Giant fluctuations of coulomb drag in a bilayer system

The Coulomb drag in a system of two parallel layers is the result of electron-electron interaction between the layers. We have observed reproducible fluctuations of the drag, both as a function of magnetic field and electron concentration, which are a manifestation of quantum interference of electrons in the layers. At low temperatures the fluctuations exceed the average drag, giving rise to random changes of the sign of the drag. The fluctuations are found to be much larger than previously expected, and we propose a model that explains their enhancement by considering fluctuations of local electron properties.     

Spin-charge separation and localization in one dimension

We report on measurements of quantum many-body modes in ballistic wires and their dependence on Coulomb interactions, obtained by tunneling between two parallel wires in an GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure while varying electron density. We observed two spin modes and one charge mode of the coupled wires and mapped the dispersion velocities of the modes down to a critical density, at which spontaneous localization was observed. Theoretical calculations of the charge velocity agree well with the data, although they also predict an additional charge mode that was not observed. The measured spin velocity was smaller than theoretically predicted.     

Properties of metallic nanowires: from conductance quantization to localization

Material structures of reduced dimensions exhibit electrical and mechanical properties different from those in the bulk. Measurements of room-temperature electronic transport in pulled metallic nanowires are presented, demonstrating that the conductance characteristics depend on the length, lateral dimensions, state and degree of disorder, and elongation mechanism of the wire. Conductance during the elongation of short wires (length l approximately 50 angstroms) exhibits periodic quantization steps with characteristic dips, correlating with the order-disorder states of layers of atoms in the wire predicted by molecular dynamics simulations. The resistance R of wires as long as l approximately 400 angstroms exhibits localization characteristics with In R(l) approximately l(2).     

Electrical resistance of long conjugated molecular wires

The charge transport mechanism of a wire can be revealed by how its electrical resistance varies with length. We have measured the resistance and current-voltage characteristics of conjugated molecular wires ranging in length from 1 to 7 nanometers, connected between metal electrodes. We observe the theoretically predicted change in direct-current transport from tunneling to hopping as a function of systematically controlled wire length. We also demonstrate that site-specific disruption of conjugation in the wires greatly increases resistance in the hopping regime but has only a small effect in the tunneling regime. These nanoscale transport measurements elucidate the role of molecular length and bond architecture on molecular conductivity and open opportunities for greater understanding of electrical transport in conjugated polymer films.     

基于动力学的钢丝绳断丝数检测方法初探

钢丝绳是由许多优质碳素钢丝捻制成股,再由若干股围绕绳芯捻制成绳。由于钢丝绳结构的特殊性决定了它具有较好的力学性能,同时在工作可靠性和结构多样性等方面也表现出独特的优点,被广泛应用于众多工程领域。钢丝绳的设计、制造、使用和维护等方面还存在着相当多的技术难题,甚至还不能给出钢丝绳在使用过程中真正意义上的安全系数．以至于钢丝绳工程结构时常出现意外安全事故。针对钢丝绳无损检测问题展开了研究．用弦振动方程建立钢丝绳断丝数检测方程。利用该方程对悬索钢丝绳的断丝数进行了探索性试验研究。结果表明,钢丝绳断丝数较少．负载较小时,对基频的影响较小;当钢丝绳断丝数较多,负载较大时,对基频的影响较为明显。因此。该方法为钢丝绳无损检测技术提供了一种的新的检测手段．具备一定的可行性。图4表1参11     

安徽省电线积冰的特征及气象条件分析

统计了安徽省有气象记录以来的电线积冰观测资料,分析了电线积冰的时空分布特征,同时也对积冰出现时段的气象要素特征进行了详细的总结。在此基础上,详细分析了2008年1月16日发生的宜华±500 kV直流线路事故的气象条件,得出致灾电线积冰的气象条件特征,并给出防御灾害的建议。     

String tension and stability of magic tip-suspended nanowires

Multishell helical gold nanowires were recently imaged by electron microscopy. We show theoretically that the contact with the gold tips at either end of the wire plays a crucial role and that local minima in the string tension rather than the total wire free energy determine the nanowire stability. Density functional electronic structure calculations of the simplest and thinnest coaxial gold and silver wires of variable radius and chirality were carried out. We found a string tension minimum for a single-tube gold nanowire that is chiral and consists of seven strands, in striking agreement with observation. In contrast, no such minimum was found for silver, where the s-d competition leading to surface reconstruction is lacking.     

Tunneling spectroscopy of the elementary excitations in a one-dimensional wire

The collective excitation spectrum of interacting electrons in one dimension has been measured by controlling the energy and momentum of electrons tunneling between two closely spaced, parallel quantum wires in a GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure while measuring the resulting conductance. The excitation spectrum deviates from the noninteracting spectrum, attesting to the importance of Coulomb interactions. An observed 30% enhancement of the excitation velocity relative to noninteracting electrons with the same density, a parameter determined experimentally, is consistent with theories on interacting electrons in one dimension. In short wires, 6 and 2 micrometers long, finite size effects, resulting from the breaking of translational invariance, are observed.     

Molybdenum nanowires by electrodeposition

Metallic molybdenum (Mo(o)) wires with diameters ranging from 15 nanometers to 1.0 micrometers and lengths of up to 500 micrometers (0.5 millimeters) were prepared in a two-step procedure. Molybdenum oxide wires were electrodeposited selectively at step edges and then reduced in hydrogen gas at 500 degrees C to yield Mo(o). The hemicylindrical wires prepared by this technique were self-uniform, and the wires prepared in a particular electrodeposition (in batches of 10(5) to 10(7)) were narrowly distributed in diameter. Wires were obtained size selectively because the mean wire diameter was directly proportional to the square root of the electrolysis time. The metal nanowires could be embedded in a polystyrene film and lifted off the graphite electrode surface. The conductivity and mechanical resiliency of individual embedded wires were similar to those of bulk molybdenum.     

Single-electron delocalization in hybrid vertical-lateral double quantum dots

We used a hybrid vertical-lateral double-dot device, consisting of laterally coupled vertical quantum dots, to measure the interdot tunnel coupling. By using nonlinear transport measurements of "Coulomb diamonds," we showed that an inherent asymmetry in the capacitances of the component dots influences the diamond slopes, thereby allowing for the determination of the dot through which the electron has passed. We used this technique to prepare a delocalized one-electron state and Heitler-London (HL) two-electron state, and we showed that the interdot tunnel coupling, which determines whether HL is the ground state, is tunable. This implies that our device may be useful for implementing two-electron spin entanglement.     

梗丝与膨胀丝及薄片丝对卷烟主流烟气中3种有害成分释放量的影响

采用正交试验方法,用掺配不同比例“三丝”(梗丝、膨胀丝及薄片丝)的烟丝(不加香)卷制烟支,测定卷烟主流烟气中3种有害成分(NH3,HCN,CO)的释放量。结果发现：以烟气NH3释放量为主要考虑因素时,梗丝、膨胀丝和薄片丝最优掺配比例分别为15%、15%和15%;以烟气HCN释放量为主要考虑因素时,梗丝、膨胀丝和薄片丝最优掺配比例分别为15%、５%和15%;以烟气CO释放量为主要考虑因素时,梗丝、膨胀丝和薄片丝最优掺配比例分别为15%、15%和0%。     

Two-dimensional Mott-Hubbard electrons in an artificial honeycomb lattice

Artificial crystal lattices can be used to tune repulsive Coulomb interactions between electrons. We trapped electrons, confined as a two-dimensional gas in a gallium arsenide quantum well, in a nanofabricated lattice with honeycomb geometry. We probed the excitation spectrum in a magnetic field, identifying collective modes that emerged from the Coulomb interaction in the artificial lattice, as predicted by the Mott-Hubbard model. These observations allow us to determine the Hubbard gap and suggest the existence of a Coulomb-driven ground state.     

Formation of catalytic metal-molecule contacts

We describe a new strategy for the in situ growth of molecular wires predicated on the synthesis of a trifunctional "primed" contact formed from metal-carbon multiple bonds. The ruthenium-carbon pi bond provides structural stability to the molecular linkages under ambient conditions, and density functional calculations indicate the formation of an efficient conduit for charge carriers to pass between the metal and the molecule. Moreover, the metal-carbon pi bond provides a chemically reactive site from which a conjugated molecular wire can be grown in situ through an olefin metathesis reaction.     

Ohm's law survives to the atomic scale

As silicon electronics approaches the atomic scale, interconnects and circuitry become comparable in size to the active device components. Maintaining low electrical resistivity at this scale is challenging because of the presence of con?ning surfaces and interfaces. We report on the fabrication of wires in silicon--only one atom tall and four atoms wide--with exceptionally low resistivity (~0.3 milliohm-centimeters) and the current-carrying capabilities of copper. By embedding phosphorus atoms within a silicon crystal with an average spacing of less than 1 nanometer, we achieved a diameter-independent resistivity, which demonstrates ohmic scaling to the atomic limit. Atomistic tight-binding calculations con?rm the metallicity of these atomic-scale wires, which pave the way for single-atom device architectures for both classical and quantum information processing.     

Spontaneous Bose coherence of excitons and polaritons

In the past decade, there has been an increasing number of experiments on spontaneous Bose coherence of excitons and polaritons. Four major areas of research are reviewed here: three-dimensional excitons in the bulk semiconductor Cu2O, two-dimensional excitons in coupled quantum wells, Coulomb drag experiments in coupled two-dimensional electron gases, and polaritons in semiconductor microcavities. The unifying theory of all these experiments is the effect of spontaneous symmetry breaking in the Bose-Einstein condensation phase transition.     

Atomlike, hollow-core-bound molecular orbitals of C60

The atomic electron orbitals that underlie molecular bonding originate from the central Coulomb potential of the atomic core. We used scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory to explore the relation between the nearly spherical shape and unoccupied electronic structure of buckminsterfullerene (C60) molecules adsorbed on copper surfaces. Besides the known pi* antibonding molecular orbitals of the carbon-atom framework, above 3.5 electron volts we found atomlike orbitals bound to the core of the hollow C60 cage. These "superatom" states hybridize like the s and p orbitals of hydrogen and alkali atoms into diatomic molecule-like dimers and free-electron bands of one-dimensional wires and two-dimensional quantum wells in C60 aggregates. We attribute the superatom states to the central potential binding an electron to its screening charge, a property expected for hollow-shell molecules derived from layered materials.     

Covalently bridging gaps in single-walled carbon nanotubes with conducting molecules

Molecular electronics is often limited by the poorly defined nature of the contact between the molecules and the metal surface. We describe a method to wire molecules into gaps in single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). Precise oxidative cutting of a SWNT produces carboxylic acid-terminated electrodes separated by gaps of 相似文献   

Probing the threshold to H atom transfer along a hydrogen-bonded ammonia wire

We characterized the entrance channel, reaction threshold, and mechanism of an excited-state H atom transfer reaction along a unidirectionally hydrogen-bonded "wire" -O-H...NH3...NH3...NH3...N. Excitation of supersonically cooled 7-hydroxyquinoline.(NH3)3 to its vibrationless S1 state produces no reaction, whereas excitation of ammonia-wire vibrations induces H atom transfer with a reaction threshold approximately 200 wave numbers. Further translocation steps along the wire produce the S1 state 7-ketoquinoline.(NH3)3 tautomer. Ab initio calculations show that proton and electron movement along the wire are closely coupled. The rate-controlling S1 state barriers arise from crossings of a pipi* with a Rydberg-type pisigma* state.     

一次雨雪冰冻天气过程电线积冰与输电线积冰对比分析

通过对一次雨雪冰冻天气过程电线积冰和输电线积冰最大直径的对比分析,结合积冰出现时的天气现象,探讨了不同积冰类型下2种导线积冰的特点,找出其变化规律,并对输电线积冰的观测方法提出了建议。     

高粘牛顿流体输送的表观滑移流动研究

在高粘度流体输送过程中,用低粘度的流体局部置换高粘度的流体,可以降低附壁边界层的粘性从而实现管道内流体流动减阻。对管道内两种粘度流体环状流动进行了理论和计算研究,推导了滑移层厚度及流体粘度与流动流量、减阻、滑移速度等的关系式,结果表明,随着滑移层变厚,其流速的增量会减小;当滑移层较薄时,流量增否取决于两层流体粘度之比;只有控制滑移层厚度不超过一定范围输送效率才会最大;滑移速度与压差成线性关系。