豇豆钻蛀性害虫田间取样项目的探讨

根据豇豆钻蛀性害虫的为害特点和多年田间调查的经验,就该类害虫各虫态的调查时间、方法、取样部位、记载取舍等进行探讨,以使调查数据更加合乎客观实际。     

A review of investigations to improve pest managemet of stored maize in smallholder farms in Kenya

A 4-year project in Kenya to develop management strategies for the larger grain borer (Prostephanus truncatus) in smallholder maize stores is described. The entomological investigations included behavioural and ecological studies of pest activity in experimental and farmers' maize stores and the natural environment, the use of insecticides to protect maize stored as grain and cobs and the release of a biological control agent. The latter was a predatory beetle; this marks the first release of a biological control agent against a storage pest in East Africa. The operation of a national trapping network to assess the extent and future spread of the pest and predator and target control campaigns is outlined. Recommendations for the control of the stored product pests, resulting from these investigations, were tested for likely adoption and modification in the light of socioeconomic surveys and a cost-benefit analysis. A decision tree approach to managing stored product pests is suggested which allows extension workers and farmers to decide the necessity of pesticide application when assessing how best to protect stored maize.     

石羊河流域下游民勤县生态需水量研究

在大量调查资料及试验的基础上,结合对近几年来的科研成果及相关资料分析,从系统的角度,研究了石羊河流域生态需水量,并提出了在一定水资源条件下的受损生态系统恢复建议。     

广州市植绥螨调查名录

2006年,经2次本底资源调查共得到广州市植绥螨科5属28种,其中尼氏真绥螨是优势种,占采集标本总数的45%。本文还对一些在生物防治上有利用价值的种类作了重点介绍。     

Investigations into the Wood-pigeon Problem in Cabbage Fields during Winter

In Europe the population of the wood-pigeon ( Columba palumbus L.) is increasing, consequently agricultural and horticultural damage is also increasing, especially in cereal and Brassica fields. In Great Britain long-term investigations of this problem have been made.
In the Federal Republic of Germany, wood-pigeons cause a lot of damage to cabbage fields. Farmers, in the Mainz-Gonsenheim area, suffer damage amounting to more than DM 100,000 per annum, to their Brassica crops. This amounts to 30% of the harvest. Our Institute has started a research program to find methods of reducing the damage in cabbage fields and to test methods of controlling the pigeon populations. The investigations are supported by the Ministerium für Landwirtschaft, Weinbau und Umweltschutz in Rheinland-Pfalz.     

Investigations on herbicide resistance in European silky bent grass (Apera spica-venti) populations

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - In this study, the results of two-year investigations on herbicide resistance in silky bent grass (Apera spica-venti) populations are presented....     

多杀菌素的研究进展

介绍了一类由发酵产物分离的新颖大环内酯化合物多杀菌素,它对鳞翅目害虫活性很高,且对大多数的咀嚼式口器害虫有效。阐述了其化学结构、物理性质、生物活性、开发过程、全合成中的难点以及对分子改造的最新研究。     

内蒙古鄂尔多斯市锦鸡儿属植物资源研究

锦鸡儿(Caraganaspp.)属的植物群众通称柠条,是内蒙古鄂尔多斯市重要的植物资源,具有很大的开发利用价值。经我们调查研究后,确认锦鸡儿属在鄂尔多斯市有9种,它们是:柠条锦鸡儿(Caragana korshinskiiKom.)、中间锦鸡儿(C.intermediaKuang etFu)、荒漠锦鸡儿(C.roborovskyiKom.)、垫状锦鸡儿(C.tibeticaKom.)、狭叶锦鸡儿(C.stenophyllaPojark.)、短脚锦鸡儿(C.brachypodaPojark.)、甘蒙锦鸡儿(C.opulensKom.)、秦晋锦鸡儿(C.purdomiiRehd.)以及矮锦鸡儿(C.pygmaea(L.)DC.)。     

Potato Wart Disease in Newfoundland1

Techniques in use for evaluating reaction of potato selections to wart disease are described. Races of potato wart similar to European Races 1, 2 and 8 have been detected in Newfoundland. To enable the results from potato wart investigations carried out in different countries to be compared, standard test procedures and an agreed series of differential varieties must be introduced.     

广东省鲜食玉米病害发生种类及其病原鉴定

对广东省鲜食玉米病害种类进行田间系统调查,采集病害标本,通过症状观察和病原鉴定,确诊了玉米大斑病、小斑病等11种病害;明确了鲜食玉米的主要病害为玉米小斑病和纹枯病,首次在广东发现了玉米弯胞叶斑病和黑斑病。本研究结果可为鲜食玉米病害的防治和深入研究提供重要依据。     

Transient expression of gfp in the obligate biotrophic oomycete Plasmopara halstedii using electroporation and a mechanoperforation method

Studying plant biotrophic oomycetes is difficult, because they depend on living plant cells for nutrition, which necessitates investigations in planta . Internal optical labelling is a powerful tool for analysing intra- and interspecific interactions. Different approaches are described for establishing a gfp -transformation system for Plasmopara halstedii , the causal agent of sunflower downy mildew. A vector containing gfp and the oomycete-specific ham34 regulators from Bremia lactucae was constructed for transformation experiments. Particle bombardment of infected sunflower cotyledons during different developmental stages of the pathogen did not result in successful transformation. In contrast, transient gfp expression in sporangia was achieved using electroporation. However, gfp expression was lost during the subsequent round of infection. A novel transformation method for biotrophic organisms in planta employing mechanoperforation – so-called Löchern–resulted in sporangiophores of P. halstedii transiently expressing gfp and emerging distant from the site of transformation. The new technique is advantageous compared with others as the transformed hyphae can recover during their vegetative growth, before reproductive structures occur. This first step lays an important foundation for further investigations of obligate biotrophic organisms.     

Untersuchungen zur K?ltetoleranz verschiedener St?mme der Deutschen Schabe,Blattella germanica (L.) (Blattodea, Blattidae) unter Laboratoriumsbedingungen

In laboratory investigations, 5 strains of the German cockroach,Blattella germanica, with different origin were tested in respect to their cold tolerance at 0, 5, and 10°C, respectively. The most important results are:An out-door strain of a refuse tip was most tolerant to low temperatures. This ist not surprising, as in other investigations this strain could be observed overwintering in the field outside of the tip.     

Range extension of four highland agamid lizards in Shimshal Pamir, Pakistan

As part of the Sino-Pak trans-boundary cooperation for conservation and sustainable development in Pamir border region,World Wild Fund (WWF)-Pakistan conducted a preliminary social,economic and ecological survey in the Shimshal-Pamir Lakes area in July 2009.The purpose of the study was to explore potentials and opportunities for future collaborative conservation of some species,habitats and high altitude ecosystems in the border region between China and Pakistan.The two-week herpetological study in the Shimshal Pamir area of Khunjerab National Park (KNP) along Pakistan-China border was an integral part of the survey,conducted exclu-sively to document reptilian fauna with a special emphasis on investigating their occurrence,distribution and status in the study area.Field investigations were performed during daytime when it was hot enough and reptiles were active,basking or feeding.A total of 15 specimens belonging to four species of the Agamidae family were captured by striking stones and beating bushes with sticks.Collected specimens were preserved using 10% formalin solution,tagged with field information and stored in Zoological Survey Department,Karachi for future reference.Laboratory investigations were carried out for pholidosic counts and morphometric measurements.A detailed review of relevant literature,habitat characteristics and laboratory investigations revealed the occurrence of Laudakia himalayana,L.pakistanica,L.tuberculata and L.badakhshana at 4,082 m,4,172 m,4,005 m and 4,240 m asl,respectively,which are much higher altitudes as compared to the previously reported heights of 3,353 m,3,200 m,2,500 m and 2,400 m asl.The terrain offers a variety of ecological barriers,in the form of fast and freezing running waters and massive glaciers with peculiar harsh climatic conditions prevailing for nine months of the year,which restricts species migration and thus increases endemism.Although one of the four species recorded from the study area,i.e.L.pakistanica is endemic to Pakistan,L.tuberculata and L.badakhshana are new records from Shimshal,Pakistan,so a detailed investigation is suggested for further herpetological records from the study area.     

鄂尔多斯地区历史城市的城市平面组合和子城特征

结合文物资料和前人的研究成果,在2003～2007年多次野外实地考察的基础上,对我国农牧过渡带-鄂尔多斯高原及毗邻地区内209座历史城市的城市平面组合和子城进行了研究。鄂尔多斯高原及毗邻地区历史时期的城市平面组合形式大致可分为两种:独立组合式和相连并列式。汉代城市的子城周长大致符合晁错的设计规模;子城以偏于地势较高和利于防卫的城内一隅为最常见的形态;子城作为城市中枢系统衙署所在,在位置选择中要得到最好的防御保障。     

黄土丘陵沟壑区植被类型对土壤质量的影响

土壤质量是支撑地球生物圈和进行可持续农业生产的最重要的环境因子之一。以黄土丘陵沟壑区的纸坊沟流域为研究区,选取不同植被类型和不同恢复年限的样地8块,测定土壤微生物性质（微生物生物量碳、微生物生物量氮、微生物生物量磷、微生物商）、土壤化学性质（土壤有机碳、全氮、碳氮比、碱解氮、销态氮、铵态氮和速效磷）、土壤酶活性（转化酶...     

鄂尔多斯高原及毗邻地区历史城市发展的阶段性特征

结合文物资料和前人的研究成果,在2003～2007年多次野外实地考察的基础上,对我国农牧过渡带-鄂尔多斯高原及毗邻地区内209座历史城市发展的阶段性进行了研究.历史城市发展大致分为六个阶段,其阶段性特征是:军事或政治城市体系特征显著,城市体系具有短期内一次成形的特点;受控于政治或军事城市体系的约束,始终没有形成明显的区...     

荒漠绿洲边缘沙漠化土地整治——临泽绿洲北部试验研究剖析

本文根据作者在临泽绿洲北部进行的试验研究和在其他绿洲进行的观测与调查,分析讨论绿洲沙漠的特点、整治途径以及绿洲防护体系的结构与功能。研究结果表明:①绿洲沙漠化的主要特征是严酷自然条件加上绿洲资源不合理开发利用所造成的风沙危害和干旱胁迫。其中绿洲上风向边缘等生态平衡脆弱的地带最易出现沙漠化;②整治绿洲沙漠化土地的根本途径是建立综合的防护体系和合理开发利用绿洲资源;③完整的绿洲防护体系至少应包括护田林网、阻沙固沙林带和封沙育草第三个主要部分。各组成部分有其特殊功能,并在总体上产生良好的生态效益,近地面气候条件改善、风沙危害消除、土地结构合理化、植被恢复以及整个绿洲生产力稳定提高等。     

寒地稻田节肢动物群落多样性调查

经田间调查与室内鉴定,发现黑龙江寒地水稻田节肢动物种类有2纲10目49科65种。稻田节肢动物中各目、科的种类数量所占比例差异很大,在植食性昆虫中鞘翅目所占比例最大;在天敌中以蜘蛛类最多;在中性昆虫中,以双翅目比例最大;同时在物种、功能集团和营养层3个组织层次水平上分析了稻田节肢动物群落的结构和多样性。结果表明：在寒地稻田中顶位物种的丰盛度变化不大,而中位物种和基位物种的丰盛度变化明显;种的多样性整体变化幅度最大,8月9日最高,功能团多样性变化幅度不大,营养层多样性有一定波动。     

Biochemical characterization and identification of ice-nucleation-active (INA) willow pathogens by means of BIOLOG® MicroPlate,INA gene primers and PCR-based 16S rRNA-gene analyses

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Detection and identification of ice-nucleation active (INA) bacteria, was carried out in several independent investigations from diseased willow plants in...     

昆虫迁飞过程中的定向行为

迁飞是昆虫区域性灾变的重要因素之一,阐明昆虫在空中的运动过程对发展迁飞害虫预警体系有重要意义。昆虫空中运行过程由起飞、运转和降落三个阶段组成,近年来的研究证实多种昆虫具有主动定向的能力,迁飞过程中的共同定向行为决定平均位移速度、迁飞轨迹和降落区域。昆虫的定向机制包括太阳罗盘定向、地磁定向、星空标志定向、偏振光定向、对风漂移的补偿和风定向等。