中药组方与西药治疗犬大肠杆菌病效果的对比试验

为高效治疗犬大肠杆菌病,在临床上比较单独使用一组中药组方和一种西药对犬大肠杆菌病的治疗效果。试验中选用12只健康犬,随机均分成四组,分别为中药制剂治疗组;西药制剂治疗组;发病对照组,致病后用相应的生理盐水处理;健康对照组;前三组犬均复制大肠杆菌引起发病。试验结果表明,中药组的治疗效果明显高于西药组。     

酪酸菌制剂对大肠杆菌感染鸡群疗效观察

目的:考察酪酸菌治疗大肠杆菌感染鸡群的效果。方法:将1 000只21日龄的大肠杆菌感染鸡群随机分别为A、B、C、D 4组,A组为安普霉素,每天灌胃0.2 m L(5 g/m L),B组为酪酸菌制剂,0.02%饮水,C组为安普霉素(0.1 m L)+酪酸菌制剂组(0.01%),D组为感染对照组。另取健康肉鸡200只作为空白对照(E组)。分别观察和统计鸡群临床表现、生长指标、肠道菌群以及肝脏的病理变化。结果:B组、C组鸡群死亡率显著降低,同时增重率明显提高;B组、C组鸡群21日龄时肠道内大肠杆菌数量无明显变化,酪酸菌以及乳酸菌数量显著增加(P0.05);病理切片显示,经酪酸菌制剂治疗后大肠杆菌感染鸡肝脏损伤减轻。结论:酪酸菌制剂对鸡大肠杆菌病有较好疗效,可减轻大肠杆菌感染鸡肝损伤,增加肠道内有益菌数量。     

噬菌体在治疗大肠杆菌诱导的肉鸡气囊炎中的作用研究

为验证噬菌体对大肠杆菌诱导的肉鸡气囊炎的治疗效果,选择高致病性大肠杆菌采用灌服结合肌肉注射方案诱导气囊炎模型,并采用噬菌体、抗菌肽、抗生素等方法进行治疗。实验结果表明:从剖检结果、降低死淘率的情况来看,多西环素治疗大肠杆菌性气囊炎效果最好,噬菌体、林可霉素治疗效果相当,抗菌肽效果较差,阴性对照(未治疗)组死亡率最高,达71.4%。综上所述,噬菌体制剂可用于大肠杆菌性肉鸡气囊炎的辅助性治疗。     

氟苯尼考琥珀酸钠对人工诱发鸡大肠杆菌病的疗效观察

本试验人工诱发7日龄罗斯308商品肉仔鸡大肠杆菌病,用氟苯尼考琥珀酸钠3个不同剂量对致病鸡进行预防和治疗试验,以评价该制剂对鸡大肠杆菌病的防制效果。结果表明,氟苯尼考琥珀酸钠对鸡大肠杆菌病具有较好的防制效果;高剂量组和中剂量组的保护率和治愈率均明显高于硫酸阿米卡星组和头孢噻呋钠组。保护率高达96.7%（P<0.05）,治愈率高达93.3%（P<0.05）。     

氟苯尼考与多西环素复方制剂对鸡大肠杆菌病的疗效试验

采用氟苯尼考与多西环素复方制剂对人工诱发的鸡大肠杆菌病进行治疗。试验结果表明,人工诱发的鸡大肠杆菌疾病模型是成功的,且治疗试验结果显示:该制剂可溶性粉3个剂量组、药物对照组死亡率均极显著低于感染对照组(P<0.01),治愈率极显著高于感染对照组(P<0.01);高、中剂量组治愈率与死亡率无统计学差异(P>0.05),但均显著高于多西环素对照组(P<0.05),而低剂量组与多西环素对照组比较差异不显著(P>0.05)。各用药组鸡相对增重率与感染对照组相比较差异极显著(P<0.01),而各用药组之间相比较,差异不显著(P>0.05)。说明该制剂在临床中有一定的实用价值,值得推广使用。     

硫酸阿米卡星复方制剂治疗鸡大肠杆菌病的效果分析

试验选用枣庄地区分离的O78、O35、O88血清型致病性大肠杆菌菌株进行实验室攻毒,于筛选的敏感药物中,选用硫酸阿米卡星为主药,与利巴韦林、地塞米松磷酸钠、V_c配成复方制剂,分别以肌肉注射法、气雾法及饮水法途径给药,进行实验室攻毒治疗试验和田间治疗试验。实验室攻毒治疗试验结果表明:硫酸阿米卡星是治疗枣庄地区鸡大肠杆菌病的有效药物,复方制剂治疗(保护率为97.5%)较单方硫酸阿米卡星治疗(保护率为90.0%)更有效,治疗效果更佳;田间治疗试验结果表明:复方制剂与实验室攻毒治疗效果一致,具有减少用药量、缩短疗程的优点,并且注射法给药更经济、更高效。     

复方氟苯尼考注射液的临床应用试验

正氟苯尼考注射液临床应用较普遍,多为单方制剂。因耐药性的出现,临床为达到良好的治疗效果,往往采用高浓度(20%或30%)氟苯尼考注射液,造成应用成本过高,影响了该制剂的实际使用。有资料表明,氟苯尼考与三甲氧苄氨嘧啶配伍可明显增强氟苯尼考的体外抑菌效果,且对猪源大肠杆菌、鸭疫里默氏杆菌有效~([1])。依据药理学原理,通过药物联合应用可发挥药物的协同增效作用~([2]),提高氟苯尼考     

复方中药-益生菌制剂对雏鸡大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌抑制作用的研究

将200羽雏鸡,随机分入4个试验组(红白各半):复方中药制剂组(Ⅰ组)、复方益生菌制剂组(Ⅱ组)、复方中药-益生菌制剂组(Ⅲ组)、对照组(Ⅳ组),进行为期42 d的试验,比较各处理方法对雏鸡肠道大肠杆菌及沙门氏菌的影响。结果表明:试验初期复方益生菌制剂单独应用对鸡肠道大肠杆菌及沙门氏菌抑制作用优于复方中药制剂组及复方中药-益生菌制剂组;试验后期复方中药与从健康白牦牛肠道内分离纯化得到的枯草芽孢杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌复方益生菌制剂联合应用对鸡肠道大肠杆菌及沙门氏菌有极明显的抑制作用。     

益生菌-中草药制剂对鸡大肠杆菌的体外抑菌与攻毒保护试验

为研究益生菌-中草药制剂对鸡大肠杆菌病的防控作用,试验从散养草鸡的脾脏和肝脏组织中分离出2株革兰氏阳性杆菌[短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus)和巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium)],将已活化的2株芽孢杆菌与麦芽、猪苓、茯苓三种中草药制成益生菌-中草药制剂,观察其对鸡大肠杆菌的体外抑制和攻毒保护效果。结果表明:益生菌-中草药制剂对鸡大肠杆菌的抑菌率为94. 7%,对人工感染大肠杆菌的保护率达到87. 5%以上。说明益生菌-中草药制剂对预防鸡大肠杆菌病有良好的效果。     

香莲芪中药制剂抗鸡体内大肠杆菌的试验研究

为观察香莲芪中药制剂抗鸡体内大肠杆菌的效果,将16日龄雏鸡用O2型大肠杆菌攻毒并开展预防和治疗试验。预防试验是用16日龄雏鸡O2型大肠杆菌攻毒同时口服香莲芪中药制剂0.5m L、1.0m L及2.0m L,1次/天,连用10d,测定发病率、死亡率和保护率;治疗试验是先用O2型大肠杆菌攻毒并建立疾病模型后口服上述药物,2次/天,连用10d;以乳酸环丙沙星作为阳性对照,测定治愈率、有效率和死亡率。预防试验结果表明,香莲芪中药制剂组试验动物死亡率均极显著低于感染对照组(P﹤0.01);中、高剂量组对试验动物的保护率超过86%;在18日龄时,给药组试验动物发病率均极显著低于感染对照组(P﹤0.01)。治疗试验结果表明:香莲芪中药制剂试验组感染雏鸡死亡率显著低于乳酸环丙沙星阳性对照组(P﹤0.05);中、高剂量组治愈率显著高于阳性对照组(P﹤0.05或P﹤0.01),高剂量组有效率显著高于阳性对照组(P﹤0.05)。由此表明,香莲芪中药制剂能够有效预防和治疗鸡大肠杆菌病。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.