度呈显著负相关,与管胞宽度、管胞直径、管胞腔径比呈正相关.