云南城市森林公园植物景观研究

随着森林城市和生态城市建设理念的提出,城市森林公园植物景观逐渐受到了社会各界人士的高度重视和广泛关注。本文以云南省内城市森林公园植物景观为例,详细阐述了云南城市森林公园建设的意义,提出城市森林公园植物景观指导思想和规划原则,进而对目前云南省内的森林公园内植物景观现状进行分析,研究问题,提出优化森林公园植物景观配置的具体建议。     

南方地区森林公园植物景观效果的改造及提升

近年来,我国森林公园建设工作取得长足进展,但在森林公园植物景观方面,仍然存在一定的缺陷。本文以南方地区森林公园为例,探讨了植物景观效果的改造和提升,希望对于我国森林公园的发展起到一定的借鉴作用。     

探讨森林公园植物景观规划设计思路

作为森林公园重要的景观构成,植物在森林公园景观的营造上发挥着重要作用。从3个层面探讨了森林公园植物景观规划设计思路:一是森林公园中观赏林地的景观设计;二是森林公园中水景与植物的融合设计;三是森林公园中园路与植物的融合设计。     

金海湾公园森林景观营造探究

在滨江公园建设过程中,森林植物担任着重要的角色,森林植物景观营造的好坏影响着沿江居民的生活环境与生活品质。文章在分析金海湾公园的现状植物、水分、土壤等基础上,提出了金海湾公园森林景观构建设想,为滨江森林公园的植物景观营造提供参考。     

云碧峰森林公园植物景观规划

云碧峰森林公园是融游览观光、康体健身、休闲度假、科普教育等多功能于一体的城市森林公园.现在分析其现有植物景观资源的基础上,对其植物景观规划作初步的探讨.     

低成本景观设计理念在植物景观改造中的实践运用 ——以嘉兴体育中心景观改造为例

嘉兴体育中心为景观改造提升项目,本项目中存在水位较高,现状重点区域植物烂根,及维护不佳、植物空间拥堵、景观缺少特色等诸多问题。在此次的景观改造中针对这些问题,提出相应的解决办法,对其进行合理改良。因为是改造项目,希望能在保证景观效果的同时,尽可能降低成本。本文以嘉兴体育中心景观改造为例,探讨了低成本景观设计理念下改造项目的植物景观配置,以期能为景观改造项目提供一些参考。     

百望山森林公园重要节点景观提升改造研究

百望山森林公园是距核心区最近的山地森林公园之一,每年接待大量游客。园内林业资源多为建国后人工栽植,随着时间推移,黄栌林、刺槐林逐渐老化,病虫害较多,林内更新出现断层。为推进公园森林生态系统健康可持续发展,不断满足人们对公园景观高质量要求,开展对公园重要节点景观提升改造工程。本文通过实地踏查选择百望山森林公园3个重要节点从立地条件、功能定位进行分析,明确植被选择和配置模式,提出种植技术要点并对景观提升改造后的效益进行分析。通过景观提升改造,能有效提高游客满意度,公园植被的生态效益和社会效益得到更好的发挥,为建设美丽首都贡献一份绵薄之力。     

湖北岘山森林公园虎头山传统墓区植物景观改造初探

虎头山墓区位于岘山国家森林公园的核心景区,通往虎头山顶的主路两侧密集分布着大量坟茔,周围人为活动频繁,林下有大量可燃、易燃凋落物,森林火险等级高,防火压力大,对岘山森林公园构成极大的火灾威胁。因此采取"封-育-补-造-保-遮"六位一体的改造措施,引入具有防火功能的地带性乡土树种,形成景观隔离带、生物防火林带和景观斑块,营造群落结构优化、防火功能较强的森林,达到绿化、美化、生态化。     

植物景观改造设计方法研究——以中国水稻研究所为例

以中国水稻研究所的绿化改造提升项目为例,根据实地调查,对场地现有的植物景观进行评价和分析,提出植物景观改造的指导思想和原则,并结合整改策略,制定植物景观总体设计方案;针对不同区域,制定不同的改造路线。     

森林康养背景下的桃花沟森林公园景观优化提升策略

森林景观是森林生态旅游可持续发展的必备物质基础资源,森林资源作为丰富物种和结构最复杂的生态系统,可以调节气候,让人们在最适宜的生态环境中舒缓压力、锻炼身体、陶冶情操。随着人口老龄化问题的凸显,亚健康问题被全社会所关注“,森林生态+锻炼+养生”受到越来越多的人的青睐和关注。基于森林康养背景,论述了桃花沟森林公园景观优化提升策略,旨在不断提高桃花沟森林公园康养服务水平。     

塞罕坝机械林场生态景观林空间结构对夏季景观质量的影响

林内景观质量评价对林场的经营和管理有重要意义,而林分空间结构的研究对生态景观林景观质量有重要影响。以塞罕坝机械林场落叶松纯林与落叶松-白桦混交林为研究对象,选取了16张最具代表性的照片,采用美景度评价（SBE）法以美景度作为景观质量指标,通过探究林分空间结构对林分夏季近景的景观质量影响,进而为塞罕坝生态景观林夏季景观经营技术提供依据。结果表明：（1）林内垂直结构越完整,林下整齐度越高,人们的喜好频数越高,美景度越高。（2）林内透视距离与美景度值存在明显的二项式关系;林内透视距离高于1倍树高时,美景度值随透视距离增加而增加。（3）林分枝下高与株高比值和美景度值存在二项式关系,林分枝下高与株高比值在0.5～0.6之时,美景度值存在1个峰值,此时人们接受程度最高。人们对林内垂直结构、透视距离、林下整齐度、树干形态与枝下高等指标偏好程度为打造更美好的生态景观林提供科学指导,对林场的转型和森林景观旅游事业有促进作用。     

风景林景观抗旱植物选择与造景

我国是世界上缺水最严重的干旱区之一，因而研究抗旱植物在风景林遣景中的应用，在水资源问题日益突出的今天就具有特别重要的意义。过去的风号林景观规划存在重视景观效果而忽视抗旱植物对其少以利用的现象。文章拟在综合抗旱兼观赏性良好的植物种类中挑选出不同的搭配组合予以应用到风景林遣景中去，并对这些抗旱植物种类进行分类，对它们的生长习性和园林应用进行介绍，使之符合风景林景观抗旱植物的选择与造景的规划设计理念，进而指导实践工作。     

森林景观美学评价现状与展望

认知森林景观并科学评价其美学价值,对于优化城市森林景观、提升森林美景度、改善人居环境质量有重要意义。目前,国内外森林景观评价多尝试运用景观生态学的专家学派方法、心理物理学方法、认知学派方法和经验学派方法,在定性描述的基础上,试图建立森林景观评价的独特体系。本文综合分析了上述四种方法的特点和应用情况,指出森林景观美学评价有可能在融合既有方法的基础上,借助数字图片编辑和景观可视化技术的深入研发,逐步发展定性描述与定量分析相结合的综合评价体系,为合理评价森林景观提供技术准备。     

Vegetation complexes of flowing-water habitats and their importance for the differentiation of landscape units

An inductive method for recognizing vegetation complexes is presented. These complexes can be used to define landscape units. The method is demonstrated with regard to the river and rivulet valleys of the Black Forest in south-western Germany. It is based on surveys of locally occurring plant communities in homogeneous landscape units, using a cover-abundance scale for the areal extension of each community. The communities have first been established on the basis of the usual relevés of small homogeneous plots.The surveys are called sigma relevés (sigma = Greek for sum), Sigma relevés can be arranged in tables by the usual classification method in order to establish vegetation complexes. Characteristic and differential communities can be elaborated to characterize the vegetation complexes. The specific spatial distribution of each complex reflects certain physical-geographical and anthropo-geographical characteristics. Some applied aspects can be included for each vegetation complex, for example, lists of woody species typical for a landscape unit. From the point of view of water economy such a survey is useful since many efforts are being made to plant woody species in accordance with natural conditions along river and rivulet embankments.     

关帝山国家森林公园风景林规划设计理念

风景林规划设计要以人为本,满足需求,注重经济、自然、生态、美学等原则,更考虑的是风景林景观的社会价值和生态价值。以模拟关帝林区自然植物群落为基础,把生态和艺术美学作为核心理念,进行作品创造。     

Vertebrate distributions relative to clear-cut edges in a boreal forest landscape

Clearcutting is the main method of harvesting boreal forests, to some extent mimicking natural disturbances by fire and wind-felling. Effects of clearcutting on vertebrate fauna in managed forests was examined by small mammal trapping in spring and autumn, winter censuses of mammal snow tracks and censuses of birds in spring and summer in one central and one edge (125 m) section of large clearcuts and mature forests, respectively. There was a separate clearcut fauna, at least on large clearcuts, that was well distinguished from the forest fauna. There was not any physiognomic ecotone but the forest fauna showed a marked edge effect with larger numbers of many species in the peripheral parts of the forest. In the forests examined, with a Western European bird fauna, there were no typical interior forest species, in contrast to northern taiga forests. The present forest species easily changed distributions seasonally and according to variations in snow conditions and food abundance. Such generalist species in the boreal forest will therefore vary considerably in local density according to landscape composition but will also show large-scale persistence. They may have been selected for as a result of man's restructuring of temperate and boreal landscapes, e.g. by forest management. Edge effects seem to arise for several reasons but will probably only apply to generalist species.     

Forest recovery in a tropical landscape: what is the relative importance of biophysical,socioeconomic, and landscape variables?

Socioeconomic changes in many areas in the tropics have led to increasing urbanization, abandonment of agriculture, and forest re-growth. Although these patterns are well documented, few studies have examined the drivers leading to landscape-level forest recovery and the resulting spatial structure of secondary forests. Land cover transitions from agricultural lands to secondary forest in the island of Puerto Rico have been ongoing since the 1940s. This study is a glimpse into this landscape level trend from 1991 to 2000. First, we relied on Landsat images to characterize changes in the landscape structure for forest, urban, and agricultural land classes. We found that although forest cover has increased in this period, forest has become increasingly fragmented while the area of urban cover has spread faster and become more clustered. Second, we used logistic regression to assess the relationship between the transition to forest and 21 biophysical, socioeconomic, and landscape variables. We found that the percentage of forest cover within a 100 m radius of a point, distance to primary roads and nature reserves, slope, and aspect are the most important predictors of forest recovery. The resulting model predicts the spatial pattern of forest recovery with accuracy (AUC-ROC = 0.798). Together, our results suggest that forest recovery in Puerto Rico has slowed down and that increasing pressure from urbanization may be critical in determining future landscape level forest recovery. These results are relevant to other areas in the tropics that are undergoing rapid economic development.     

Exploring the characteristics of successful volunteer-led urban forest tree committees in Massachusetts

Citizen engagement through urban forest tree committee volunteer service may aid in providing essential experience, ideas, and skills that support municipal tree management. Using semi-structured, research interviews with tree committee (TC) representatives from across the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, this study addresses current knowledge gaps concerning the general composition, processes, and relationships of volunteer-led urban forest tree committees. Our findings indicate that TC representatives are typically motivated, passionate volunteers who generally desire to work cooperatively with the many associations, organizations, and agencies that comprise the local socio-political landscape. Our findings also indicate it is important that TC representatives make a sustained, concerted effort to work collaboratively with their local tree warden to advance the care of their community’s urban trees. Furthermore, it is also essential that municipal managers and decision-makers attempt to provide TC volunteers with appropriate training opportunities, resources, as well as demonstrate appreciation, to further encourage and solidify volunteer-engagement in urban forestry at the local level.     

Modeling the effects of forest harvesting on landscape structure and the spatial distribution of cowbird brood parasitism

Timber harvesting affects both composition and structure of the landscape and has important consequences for organisms using forest habitats. A timber harvest allocation model was constructed that allows the input of specific rules to allocate forest stands for clearcutting to generate landscape patterns reflecting the look and feel of managed landscapes. Various harvest strategies were simulated on four 237 km² study areas in Indiana, USA. For each study area, the model was applied to simulate 80 years of management activity. The resulting landscape spatial patterns were quantified using a suite of landscape pattern metrics and plotted as a function of mean harvest size and total area of forest harvested per decade to produce response surfaces. When the mean clearcut size was 1 ha, the area of forest interior remaining on the landscape was dramatically reduced and the amount of forest edge on the landscape increased dramatically. The potential consequences of the patterns produced by the model were assessed for a generalized neotropical migrant forest bird using a GIS model that generates maps showing the spatial distribution of the relative vulnerability of forest birds to brood parasitism by brown-headed cowbirds. The model incorporates the location and relative quality of cowbird feeding sites, and the relation between parasitism rates and distance of forest from edge. The response surface relating mean harvest size and total area harvested to the mean value of vulnerability to cowbird brood parasitism had a shape similar to the response surfaces showing forest edge. The results of our study suggest that it is more difficult to maintain large contiguous blocks of undisturbed forest interior when harvests are small and dispersed, especially when producing high timber volumes is a management goal. The application of the cowbird model to landscapes managed under different strategies could help managers in deciding where harvest activity will produce the least negative impact on breeding forest birds.     

Socioeconomics drive woody invasive plant richness in New England, USA through forest fragmentation

Woody invasive plants are an increasing component of the New England flora. Their success and geographic spread are mediated in part by landscape characteristics. We tested whether woody invasive plant richness was higher in landscapes with many forest edges relative to other forest types and explained land use/land cover and forest fragmentation patterns using socioeconomic and physical variables. Our models demonstrated that woody invasive plant richness was higher in landscapes with more edge forest relative to patch, perforated, and especially core forest types. Using spatially-explicit, hierarchical Bayesian, compositional data models we showed that infrastructure and physical factors, including road length and elevation range, and time-lagged socioeconomic factors, primarily population, help to explain development and forest fragmentation patterns. Our social–ecological approach identified landscape patterns driven by human development and linked them to increased woody plant invasions. Identifying these landscape patterns will aid ongoing efforts to use current distribution patterns to better predict where invasive species may occur in unsampled regions under current and future conditions.