微耕机发展历程及使用要点

在分析国外微耕机发展现状及结构特点的基础上,论述我国微耕机的发展历程、类型及存在的主要问题,介绍微耕机的选购、操作及维护保养要点,为推进我国微耕机快速发展提供理论借鉴。     

我国微耕机的现状及发展趋势

介绍了微耕机在国外的发展状况和国内的发展历程，分析了我国微耕机存在的问题，并指出我国微耕机的发展趋势应以低价、多功能化、操作简单快速为主。     

微耕机振动研究现状综述

微耕机是典型的小型智能农业装备,在低能耗绿色农业发展中占有重要地位。微耕机在工作过程中存在严重的振动,会损害操作者的身体健康,影响微耕机的可靠性和稳定性。课题组对微耕机的振动原因进行研究,提出了可靠的振动抑制措施是改进微耕机性能的关键。课题组从微耕机激振力、振动模型的发展和振动抑制手段的发展三个方面总结了微耕机振动研究的现状,提出了微耕机振动研究的发展方向。     

微耕机的结构设计与动力学分析

随着我国农村经济的不断发展及农业结构的不断调整,微耕机的需求量在不断地增加。为此,在收集整理不同土质情况下微耕机的工作数据基础上,通过理论探讨,分析了微耕机的主要结构、工作原理及技术参数的选择;系统地阐述了微耕机的整机设计方法和过程;最后,采用有限元以及图表分析方法对工作部件进行受力分析与校核。     

微耕机安全事故预防方法研究

微耕机使用在建水县受到了广大农民朋友的青睐,但微耕机伤人事故时有发生,给人民群众生命财产安全带来了严重影响。笔者从建水县微耕机安全管理现状,分析微耕机伤亡事故发生的主要原因,结合实际提出了预防微耕机伤亡事故发生对策、建议。     

基于微耕机使用技术及注意事项探讨

随着当今农业的不断发展,微耕机在使用方式和结构构造上有了再次的创新。其中在微耕机旋耕刀的选取、耕作深度和起步流程有了重新的规划设计。其中在旋耕刀选取上根据不同的地质结构选用不同种类型的微耕机刀具,这样才能发挥出微耕机的实际作用。笔者在此进行了详细的分析,以便于提供可参考性的依据。     

微耕机安全操作及维护保养

现阶段,随着人们生活水平的不断提高,对于生态特色农产品的需求量越来越大,为了更好的满足社会发展需求,微耕机成为丘陵地区农业生产中代替人力、畜耕不可缺少的耕整地机械;要重视起对微耕机的应用,进而在提升耕地效率的同时,降低劳动成本及劳动强度,促进农业高效优质发展。但是,需要指出的是,微耕机属于精密设备,如果应用操作不当,极易引发安全隐患及事故,因此要重视微耕机的安全操作及维护保养。基于此,重点分析了微耕机的安全操作方法;并探讨了微耕机的维护保养对策。     

易门县微耕机发展现状与管理措施

易门县农业的普遍特点是种植地块小且起伏不平,推广微耕机是促进农业机械化发展的重要途径。微耕机作为一种新型的农用动力机械,深受山区农民群众的喜爱,但也存在一些安全隐患问题,文章着重分析了当前微耕机使用中存在的安全问题,并提出相应的对策建议,为微耕机安全管理提供参考。     

加强微耕机安全管理刻不容缓

近几年来,微耕机的发展是同中央农机购置补贴政策逐年实施分不开的,随着农机购置补贴项目的实施扩展,调动了广大农民购机用机积极性,特别是微耕机深受果园种植、蔬菜种植农户喜爱,但微耕机在深受欢迎的同时也给农村道路交通带来诸多的安全隐患。笔者对其管理的方法进行分析和深入探讨。一、微耕机运耕作业及特点1.微耕机耕作与运输。微耕机实质就是微型耕整地机,大型耕整地机没有牵引动力部分,他要由大     

用好农机具购置补贴 促进农机化事业健康发展

<正>禄劝是云南省典型的山区农业大县,以微耕机为代表的农业机械已成了农村重要的生产力。据2012年统计全县已拥有各型微耕机2.2万台,占昆明市微耕机总量的39%,占禄劝农业机械总动力的62%,占耕整机械总动力的99%。以微耕机为代表的农业机械拥有量已从昆明市的末端迈入前列。分析禄劝微耕机发展中存在的问题,寻求解决矛盾的方法,对促进农机事业健康发展具有极其重要的现实意义。1禄劝微耕机快速增长的主要因素国家农机具购置补贴的引导是禄劝微耕机迅猛发展的主要因素。近年国家加大对农业的投入,尤其是以农机具购置补贴为     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

车用发动机润滑油失效规律与更换周期研究

研究在正常使用条件下１０Ｗ／３０－ＱＣ级润滑油用于某型车用发动机时所表现的失效规律,确认期服从两参数Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ分布,并给出分布的尺度参数η和形状参数ｍ之最佳线性无偏估计（ＢＬＵＥ）同时,还为定量分析,计算车用发动机润滑油的使用可靠性和合理确定其更换周期提供了一套可供借鉴的方法,并给出了具体的计算实例。     

农村剩余劳动力就业问题的探讨

论述了我国农村剩余劳动力就业的意义,并针对我国农村剩余劳动力的现状,提出多渠道促进农村剩余劳动力就业的途径和办法。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

乡（镇）农业技术推广体系存在的问题及对策

乡（镇）农技推广体系是农业发展的关键。介绍朝阳市农业技术推广体系的现状,针对目前体制及运行机制、服务手段等方面存在的问题,提出适合朝阳市乡（镇）农技推广体系改革与发展的对策,以期对全省农技推广体系改革和发展起到一些借鉴作用。     

草莓的采收与贮藏

草莓果味酸甜爽口,营养价值高,为人们所喜爱的应市鲜果之一。由于草莓易受损伤和微生物侵染,因此其采收、贮藏过程极为重要。介绍草莓采收过程中的注意事项以及11种贮藏保鲜技术的实施步骤和操作方法,推介9种加工方式,为草莓产业化提供技术支持。     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.