玉米和大豆根内生拮抗细菌筛选鉴定及生防能力评价

为获得对植物真菌病害有稳定作用效果的生防细菌,采用平板对峙培养法从大豆和玉米根部内生细菌中筛选获得12株菌株,这些细菌对大豆立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)、大豆尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.glycine)和番茄枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxgsporum f.sp.lycopersici)均具有明显拮抗作用。16S rRNA基因鉴定表明12株内生拮抗细菌分别属于芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、类芽孢杆菌属(Paenibacillus)和假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)。选取5株细菌进行盆栽接种试验,结果表明,供试细菌均对大豆根腐病具有一定的防治效果,其中,菌株J1和J2防效分别达到20.4%和32.1%。     

两株解磷细菌的解磷活性及作用机制研究

解磷细菌在增加土壤可溶性磷含量、提高磷肥利用效率方面具有重要作用。为选筛高效解磷菌、探讨其解磷机制,本文利用平板溶磷圈法筛选解磷细菌,采用钼锑抗比色法研究其解磷活性,苯磷酸二钠法研究其磷酸酶活性,利用薄层层析分析其产生的有机酸,根据生理生化特征和16S r RNA基因序列系统发育分析,确定其分类学地位。结果表明,菌株JXJ-11和JXJ-15对植酸钙的降解活性很强,3 d后培养液中可溶性磷浓度分别增加219 mg·L~(-1)和216 mg·L~(-1);对磷酸钙降解活性较弱,最高可溶性磷浓度仅为植酸钙的21.79%~30.37%;解磷细菌可分泌酸性、中性和碱性磷酸酶,降解不溶性磷,可能产生丙酸和琥珀酸等有机酸,降低培养液p H,增加可溶性磷浓度。两株细菌均为革兰氏阴性杆菌,无芽孢,产生硫化氢,其中菌株JXJ-11的16S rRNA基因序列与Sphingomonas melonis DAPP-PG 224T和S.aquatilis JSS7T相似性最高(99.79%),菌株JXJ-15的16S rRNA基因序列与Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp.pneumoniae DSM 30104T相似性最高(99.73%),根据以上信息,确定菌株JXJ-11和JXJ-15分别是鞘氨醇单胞菌属和克雷白氏杆菌属的成员。菌株JXJ-11和JXJ-15的解磷机制包括分泌有机酸和磷酸酶,其中JXJ-11在微生物磷肥研制方面具有潜在应用价值。     

乙草胺降解菌筛选及其初步鉴定

乙草胺是农业生产中用量较大的除草剂之一,长期频繁大量使用在农田土壤和水体中形成积累,影响到土壤肥力和环境生态安全。筛选到乙草胺降解菌36株,实验室纯培养条件下,72 h对初始浓度50 mg/L乙草胺的降解达到0.43%~37.98%。16S rDNA基因分析比对结果显示,筛选到的34株降解菌在系统发育地位上分别属于假单胞菌(Pseudomonas)、无色杆菌(Achromobacter)、芽孢杆菌(Bacillus)、微杆菌(Microbacterium)、Parapusillimonas、短杆菌(Brevibacterium)、寡养单胞菌(Stenotrophomonas)、苯基杆菌(Phenylobacterium)8个属。菌株203-08和204-05与已知菌株16S rDNA最大相似性低于97%,系统发育地位尚不确定。     

枯草芽孢杆菌B11基因文库的构建及与拮抗物质的生物合成相关基因的克隆

枯草芽孢杆菌菌株B 11对广泛的植物病原真菌和细菌都具有拮抗作用。以柯斯质粒pW EB∷TNC为载体构建了枯草芽孢杆菌菌株B 11的基因文库,文库含9 000个克隆。文库克隆中插入的DNA片段平均为42.1 kb,该文库含有菌株B 11基因组中任一基因的概率为99.99%。采用平板活性检测法筛选文库,筛选到1个对茄青枯假单胞菌菌株P 13具有拮抗活性的文库克隆GXN 9527,该克隆的重组质粒pGXN 9527含有50 kb的菌株B 11的DNA。文库克隆对革兰氏阴性植物病原细菌如水稻黄单胞菌水稻变种也具有拮抗活性,而对革兰氏阳性细菌如地衣芽孢杆菌和植物病原真菌如尖孢镰刀菌西瓜专化型、立枯丝核菌、水稻稻灰梨孢菌则没有拮抗活性。分别含有pGXN 9527的18、12、9、8 kb B amHⅠ片段的亚克隆对P 13均没有拮抗活性,说明编码该拮抗物质的生物合成基因很可能成簇存在。     

适应玉米的溶磷细菌筛选及其对玉米生长的影响

从石灰性土壤中分离获得4株高效溶磷细菌X5、X6、Z4和Z8,研究其生物学特征,探索其单独及复合的溶磷促生潜能。研究发现菌株X5、X6、Z4和Z8均可以利用玉米根系分泌物作碳源生长。菌株X6和Z4均能产生吲哚乙酸(IAA)和铁载体,菌株Z8可产生IAA不产生铁载体,菌株X5可产生铁载体不产生IAA。盆栽试验结果表明,接种单一溶磷菌及4株菌复合处理均可促进玉米生长,但复合菌群的溶磷促生效果显著高于单一菌株。通过16S r RNA基因序列分析研究菌株的分类地位,初步鉴定X5、X6、Z4、Z8分别为荧光假单孢菌(Pseudomonas fluorescens)、草假单胞菌(Pseudomonas poae)、巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium)和枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)。     

芹菜腐烂病原菌QC02的鉴定及其生物学特性

芹菜(Apium graveolens)是世界上消费最广泛的叶类蔬菜之一。近年来,随着设施蔬菜栽培面积的迅速增加,周年生产、连作等原因也造成了设施内环境日趋恶化,病害发生呈现出新的特点。本研究针对2015年12月北京昌平区秋冬茬温室大棚发生的芹菜叶柄腐烂病样,分离获得1株QC02菌株,结合常规的形态特征、生理生化特性、16S rDNA基因序列,以及全基因组平均核苷酸同源性(average nucleotide identity, ANI)分析,对该菌株进行了综合生物学鉴定。研究结果显示,该菌株在KB固体培养基上菌落呈乳白色圆形隆起、表面光滑且边缘整齐,紫外灯下产生荧光反应,在结晶紫果胶酸盐培养基(cavity formation on crystal violet pectate, CVP)培养基上产生典型的杯状凹陷;人工接种条件下,该菌株可引发与田间自然发病症状相似的芹菜腐烂病,还能侵染马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)、胡萝卜(Daucus carota)、大蒜(Allium sativum)和洋葱(Allium cepa);利用假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)特异引物Ps-F/Ps-R可从QC02中扩增出与假单胞菌一致的目标片段;QC02与已报道的边缘假单胞菌(P. marginalis)的LOPAT实验结果一致,Biolog分析也将其鉴定为边缘假单胞菌;ANI分析结果显示,在与QC02 16S rDNA序列(GenBank No.MG765472)同源性高于99%的13株假单胞菌属标准菌株中,仅边缘假单胞菌ICMP 3553T与QC02之间ANI值达到98.46%,高于种间及种内间的阈值(95%)。综合以上鉴定结果表明,引发该地区芹菜腐烂的病原菌株QC02为边缘假单胞菌。目前,国内尚无该菌株引起芹菜细菌性腐烂的报道,本研究结果为该病害的有效综合防控和抗病育种提供科学依据。     

牛粪堆肥各阶段主要纤维素降解菌分离与作用规律分析

以纤维素降解率和糖生成率为主要指标,对堆肥各阶段主要纤维素降解菌进行分离筛选,并对其作用规律进行了初步研究.结果表明,纤维素降解分为转化为堆肥有机质及糖等小分子物质两个方面;堆肥早期糖生成量相对较多,对发酵微生物生长及堆体升温具有重要作用;堆肥中后期则更多转化为堆肥有机质,对腐殖质形成具有重要作用;嗜纤维菌、假单胞菌,小单孢菌、纤维单胞菌、纤维弧菌、芽孢杆菌,高温放线菌、小多孢菌、链霉菌、曲霉,小单孢菌、木霉、青霉、曲霉、芽孢杆菌等分别为低温、中温、高温、降温阶段纤维素降解主要功能菌;以纤维素降解率和糖生成率作为研究和筛选纤维素降解菌的主要指标,具有重要应用价值.     

芽孢杆菌TS01的ARDRA评估和遗传分析

利用自主分离的芽孢杆菌菌株TS01和15种芽孢杆菌(地衣芽孢杆菌,枯草芽孢杆菌,短小芽孢杆菌,巨大芽孢杆菌,凝结芽孢杆菌,蜡状芽孢杆菌,迟缓芽孢杆菌,苏云金芽孢杆菌,嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌,解淀粉芽孢杆菌,环状芽孢杆菌,球形芽孢杆菌,侧孢短芽孢杆菌,多粘类芽孢杆菌,泛酸枝芽孢杆菌)模式菌种进行ARDRA分析。采用16S rDNA通用引物16S-27和16S-1525进行PCR扩增,16S rDNA扩增片段经六种限制性酶（Alu I、Taq I、Mse I、Bst UI、Hha I和Tsp509 I）酶切电泳,获得了TS01菌株的特征性ARDRA指纹图谱。ARDRA图谱通过GelcomparⅡ软件进行聚类分析(UPGMA),结果表明菌株TS01和地衣芽孢杆菌处于同一分支,亲缘关系最近。ARDRA分析鉴定结果与实验室前期菌株TS01形态、生化鉴定和16S rDNA序列分析结果一致,TS01是一株地衣芽孢杆菌菌株,从而证明ARDRA技术在菌种水平上对芽孢杆菌TS01进行鉴别具有可靠性。     

固氮芽孢杆菌GD272的筛选鉴定及其固氮性能研究

对所选育出的一株固氮芽孢杆菌（编号为GD272）进行了形态、生理生化测定和接种效果研究。通过16S rDNA基因比对以及生理生化鉴定表明,该菌株属于芽孢杆菌Bacillus sp.。乙炔还原法测定显示该菌株具有较高的固氮酶活性;小白菜盆栽试验看出,接种GD272菌达到了施用化学氮肥的同等效果。菌株GD272在固氮微生物肥料生产中具有较好的开发应用前景。     

山西矿区复垦土壤中解磷细菌的筛选及鉴定

【目的】矿区复垦土壤贫瘠、 有效磷含量低。解磷细菌能够将有机磷和难溶性无机磷转化为可溶性磷,促进植物对磷素的利用。因此筛选和鉴定具有解磷能力的菌株,可为解决矿区生态恢复使用的微生物肥料提供菌种资源。【方法】采用平板分离法初筛菌株,得到D/d1.5的菌株,然后以磷酸钙为磷源,通过液体发酵试验复筛菌株,挑选出解磷率高于巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium)As1.223的菌株。以磷矿粉和卵磷脂为磷源,液体发酵试验测定菌株的解磷能力及磷酸酶活性。进行菌株的生长试验以测定菌株温度适宜性、 耐盐性及耐酸碱性。通过形态学、 基因序列分析及脂肪酸组成分析综合进行菌株鉴定。 菌落形态观察用营养琼脂平板培养基培养;菌体形态即细胞形态及其大小采用扫描电镜观察;基因序列分析采用16S rDNA序列测定,基因在线比对采用EzTaxon数据库;使用美国MIDI公司的Sherolock全自动细菌鉴定系统对菌株进行脂肪酸组成分析。【结果】利用无机磷和有机磷平板培养基,从山西省矿区复垦区土壤样品中筛选出19株解磷微生物,其中D/d1.5的有7株。在以磷酸钙为磷源的液体培养试验中,4株菌的解磷率高于巨大芽孢杆菌As1.223,解磷率为7.89%～12.61%,最高的为菌株Y14。4株菌对磷矿粉的解磷率为0.81%～1.21%,最高的为菌株Y14。在以卵磷脂为磷源的液体培养试验中,4株菌的解磷率与酸性磷酸酶活性分别为1.79%～3.07%和24.3～28.4U/L,均高于巨大芽孢杆菌As1.223; 碱性磷酸酶活性为11.9～50.2U/L;菌株Y14的解磷率与磷酸酶活性均最高。4株菌均有较强的环境适应能力,以Y14的适应性最强。H22、 Y11和Y34与假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.)同源性在99%以上,Y14与泛菌属(Pantoea sp.)有99.79%的同源性; H22、 Y11和Y34的细胞脂肪酸组成特征峰与假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.)相一致,Y14与泛菌属(Pantoea sp.)相一致;H22、 Y11和Y34被鉴定为假单胞菌(Pseudomonas sp.),Y14为泛菌属(Pantoea sp.)。【结论】分离、 筛选到4株高效解磷菌,对于磷酸钙和卵磷脂的解磷率均高于巨大芽孢杆菌As1.223。4株菌分别隶属于假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.)和泛菌属(Pantoea sp.)。菌株Y14无机磷与有机磷平板的D/d值分别为3.28与1.59,降解磷酸钙、 磷矿粉、 卵磷脂的解磷率分别为12.61%、 1.21%、 3.07%,酸性与碱性磷酸酶活性分别为28.4 U/L和50.2 U/L,均为4株菌里最高的,且环境适应能力最强,生长温度为20～60℃,能耐受pH 4～11的酸碱梯度和2%～7%的盐分梯度,Y14被鉴定为泛菌属(Pantoea sp.)。4株菌均具有良好的解磷能力及较强的环境适应能力,可望进一步研发成为微生物肥料生产菌种。综合D/d值、 解磷率、 磷酸酶活性和生长试验,本试验最终确定适合山西矿区复垦农田推广的高效解磷菌菌株为Y14。     

一株产生氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮菌的筛选鉴定及特性研究

从4个草鱼池塘中分离和定性筛选获得29株能够产生氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮的菌株。通过对编号为C95的菌株进行菌落形态学观察和16S rDNA序列分析,表明该菌株为革兰氏阴性杆状菌,与寡养单胞菌属（Stenotrophomonas sp.）的同源性达98%。采用单因素多水平试验对菌株的产氨氮和产亚硝酸盐氮特性进行研究发现：（1）氮源、碳源、温度和摇床转速都能显著影响菌株的生长及产生氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮的含量,但pH（5～9）对其无显著影响（P〉0.05）;（2）该菌株生长及产生氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮最适宜的培养基以及培养条件为：LB、pH 5～9、25℃、150 r.min-1。由C95作为指示菌株筛选得到SC01、SC07两株（2/33）去除氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮效果较好的菌株。因此,C95可作为筛选具有降氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮功能的有益菌的指示菌株。     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Rhizobium</Emphasis>,<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Bradyrhizobium</Emphasis> and<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Agrobacterium</Emphasis> strains isolated from cultivated legumes

The present study was conducted to isolate and characterize rhizobial strains from root nodules of cultivated legumes, i.e. chickpea, mungbean, pea and siratro. Preliminary characterization of these isolates was done on the basis of plant infectivity test, acetylene reduction assay, C-source utilization, phosphate solubilization, phytohormones and polysaccharide production. The plant infectivity test and acetylene reduction assay showed effective root nodule formation by all the isolates on their respective hosts, except for chickpea isolate Ca-18 that failed to infect its original host. All strains showed homology to a typical Rhizobium strain on the basis of growth pattern, C-source utilization and polysaccharide production. The strain Ca-18 was characterized by its phosphate solubilization and indole acetic acid (IAA) production. The genetic relationship of the six rhizobial strains was carried out by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) including a reference strain of Bradyrhizobium japonicum TAL-102. Analysis conducted with 60 primers discriminated between the strains of Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium in two different clusters. One of the primers, OPB-5, yielded a unique RAPD pattern for the six strains and well discriminated the non-nodulating chickpea isolate Ca-18 from all the other nodulating rhizobial strains. Isolate Ca-18 showed the least homology of 15% and 18% with Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium, respectively, and was probably not a (Brady)rhizobium strain. Partial 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis for MN-S, TAL-102 and Ca-18 strains showed 97% homology between MN-S and TAL-102 strains, supporting the view that they were strains of B. japonicum species. The non-infective isolate Ca-18 was 67% different from the other two strains and probably was an Agrobacterium strain.     

五氯酚厌氧生物降解体系中细菌的多样性分析

为了解五氯酚(PCP)降解过程中参与PCP降解的微生物多样性,本文应用16SrRNA基因克隆文库方法对PCP厌氧生物降解体系中细菌群落的组成和相对丰度进行了研究。结果表明,TM7类群的微生物在整个细菌群落中占有最大丰度(48.6%),检测到的序列与在三氯乙烯污染的地下水中检测的克隆子有一定的序列相似性(93.6%)。丰度位居第二的微生物类群为β-变形菌纲(Betaproteobacteria)细菌,其中的一些克隆子(10.8%)与脱氯微生物Dechlorosoma suillum具有极高的序列同缘性(99.7%)。此外,也检测到少数Clostridium属[厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)类群]的微生物。克隆文库中发现许多序列(占整个克隆文库的51.3%)与Gen Bank中已报道的序列具有较远的同源性(小于93.4%),它们可能代表新的微生物。本研究进一步拓宽了对PCP降解微生物多样性的认识。     

Isolation and identification of locally isolated bacterial strains effective against whitefly Bemisia tabaci

Potent bacterial strains effective against the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, nymphs (second instar), were isolated from tomato cultivated fields at Fayoum governorate, Giza, Egypt. Of 72 isolates, 12 with the most morphologically distinct-looking bacterial colonies were selected and named A1, A2, A3, A6, A7, A9, A12, A13, A107, B37, B45 and B100. All isolates were preliminarily identified as members of the genus Bacillus based on morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics. When tested for their pathogenicity against Bemisia tabaci, the 12 isolates revealed varying efficiencies with isolates A1 and A9 being superior, exhibiting maximum mortality of 92.2 and 90.8% on day 10, respectively. Isolate A7 recorded the lowest percentage at 18.3%. Further genetic characterization of the 12 isolates was performed using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR), randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and 16S rDNA gene sequencing analysis. RAPD and ISSR results confirmed each other. The combined ISSR and RAPD phylogenetic tree showed two major clusters. With 16S rRNA gene analysis, isolate A1 and A12 sequences recorded 100% identity with Bacillus thuringiensis, while isolates A7 and B100 showed 95.7% and 95.6% identity with Bacillus cereus and Bacillus sphaericus, respectively.     

Identification and characterisation of a diuron-degrading bacterium

Isolate D47 has previously been shown to degrade a range of urea-based herbicides. The DNA encoding the16 S rRNA gene of this strain was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced. Database similarity searches indicated the gene was similar to those present in Arthrobacter species. The 16S rRNA gene sequence was compared to eight full-length sequences that have been obtained from related strains in this cluster by both distance and parsimony methods. The analyses confirmed the inferred relationship between D47 and Arthrobacter oxydans-type strains within the Arthrobacter globiformis group. Biochemical tests confirmed this result. Studies with ¹⁴C-carbonyl-labelled diuron indicated that D47 hydrolysed the urea side chain at the carbonyl group. Loss of the parent compound was accompanied by an equal accumulation of 3,4-dichloroaniline and loss of [¹⁴C]-CO₂. Cell-free extracts of D47 indicated a broad temperature optimum for degradative activity between 15°C and 30°C, a broad pH optimum of 6.5-8.0 and a decline in activity with increasing salt concentration beyond 50 mM. This information sets the basic characteristics of the strain and the enzyme for cloning and expression of the gene(s) encoding this activity in a heterologous host.     

Isolation, enumeration, and characterization of diazotrophic bacteria from paddy soil sample under long-term fertilizer management experiment

A study was undertaken to determine the free-living culturable diazotrophic bacteria of paddy soils from a long-term fertilizer management experiment. Long-term application of different fertilizers significantly affected the population of free-living diazotrophs. Out of 165 distinct bacterial morphotypes observed during the isolation process, only 32 were positive for both acetylene reduction assay (ARA), and nifH gene screening. The ARA activity of the isolates ranged from 1.8 to 2,844.7 nmol ethylene h^?1 mg protein^?1. The 16S rRNA analysis identified the isolates to be members of 13 different genera viz. Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Paenibacillus, Serratia, Ochrobactrum, Lysinibacillus, Burkholderia, Brevundimonas, Herbaspirillum, Novosphingobium, Sphingomonas, Xanthomonas, and Azorhizobium. Though partial nifH gene sequencing of diazotrophic isolates showed good consistency with that of 16S rRNA-based identification, some nifH sequences were similar to a variety of uncultured nitrogen-fixing bacteria. The diversity of free-living diazotrophic bacteria and the wide distribution of nifH sequences indicate the potential contribution of these microorganisms to nitrogen input to paddy fields.     

Microbial Diversity and Bioactive Substances in Disease Suppressive Composts from India

The present study aimed to investigate microbial communities in seven Indian composts and their potential for biocontrol of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. In addition, identification of bioactive substances in disease suppressive composts was also attempted. Composts were chosen based on disease suppressiveness and subjected to molecular microbial analyses. Total genomic DNA from the composts was extracted and amplified with polymerase chain reaction using primers targeting the 18S rRNA and 16S rRNA genes of fungi and bacteria, respectively. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprinting and DNA sequencing were used to identify the fungal and bacterial targets. Phylogenetic analysis of the fungal 18S rRNA ITS gene sequences showed that phylum Ascomycota was dominant in all composts, while in the bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences, the phylum Proteobacteria was dominant. Some fungi in disease suppressive composts grouped phylogenetically close to F. oxysporum. Bacterial sequences with close similarity (>95% identity) with Actinobacterium showed a strong presence only in disease suppressive composts. Disease suppressive composts formed a separate group in the cluster analysis of 18S rRNA ITS and 16S rRNA gene sequences. Gas chromatography-time of flight-mass spectrometry was performed with compost extracts to determine if bioactive substances were present in disease suppressive composts. The analysis of compost organic matter showed a negative association of disease suppressiveness with phloroglucinol, sitosterol, and monoenoic fatty acid, while cholesterol and certain organic acids were positively associated with suppressiveness.     

一株高浓度烟碱降解菌的筛选、分离和初步鉴定

采用以烟碱为唯一碳源氮源的选择培养基,从烟草和植烟土壤中分离筛选出15株高浓度烟碱降解的菌株,其中菌株D9烟碱降解能力最强,其烟碱降解率为82％,耐受烟碱的最高浓度为8g／L。经常规形态特征、16SrDNA同源序列以及系统进化树分析,初步鉴定该菌株为类似氧化微杆菌,命名为Microbacteriumsp．GYC29。本研究为微生物降解烟碱的研究及应用提供了菌种资源。     

Biodegradation of gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (lindane) and alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane in water and a soil slurry by a Pandoraea species

Isomers of 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) were some of the most widely used pesticides. Despite reduction in their production and use, HCH isomers present a serious environmental hazard. In this study, two bacterial isolates (LIN-1 and LIN-3) that can grow on gamma-HCH as a sole source of carbon and energy were isolated from an enrichment culture. In liquid cultures of LIN-1 and LIN-3, 25.0 and 45.5% removal of gamma-HCH, respectively, were achieved in 2 weeks. LIN-3 was identified as Pandoraea sp. by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis (99% identity). Pandoraea sp. substantially degraded both gamma- and alpha-HCH isomers at concentrations of 10-200 mg L(-1) in liquid cultures. After 8 weeks of incubation in liquid culture, 89.9 and 93.3% of the gamma- and alpha-HCH isomers declined, respectively, at an initial concentration of 150 mg L(-1). In soil slurry cultures of Pandoraea sp., simulating a soil slurry phase bioremediation treatment, substantial decreases in the levels of the HCH isomers were observed at concentrations of 50-200 mg L(-1). After 9 weeks, 59.6 and 53.3% biodegradations of gamma- and alpha-HCH isomers, respectively, were achieved at 150 mg L(-1). Using two 23-mer oligonucloetide primers targeting the 330 bp region of the 16S rRNA gene of Pandoraea sp., an approximately 330 bp PCR product was successfully amplified from DNA templates prepared from bacterial colonies and soil slurry culture. This system provides a direct and rapid PCR-based molecular tool for tracking Pandoraea sp. strain LIN-3 in water and soils. These results have implied implications for the treatment of soils and water contaminated with HCH isomers.