野牦公牛的采精量及影响因素的研究

为了发挥野牦公牛在复壮家牦牛中的作用，笔者于１９９２￣１９９５年对４头野牦公牛和８头１／２野血牦公牛的采精量及影响因素进行了观测研究。对４年的观测资料分析结果表明：野牦公牛（包括１／２野血牦公牛）平均每次采精量为２．９２ｍｌ；７岁龄１／２野血牦公牛采精量最高，平均为３．７８ｍｌ；１１月份、每日下午和每日第１次采精时的采精量最高，分别平均为４．２２、３．７１和２．９８ｍｌ，应予重视和利用；野牦公牛的     

野牦公牛及1／2野血牦公牛驯化试验

为今后利用青藏高原野牦牛资源，在青海省大通种牛场对１头野牦公牛和６头１／２野血牦公牛采取人牛固定管理、长期相处、诱训亲善等系列措施，达到能够采精，完成驯化平均时间为１６５天，完成采精训练平均时间为２８．４天，采精训练次数平均１１．０６次。     

运输性应激对商品猪影响的研究

商品猪７２０头，每头体重７５～１００ｋｇ。按常规行车，经历２小时，行程５０ｋｍ的公路汽车运输试验观测．在运输过程中猪只表现兴奋、不安和互相干扰、咬斗等现象。运输结束后表现精神沉郁和食欲不振。对猪的生理状态影响显著，心博率显著加快；运输前平均为７５．５±４．６次／分钟，运输后平均为９９．２３±１４次／分钟（Ｐ＜０．０１）；呼吸率显著增加，运输前平均为１２．２５±３．４次／分钟．运输后平均为２４．３±３．２次／分钟．（Ｐ＜０．０１）；体温明显增高．运输前平均为３９．３±０．３℃，运输后平均为３９．９８±０．５℃（Ｐ＜０．０５）。体重耗损较大．运输前平均为８８．５±３．１ｋｇ，运输后平均为８４．７±２．５ｋｇ，耗重率平均为４．３％。病残猪为２５头（占３．４％），死亡８头（占１．１％）．共计为４．５％。     

丙酸睾丸素治疗公猪突然无精死精

丙酸睾丸素治疗公猪突然无精死精由于饲养管理不当，采精或交配率过高，种公猪突然无精或采下的精液中精子死亡，是种公猪的常见现象。笔者采用丙酸睾丸素３—４ｍｌ（２５ｍｇ／ｍｌ）对１８头突然无精、死精种公猪治疗。一次颈部肌肉注射，２天一次，４次为一疗程，治愈...     

痢康-120与硫酸阿托品联合治疗畜禽腹泻效果好

“痢康－１２０”是中美合资天洋药业安徽天洋兽药厂中西结合研制的具有抗菌、消炎、抗胃肠道感染的注射液（５ｍｌ×４％／支）。硫酸阿托品是江苏常州兽药厂生产注射液（１％×５ｍｌ／支）。笔者经过长期临床验证，该针剂与阿托品联合治疗畜禽腹泻效果好。１病例介绍病例１：威远镇深沟村养殖规模户文某饲养的２５日龄仔猪５８头。３５日龄仔猪６０头发生腹泻，经口服和肌注各种抗生素，效果较差，死亡达２３头。改用本品治疗：每头仔猪用４％痢康－１２０２．５ｍｌ和１％１ｍｇ硫酸阿托品混合肌注，３次／ｄ，结果死亡２头，其余均治愈…     

家养海狸鼠人工采精技术初探

本试验在人工保定的情况下，对家养的性成熟海狸鼠，１９９３．６—１９９３．７月间环境温度１０—２０℃条件下，通过按摩和电刺激相结合进行采精获得成功。射精电压为３伏或６伏，精液量１毫升，精子活率０．５１，密度６亿／毫升，ＰＨ６．４。     

种公牛精清中睾酮含量与精液品质相关性探讨

本实验采用放射免疫分析法（ＲＩＡ）检测了种公牛精清中睾酮（Ｔ）含量２９头次，并对其相对应的每份精液进行了品质评定。结果表明，精清中睾酮含量平均为１４９．４９±１４１．９６ｎｇ／ｄｌ。在每头种公牛之间存在显著的个体差异，同一头种公牛，在不同的采精日期的同一时刻采精，其Ｔ含量也有显著差异，说明种公牛Ｔ的分泌具有脉冲性的特点，种公牛精清中Ｔ的含量与精液量、精子密度、活力、活率及畸形率均未见显著的相关性。     

犬过敏性皮炎的自制蚤变应原脱敏疗法

用自制的蚤变应原对经皮肉确诊为蚤过敏性皮炎的９头犬作了脱敏疗法。用超声波细胞粉碎器将蚤作均匀粉碎，高速离心，取上清液过滤灭菌后注入灭菌小瓶，６５℃孵育６０分钟，制成变应原，作１：５０００Ｗ／Ｖ稀释，每周皮下注射一次，每次１ｍｌ。其中５头注射１２次，１头注射１８次，３头４次。９头中有６头（６６．７％）皮炎症状减轻，６头的皮肤症状平均改善率７３％（３３－１００％）。过敏性疾患发生于人、犬以及猫、羊、马     

笼养乌骨鸡人工授精技术的研究

我们于１９９６年４￣６月对笼养１０￣１２月龄种用乌骨鸡进行人工授精技术研究。其结果：乌骨鸡精液颜色为乳白色，射精量为０．４９±０．２３８ｍｌ；精子密度２０．３±１０．８４×１０＾８／ｍｌ；精子的畸形率（５．７９±１．６４）％。乌鸡骨精子形态与家鸽同，精子总长度为（８０．５９±３．９４）μｍ，头为弯园柱状，直径０．５μｍ，头长约８μｍ，精子头部前端为顶林，长约２μｍ，尾部（中、主、末段）长７１±２．     

犬过敏性皮炎的自制蚤变应原脱敏疗法

用自制的蚤变应原对经皮内确诊为蚤过敏性皮炎的９头犬作了脱敏疗法．用超声波细胞粉碎器将蚤作均匀粉碎，高速离心，取上清液过滤灭菌后注入灭菌小瓶，６５℃孵育６０分钟，制成变应原，作１：５０００Ｗ／Ｖ稀释，每周皮下注射一次，每次１ｍｌ。其中５头注射１２次，１头注射１８次，３头４次。９头中有６头（６６．７％）皮炎症状减轻，６头的皮肤症状平均改善率７３％（３３—１００％）。过敏性疾患发生于人、犬以及猫、羊、马、牛等许多动物种群中，有关犬发生过敏性皮炎的报道较多，但尚未对其作深入的研究。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.