东海区短鳄齿鱼数量分布及其与环境因子的关系

根据2005年东海区(26°30′～35°00′N、121°00′～127°00′E)渔业资源监测底拖网调查资料,结合广义相加模型(GAM)方法分析了东海区短鳄齿鱼资源的时空分布特征以及水深、水温、盐度与数量分布的关系。结果表明:东海区短鳄齿鱼主要分布区域为:28°00′～30°00′N、123°00′～126°30′E;生物量季节变化明显,以秋季(9月)最高,春季(4月)最低;短鳄齿鱼适宜水深、温度、盐度范围分别为70～110 m、17～23℃、34.3～35.2。结合东海海流分布特点,初步推断短鳄齿鱼为暖水性海洋小型鱼类,其生物量分布和季节变化受台湾暖流影响。     

黄海鱿鱼渔况的初步研究

<正> 太平洋褶柔鱼(Todarodes pacificussteenstrup,原名太平洋斯氏柔鱼,以下简称鱿鱼)是一种经济价值较高的头足类.近几年第三季度,烟渔公司把它作为主要捕捞对象,并取得了很大的经济效益.在鱿鱼的索饵场中,尤以黄海渔场(38°～39°N,123°E 以东和35°30′～37°30′N,124°E 以东)和东海北部渔场(30°～32°30′N,125°E 以西,简称南渔场)最为重要,故研究鱿鱼在黄海     

闽南、台湾浅滩渔场二长棘鲷群体数量的时空分布

根据 1998年 7月至 2 0 0 0年 6月在闽南、台湾浅滩渔场开展二长棘鲷 (Parargyropsedita)资源的专题调查研究资料 ,本文研究了二长棘鲷群体数量在该渔场的时空分布 ,全年以 6～ 9月索饵群体的分布密度最高 ,分布的范围也最广泛 ,主要分布在 2 3°0 0′～ 2 4°0 0′N ,117°30′～ 119°0 0′E ;4～ 5月以后幼鱼群体开始大量出现 ;6～ 8月索饵群体广泛分布于闽南、台浅渔场中北部近岸海区 ,而 1～ 3月生殖群体集中分布于该渔场近岸浅水区及澎湖周围海域 ;全年捕捞主要以当年生的索饵群体为主。     

东海管水母类生态研究

根据1997-2000年东海23°30′33°00′N、118°30′～128°00′E海域4个季节海洋调查资料,对东海管水母类种类组成及优势种、数量分布、生态类群等作了探讨.结果表明鉴定到种的管水母类有40种,其中宽板无棱水母(Sulculeolaria bigelowi)为东海区首次记录;主要优势种有五角水母(Muggiaea atlantica)、双生水母(Diphyes chamissonis)和拟细浅室水母(Lensia subtiloides)等.管水母类总丰度春季最高(491 ind·10-2·m-3)、夏季最低(66 ind·10-2·m-3);平面分布不均匀,一般东海近海高于外海和台湾海峡海域.东海管水母类可分为3个生态类群,数量上以近岸低盐广温类群占优势,65%的种类由广高温高盐类群构成.     

东海浮游桡足类的数量分布

根据1997-2000年在东海23°30′～33°N、118°30′～128°E水域进行的4个季节海洋调查资料,对东海浮游桡足类生态特征,分数量、群落特征、种类组成及优势种三部分从不同侧面作了探讨,本文为该研究的第一部分。结果表明,东海浮游桡足类丰度占浮游动物总丰度的55.5%,占饵料浮游动物总丰度的64.8%;秋季丰度最高、夏季次之、春季最低;平面分布不均匀,呈斑块状分布,一般东海近海高于外海和台湾海峡海域;高值区一般出现在不同水系的交汇区,其中,大陆沿岸水和东海外海水交汇区丰度值较其它混合区高。本次调查东海北部(29°～32°N、125°E以西)水域桡足类丰度约为20年前同期的1/3;东海浮游桡足类丰度的平面分布往往取决于中华哲水蚤(Calanussinicus)、精致真刺水蚤(Euchateconcina)和亚强真哲水蚤(Eucalanussubcrassus)的分布。     

夜光藻与浮游生物关系的数学模型

根据2002年4-5月在东海122°～123°30′E、29°～32.N海域的海洋综合调查资料,对中型浮游生物网采集的浮游动物样品进行了分析,结果表明本区春季夜光藻(Noctiluca scintillans)平均丰度高达6 531 ind·m-3(41～48 576 ind·m-3),夜光藻呈南北高、中间海域低的分布特征;高密集区(＞10 000 ind·m-3)位于东海北部122°30′E以东、31°30′～32°N和南部29°～29°30′N海域;长江口及杭州湾近海(122°15′E以西)丰度低.夜光藻丰度与网采浮游植物总丰度有极其显著的正相关性(R=O.75,P＜0.001);与表层水样中硅藻和大型浮游桡足类丰度呈非线形相关关系,前者可用Yield Density模型拟合,后者可用Johnson Schumache模型描述.     

秦皇岛近海浮游动物分布研究

1996年 4月对秦皇岛近海进行调查 ,采样点分别设在山海关 ( 119°51′7″E ,39°56′5″N)、北戴河( 119°34′2 0″E ,39°54′15″N)、洋河口 ( 119°31′2 0″E ,39°35′10″N)。结果表明 :山海关区的浮游动物常见种有 18种 ,其多样性指数为 0 .1912 ;北戴河东郊浮游动物常见种有 2 3种 ,其多样性指数为 0 .4 0 6 0 ;洋河口浮游动物常见种有 17种 ,其多样性指数为 0 .84 38。三个采样点多样性指数的比较结果为洋河口 >北戴河东郊 >山海关。得出结论 :海域浮游动物多样性的高低与陆源营养物质输入呈正相关 ,与污染物的输入呈负相关     

黄海南部与东海的隆剑水蚤(桡足类：剑水蚤目)生态分布

利用1981年2、5、8和11月4个航次的海洋调查资料,对黄海南部及东海(28°00′～34°00′N、121°00′～127°00′E)水域中、小型浮游桡足类隆剑水蚤科(Oncaeidea)的种类组成和分布特征进行了初步分析。研究结果表明,调查水域共出现隆剑水蚤9种,其中等刺隆剑水蚤(Oncaeamediterranea)、背突隆剑水蚤(Oncaeaclevei)和角突隆剑水蚤(On caeaconifera)为主要优势种。夏季丰度最高(60.38ind·m-3),秋季次之(15.16ind·m-3),冬季最低(2.34ind·m-3)。通过对同步温度和盐度资料分析后发现,隆剑水蚤主要分布在受台湾暖流和黑潮暖流影响的高温、高盐区域,其中等次隆剑水蚤可作为暖流的指示种。     

苏北浅滩生态监控区鱼卵的种类组成和数量分布

2004、2005年5月,在苏北浅滩生态监控区采用水平和垂直拖网两种方式进行了鱼卵调查,从南至北共设8个断面,范围为121°17′~121°55′E、32°00′~32°28′N。结果显示,第3~6断面(121°25′~121°36′E、32°08′~32°20′N)为鱼卵的密集区,密度最高的站位分别为2004年的7断面1站位(121°25′E、32°24′N)和2005年的5断面3站位(121°27′E、32°16′N)。主要的种类组成有多鳞鱚、鳀、斑鰶、远东拟沙丁鱼等。2004、2005年第一优势种均为多鳞鱚,2004年的第二、三位优势种分别为鳀和远东拟沙丁鱼,而2005年的第二位优势种则为斑鰶。     

毛里塔尼亚海域渔场的环境特征

根据2007年5~8月"中水9505"号调查船在毛里塔尼亚海域(16°00′~20°50′N、16°10′~17°50′W)三个航次的水文调查数据,通过对风场、温度、水文要素(水温、盐度、溶解氧、叶绿素)等的空间分布和变化,以及水团、海流的分析,就海区的海洋结构做了初步研究,并对海洋环境与渔场的关系做了探讨。结果表明:受加那利海流以及赤道暖流的交汇影响,5月到8月,海域的表温逐渐升高,但总体是南部海域的水温高于北部海域;整个海域的盐度基本在27左右;随深度增加,除盐度略有增加外,其他水文要素均明显减小;受海底地形的影响,导致流态以及营养分布不均;中心渔场分别在18°30′~19°10′N、16°10′~16°40′W和19°50′~20°30′N、17°00′~17°30′W两个海域。     

Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean

The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.     

Rare serotype occurrence and PFGE genotypic diversity of Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from tilapia in China

Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.     

Growth performance,digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass,Lateolabrax japonicus fed with fructooligosaccharide

In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.     

Evaluation of a Fast Method Based on the Presence of Two Restriction Sites in the Mitochondrial ND5 (mt ND5) Gene for the Identification of Scomber Species

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus.     

Purification and partial characterization of GtHs (cfLH and cfFSH) from Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus) (L.) and development of a homologous ELISA for cfLH

Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL^?1 (1.25 ng well^?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.     

Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection

Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg^?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).     

The optimal dietary protein level of juvenile silver sillago Sillago sihama at three dietary lipid levels

A 5 × 3 factorial growth trial was conducted to evaluate optimal dietary protein and lipid levels (dietary protein level, DP; dietary lipid level, DL) for juvenile Sillago sihama (S. sihama) (2.0 ± 0.02 g, initial weight). Fish were fed 15 diets containing 5 DPs (350, 400, 450, 500 and 550 g/kg) and 3 DLs (60, 90 and 120 g/kg) for 8 weeks. The interaction between proteins and lipids significantly influenced the feed conversion ratio, condition factor, body composition, antioxidant indices and lipase activity (p < .05). DP 450 g/kg showed the highest average final body weight. DPs 500 and 550 g/kg significantly decreased the protein efficiency ratio (p < .05). DL 120 g/kg showed the highest percentage weight gain. The low feed conversion ratio was found in diets P45L12, P55L9 and P55L12. Diet P45L12 showed high superoxide dismutase activities. DP 450 g/kg showed the lowest average malondialdehyde content. Lipase activity was increased by increasing DP (p < .05) with a fall at DP 550 g/kg. Under the present experimental conditions, the optimal DP for S. sihama was 450 g/kg under the DL 120 g/kg.     

Vitamin D3 and the renal handling of phosphate in American eels

Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D₃) increased plasma inorganic phosphate concentration in American eels,Anguilla rostrata, in a dose-dependent fashion. This response was more marked in phosphate loaded fish. In control as well as phosphate loaded eels the hyperphosphatemic response to D₃ was associated with a sharp reduction in renal phosphate clearance relative to¹⁴C-polyethelene glycol (PEG) clearance. Glomerular filtration and urine flow rates were not affected by D₃. As renal phosphate clearance, even in phosphate loaded eels, never significantly exceeded that of PEG, it is suggested that D₃ reduced the relative clearance rate of phosphate by increasing renal phosphate reabsorption rather than by reducing the tubular secretion of phosphate.